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surge verb
⇨ surge (The crowd surged forwards.) ⇨ soar (Profits surged to $225m.)surge noun
⇨ increase (a surge in demand) ⇨ wave 2 (a surge of emotion) surge verb surge ♦︎ swarm ♦︎ pour ♦︎ flood ♦︎ stream ♦︎ pileThese words are all used when people or things move in a particular direction, especially in large numbers. 这些词均表示蜂拥、涌向。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to surge / swarm / pour / flood / stream / pile into sth◆to swarm / pour / flood / stream out of sth◆to surge / swarm / pour / stream through / across sth◆to pour / flood / stream / pile in◆people surge / swarm / pour / flood / stream / pile◆a crowd surges / swarms / pours / streams◆to come pouring / flooding / streaming in / out■ surge /sɜːdʒ; NAmE sɜːrdʒ/ [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move quickly and forcefully in a particular direction 涌；汹涌；涌动◆The gates opened and the crowd surged forwards.大门打开了，人群向前涌去。◆A large wave sent water surging up towards them.一个巨浪朝他们涌来。■ swarm /swɔːm; NAmE swɔːrm/ [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (often disapproving) (of people or animals) to move around in a large group; (of a place) to be full of people or animals （人或动物）成群地来回移动；（场所）挤满，到处是（人或动物）◆There are tourists swarming all over the island at this time of year.每年这个时候岛上到处是熙来攘往的游客。◆The museum was swarming with schoolchildren.博物馆里挤满了小学生。 see also swarm ⇨ herd noun ■ pour [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to come or go somewhere continuously in large numbers 不断涌入（或涌向）◆Letters and cards poured in with offers of support for the victims.支持受害者的信件和慰问卡源源不断。◆Commuters came pouring out of the station.通勤上班者涌出车站。■ flood [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to come or go somewhere in large numbers 大量涌入（或涌向）；蜂拥◆Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.难民继续不断涌入邻国。 see also flood ⇨ flood noun 2 NOTE 辨析 Pour or flood?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆Telephone calls came pouring / flooding in from all over the country.电话像潮水般从全国各地打进来。 Pour emphasizes that the action continues over a period of time; flood places more emphasis on the large numbers of people or things involved, especially when the numbers are so large that they cause problems. * pour强调行为持续一段时间，flood则更强调所涉及的人或事物的数目巨大，特别是因数量太大而引发问题。 ■ stream [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of people or things) to move somewhere continuously in large numbers, one after the other in a line （人或事物）鱼贯而行，一个接一个地移动◆He stared out of the window at the cars streaming along the street.他注视着窗外大街上那川流不息的车流。 see also stream ⇨ flow noun ■ pile [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (informal) (of a number of people) to go somewhere quickly without order or control （许多人）蜂拥，拥挤◆The bus finally arrived and we all piled on.公共汽车终于开来了，我们一拥而上。ⓘ Pile is used especially to talk about people getting into a vehicle. * pile尤指人们拥挤着上车。 soar verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ rise 另见rise条soar ♦︎ jump ♦︎ surge ♦︎ spiral ♦︎ rocket ♦︎ leap ♦︎ shoot upThese are all words that can be used when an amount, level or number increases quickly. 这些词均表示急剧上升、猛涨。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to soar / jump / shoot up in price, number, etc.◆to soar / jump / surge / rocket / leap / shoot up (by) 10%, 2 000, etc.◆to soar / jump / rocket / leap / shoot up from 2% to 5%◆the price soars / jumps / surges / spirals / rockets / leaps / shoots up◆the cost soars / jumps / surges / spirals / rockets◆profits soar / jump / surge / leap◆the number / level soars / jumps / shoots up◆to soar / jump / surge / leap / shoot up suddenly◆to jump / surge / leap / shoot up dramatically■ soar [intransitive] (written) to increase very quickly in value, amount or level （价值、数量或水平）急升，猛增◆Soaring costs have made progress difficult.