| 例句 |
virus noun
⇨ defect (a computer virus) ⇨ disease (pick up a virus) defect noun defect ♦︎ fault ♦︎ flaw ♦︎ virus ♦︎ bug ♦︎ glitch ♦︎ imperfectionThese are all words for sth that is wrong with sth or in the way it has been made, which means it is not perfect or does not work properly. 这些词均表示缺陷、瑕疵、毛病。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a defect / a fault / a flaw / a virus / a bug / a glitch / an imperfection in sth◆a small / minor defect / fault / flaw / bug / glitch / imperfection◆a major / serious defect / fault / flaw◆a temporary fault / flaw / glitch◆a technical / mechanical defect / fault / flaw / glitch◆a structural / design defect / fault / flaw◆a computer / software fault / virus / bug / glitch◆to have a defect / a fault / a flaw / a virus / a bug / a glitch / an imperfection◆to detect a defect / fault / flaw / virus◆to look for / discover a defect / fault / flaw / bug◆to identify / correct a defect / fault / flaw■ defect / /ˈdiːfekt, dɪˈfekt/ [countable] something that is wrong with a machine, system or part of the body, which means that it is not perfect or unable to work properly （机器、系统或身体部位的）缺陷，瑕疵，毛病◆The manufacturer is responsible for any defects that may cause damage.生产商对产品可能造成损坏的任何瑕疵都负有责任。◆Vulnerable people are going short of money because of defects in the payment system.因为支付系统的缺陷，依赖支付系统的人渐感手头吃紧。◆The drug is widely known to cause birth defects.众所周知，这种药会导致胎儿先天缺陷。 see also defective ⇨ wrong 2 ■ fault [countable] something that is wrong with sth that has been made or created such as a machine or system, which means that it is not perfect or unable to work properly （机器或系统等的）缺陷，毛病，故障◆The book's virtues far outweigh its faults.这本书的优点远远大于其不足。◆There seemed to be some fault with the cooling system.制冷系统好像出了点毛病。◆The healthcare system, for all its faults, is far better than ever before.这个医疗体系虽然有不少缺点，但比过去好多了。◆The fire was caused by an electrical fault.这次火灾是电路故障引起的。◆If a fault develops in the equipment, you can call us 24 hours a day.如果设备出了故障，你24小时都可以打电话找我们。 see also faulty ⇨ wrong 2 NOTE 辨析 Defect or fault?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆a technical / mechanical / structural / design defect / fault技术／机械／结构／设计缺陷A fault can only exist in sth that has been made or created by people, but it can be permanent or temporary, can be present from the beginning or develop later. A defect can exist in part of the body, although it is always present from birth. * fault仅存在于人制作或创造的事物中，可以是永久或暂时的，可以从一开始就存在或后来才出现。defect可指先天的身体缺陷◆birth / congenital / genetic defects先天／遗传性缺陷◆birth/congenital/genetic faults A defect of any kind exists from the beginning and cannot develop later. It might be repaired, but will not just go away, and cannot be called 'temporary'. 任何类型的defect都是从一开始就存在，不可能后来才出现。它有可能被弥补或修正，但不会自行消失，不能称之为“暂时的”◆If a defect develops in the equipment... ◆We're hoping this is just a temporary defect. ■ flaw [countable] a fault in sth that means that it is not correct or does not work properly 错误；缺陷；毛病◆There are some very basic flaws in his argument.他的论点中有一些根本性的错误。◆Engineers have detected serious design flaws.工程师已经检测出一些严重的设计缺陷。▸ flawed adjective ◆a flawed argument有谬误的论点■ virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ / [countable] instructions that are deliberately hidden in a computer program and are designed to cause problems or destroy data in a computer system （计算机程序中的）病毒◆Most viruses can only spread if you open an email attachment.大多数病毒只有在打开电子邮件附件时才会感染。◆My computer has caught some kind of virus, and it won't let me log on to the Internet.我的计算机中了毒，不能上网了。◆anti-virus software (= software that finds and destroys viruses in a computer system) 杀毒软件■ bug [countable] (rather informal) a fault in a machine, especially in a computer program or system （机器）故障；（尤指计算机程序或系统的）缺陷，漏洞◆The latest software is full of bugs.这种最新软件有大量程序错误。◆My computer's really slow at the moment－it must be some kind of bug.我的计算机现在速度特别慢，一定是出了什么故障。