猛增的成本使进展变得困难了。◆Air pollution is set to soar above safety levels.空气污染有可能严重超过安全水平。OPP tumble , plummet ⇨ slump ■ jump [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to increase suddenly and by a large amount 猛涨；猛增◆Prices jumped by 60% last year.去年物价暴涨了60%。OPP slump ⇨ slump ■ surge [intransitive] (especially business 尤用于商业) (of prices, profits or the rate of sth) to suddenly increase in value or level （价格、利润或比率）急剧上升，飞涨，激增◆Profits from cigarettes surged to $225m last year.去年的香烟利润激增至2.25亿元。OPP slump ⇨ slump see also surge ⇨ increase noun ■ spiral / /ˈspaɪrəl/ / (-ll-, NAmE usually -l-) [intransitive] (disapproving) to increase quickly in level or amount （水平或数量）急剧增长◆Prices are spiralling out of control.物价飞涨，失去了控制。ⓘ Spiral is nearly always used with a negative meaning. * spiral几乎总是含有消极意义◆spiralling debt / price / budget deficit激增的债务；飞涨的物价；急剧上升的预算赤字To spiral down/downwards is to decrease rapidly. * spiral down/downwards表示急剧下降◆Shares in the company continued to spiral downwards.公司的股价继续急剧下跌。 ■ rocket [intransitive](of an amount or rate) to increase very quickly and suddenly （数量或比率）快速增长，猛增◆They were forced to move out because of the rocketing crime rate.由于犯罪率猛增，他们被迫搬了出去。OPP plummet ⇨ slump ■ leap (leapt, leapt or leaped, leaped) [intransitive] (often approving) to increase suddenly and by a large amount 猛涨；猛增◆The company saw pre-tax profits leap to £14.5 million in 2004.2004年公司的税前利润骤增到1 450万英镑。OPP plunge ⇨ slump ■ ˌshoot ˈup phrasal verb (shot, shot) (rather informal, often disapproving) to increase suddenly and by a large amount 猛涨；猛增◆Ticket prices shot up last year.去年票价猛涨。NOTE 辨析 Jump, leap or shoot up? Leap is usually used when the increase is seen as a positive thing: profits, shares and prices can leap or jump but costs can only jump. Leap usually suggests a more dramatic, surprising or significant increase. * leap通常指积极的增长，leap或jump可指profit、share和price增长，但jump只能指费用增长。leap通常指一种更加戏剧性、令人吃惊或意义重大的增长◆Raw material costs jumped 1 per cent last month.原材料价格上月涨了1%。◆Raw material costs leaped 1 per cent last month. Shoot up is used in more informal contexts, and especially when the increase is seen as a negative thing. * shoot up用于较为非正式的语境，尤指消极性增长◆Prices / charges / interest rates have shot up.价格／收费／利率暴涨。 increase noun increase ♦︎ growth ♦︎ inflation ♦︎ rise ♦︎ gain ♦︎ surge ♦︎ hike ♦︎ spiral ♦︎ raise ♦︎ upturnThese words all refer to a situation when the amount, level or number of sth goes up. 这些词均表示数量的增加、增长或水平的提高。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / a spiral / an upturn in sth◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike of 20%◆(a) significant / sharp increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) large / considerable / huge / massive increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike◆(a) sudden increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) moderate increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike◆(a) slow / gradual / steady increase / growth / inflation / rise / spiral◆(a) tax / price / wage increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike / raise◆to see an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / an upturn◆to lead to / mean / report an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike◆to cause / represent an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge◆to show an increase / growth / a rise / a gain / a surge■ increase [countable, uncountable] a rise in the amount, number or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆There has been a steady increase in demand for the service.对这种服务的需求稳步增长。◆This year saw an increase of nearly 20% in the number of visitors.今年游客人数增加了近20%。◆The figures show a significant increase on last year's turnover.数据显示营业额比去年有了显著增长。◆Homelessness is on the increase (= increasing).无家可归者越来越多。OPP cut , decrease , reduction ⇨ reduction see also increase in sth ⇨ gain verb 2 , increase ⇨ rise verb ■ growth [uncountable, singular] an increase in the size, amount or degree of sth 增加；增长；增强◆The report links population growth with rural poverty.该报告把人口增长与农村的贫困联系起来。◆The growth in average earnings has remained constant.平均收入保持了连续增长。◆Recent years have seen a huge growth of interest in alternative medicine.近年来人们对替代疗法的兴趣愈加浓厚了。 see also grow ⇨ rise verb ■ inflation / /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a rise in the prices of services and goods in a country, resulting in a fall in the value of money; the rate at which this happens 通货膨胀；通胀率◆The bank is introducing new measures to curb inflation.银行正采取抑制通货膨胀的新措施。◆Wage increases must be in line with inflation.工资的增长必须与通货膨胀一致。◆Inflation is currently running at 3%.当前的通胀率为3%。■ rise [countable] an increase in the number, amount or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆The industry is feeling the effects of recent price rises.该行业已感觉到最近价格上涨的影响。◆There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.失业人数急剧增长。OPP fall , decline , drop ⇨ reduction see also rise ⇨ rise verb NOTE 辨析 Increase, growth or rise?In many cases you can use any of these words. 在许多情况下这三个词可以通用◆a rapid increase / growth / rise in the number of private cars私家车数量的迅速增加 Growth is often uncountable and is used especially to talk about size: population growth is much more typical than 'population increase/rise'. It is also more often used to talk about sth positive. * growth常作不可数名词，尤指规模的增长；population growth比population increase/rise更常用。growth更多指好的增长◆the growth in earnings / employment / demand收入／就业／需求的增长 Increase and rise are often used to talk about more negative things. * increase和rise常指较负面的增长◆an alarming increase / rise in violent crime暴力犯罪惊人的增加 Increase is more general than rise, used for things that increase by themselves or that are increased deliberately by sb. Rise is used more for things that happen to rise, rather than for deliberate increases. Price rises are seen from the point of view of the people buying things, not selling them. Businesses announce price increases; customers feel the effects of price increases/rises. 与rise相比，increase的意思更宽泛，指自身或人为的增长。rise较多指偶然发生的而非人为的增长。price rises表示从买者而非卖者的角度看到的价格上涨。商家宣布提价用 announce price increases表示；消费者感觉到提价的影响用feel the effects of price increases/rises表示。 ■ gain [countable, uncountable] an increase in the amount of sth, especially in wealth or weight （尤指财富或重量的）增值，增加◆a £3 000 gain from our investment从我们的投资中获取的3 000英镑的收益◆Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.经常锻炼是防止体重增加的最佳方法。 OPP loss ⓘ Loss [uncountable, countable] is the state of no longer having sth or as much of sth, or the process that leads to this. * loss指丧失、损失、丢失◆weight loss体重减轻◆loss of blood失血◆The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses.工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。 see also loss ⇨ debt , gain ⇨ gain verb 2 ■ surge / /sɜːdʒ; NAmE sɜːrdʒ/ [countable] a sudden increase that happens in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth （数量的）急剧上升，激增；大量；一大批◆Economists have reported a surge in consumer spending.经济学家通报了消费开支的激增。◆After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.开始时的一阵新鲜劲过后，对我们服务的需求变得很小。 see also surge ⇨ soar verb , surge ⇨ wave noun 2 ■ hike [countable] (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a large or sudden increase that sb makes in prices or taxes （价格或税额的）大幅度提高，猛增◆Higher crude oil prices mean price hikes for consumers too.原油价格的上涨对消费者来说意味着物价也会大幅度提高。◆Borrowers will be hit hard by the latest hike in interest rates.新近利率的大幅上扬将使借款人遭受沉重打击。■ spiral /ˈspaɪrəl/ / [uncountable] a continuous harmful increase in sth, that gradually gets faster and faster 螺旋式上升（指有害的持续加速增长）◆How can we halt the destructive spiral of violence in the inner cities?我们怎样才能遏止内城区日益严重的破坏性暴力行为？◆The country is caught in a vicious spiral of rising wages and prices.该国陷入了工资和物价持续上涨的恶性循环之中。ⓘ Spiral can also be used to talk about a similar harmful decrease in sth. * spiral亦可指类似的有害的下降◆The book gives a harrowing account of a downward spiral of drink, drugs and despair.这本书对从酗酒、吸毒再到绝望的沉沦之路作了令人心痛的描述。 ■ raise [countable] (NAmE) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do 加薪；工资增长◆If I asked my boss for a raise he'd fire me.我要是要求老板加薪，他会解雇我。ⓘ In British English this is called a rise. 在英式英语中表达此义用rise。■ upturn /ˈʌptɜːn; NAmE >ˈʌptɜːrn/ [countable, usually singular] an increase in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes stronger （营业额的）增加，提高；（经济的）回升，好转◆The restaurant trade is on the upturn.餐饮业正在复苏。◆an upturn in the economy经济好转 OPP downturn ⇨ reduction wave2 noun Huge waves were breaking on the shore. 巨浪拍打着海岸。a wave of fear/desire 一阵恐惧／欲望a wave of violence 暴力的浪潮wave ♦︎ rush ♦︎ surge ♦︎ ripple ♦︎ thrillThese are all words for a sudden increase in sth, especially a feeling. 这些词均表示心潮涌动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a wave / rush / surge / ripple / thrill of sth◆a great wave / rush / surge of sth◆a little surge / ripple / thrill of sth◆a sudden wave / rush / surge / thrill of sth◆a wave / rush / surge / ripple / thrill of excitement / pleasure / fear◆a wave / rush / surge of desire / anger / emotion / relief◆a wave / surge / ripple of interest◆to feel a wave / rush / surge / ripple / thrill of sth◆to send a wave / rush / surge / ripple / thrill of sth (through sb / sth)◆a wave / surge / thrill of sth runs through sb / sth◆a wave / surge of sth sweeps over / through sb / sth■ wave [countable] a sudden increase in a feeling 心潮；情感的涌动◆Suddenly a wave of guilt washed over her.她突然感到一股罪恶感。◆Guilt and horror flooded her in waves.歉疚和恐惧一阵阵涌上她的心头。■ rush [singular] a sudden strong feeling or sign of strong feeling 迸发的情绪；情绪迸发◆She felt a rush of blood to her cheeks.她突然感到脸颊一阵发热。◆You often get an adrenalin rush as the race begins.速度比赛开始时，一种亢奋感常常会突然而至。ⓘ In this meaning rush is usually followed by of, except in the phrase adrenalin rush. 表达此义时，rush通常后接of，短语adrenalin rush除外。■ surge /sɜːdʒ; NAmE sɜːrdʒ/ [countable] a sudden strong feeling （强烈感情的）突发◆She felt a sudden surge of anger.她突然感到怒火中烧。◆A huge surge of emotion swept through her.一股强烈的情感传遍她的全身。ⓘ In this meaning surge is usually followed by of, except in the phrase adrenalin surge. 表达此义时，surge通常后接of，短语adrenalin surge（热血沸腾）除外。 see also surge ⇨ increase noun NOTE 辨析 Wave, rush or surge? Wave suggests a feeling that comes, grows stronger, and then grows weaker again. Feelings may come in waves if this experience is repeated several times. Both rush and surge suggest that a feeling comes more suddenly, faster and more strongly than with wave, but it usually comes only once. * wave指情感由弱变强然后渐弱的过程，in waves表示这个感情涨落的过程重复发生。rush和surge均较wave来得更突然、更迅猛，但通常为一次性迸发◆Guilt and horror flooded her in rushes/surges. A rush of feeling may be more sudden than a surge, but a surge may be stronger. * rush可能较surge更突然，但surge可能较强烈。 ■ ripple [countable] (usually followed by of 通常后接of) (written) a feeling that gradually spreads through a person or group of people 逐渐蔓延扩散的感觉◆A ripple of fear passed through him.一股恐惧感传遍了他的全身。◆The announcement sent a ripple of excitement through the crowd.这件事一宣布就在人群里引起了一阵兴奋。■ thrill [countable] (usually followed by of 通常后接of) a sudden feeling that you feel in your body, especially a mixture of excitement and pleasure 一阵强烈的感觉；兴奋；激动◆A thrill of alarm ran through him.一阵惊恐的感觉传遍他的全身。 |