■ glitch [countable] (informal) a small problem or fault that stops sth from working properly, especially for just a short time （尤指暂时性的）小故障，小毛病◆It was only a temporary glitch but it could have put people's lives in danger.这虽然是个暂时性的小毛病，但却可能威胁到人的生命。■ imperfection /ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn; NAmE ˌɪmpərˈfekʃn/ [countable, uncountable] a small fault in sth, especially in the appearance of sth, that spoils it slightly and makes it less beautiful or perfect （尤指外表上的）小缺点，瑕疵◆The only slight imperfection in the painting is a scratch in the corner.这幅油画唯一的小瑕疵是边角上有道划痕。◆Nature is full of imperfection.大自然充满了不完美之处。 see also blemish ⇨ mark ▸ imperfect adjective ◆All our sale items are slightly imperfect.我们所有的特价商品都略有瑕疵。 disease noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ illness 另见illness条disease ♦︎ illness ♦︎ disorder ♦︎ infection ♦︎ condition ♦︎ ailment ♦︎ bug ♦︎ complaint ♦︎ virus ♦︎ sicknessThese are all words for a medical problem. 这些词均表示疾病。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / chronic disease / illness / disorder / infection / condition / ailment◆a minor disease / illness / disorder / infection / ailment◆a common / rare disease / illness / disorder / infection / condition / ailment / virus◆an infectious disease / illness / condition / virus◆a childhood disease / illness / disorder / infection / ailment◆to have / suffer from a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / a bug / a complaint / a virus / sickness◆to cause a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / sickness◆to catch / contract / get / pick up a disease / an illness / an infection / a bug / a virus◆to diagnose / treat a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / a virus◆to cure a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment◆to recover from a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a bug / a virus / a sickness◆to die from / of a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / a bug / a virus◆a disease / an illness / an infection / a virus / a sickness spreads■ disease [countable, uncountable] a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection （人类或动植物因感染而引起的）病，疾病◆He suffers from a rare blood disease.他患有一种罕见的血液病。◆The problem was finally diagnosed as heart disease.那个毛病最终诊断为心脏病。◆Measures have been taken to prevent the spread of disease.已经采取了措施预防疾病的传播。■ illness [countable] a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one 病；疾病；患病期◆Have you suffered from any serious illnesses in the past six months?在过去的六个月里你患过什么严重的疾病吗？◆He died after a long illness.他久病不愈而亡。 see also ill ⇨ sick 1 NOTE 辨析 Disease or illness? Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease指较为严重的身体疾病，尤指身体器官的病变；illness既可指较严重的疾病，也可指较轻微的疾病以及精神上的疾病◆heart / kidney / liver disease心脏病；肾病；肝病◆heart/kidney/liver illness ◆mental illness精神病◆mental disease Disease is not used about a period of illness. * disease不指患病期◆He died after a long disease. Illness also means 'the state of being ill'. * illness还可指生病的状态。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ illness 另见illness条 ■ disorder [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly 失调；紊乱；不适◆This is a rare disorder of the liver.这是一种罕见的肝功能紊乱。◆Most people with acute mental disorder can be treated at home.大多数患急性精神紊乱的病人可以在家里接受治疗。ⓘ A disorder is usually not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems. * disorder通常不具传染性，该词最常与有关精神疾病的词连用◆a / an psychiatric / personality / mental / depressive / eating disorder精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；抑郁症；进食失调When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is used most often with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder指身体疾病时最常与blood、bowel和kidney连用，而这些身体疾病多与serious、severe或rare搭配。 ■ infection [countable] an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body 传染病；（身体某部位的）感染◆He's been off work with a throat infection.他因咽喉感染而歇班。◆Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection.打喷嚏是传染疾病的最常见途径。 see also infect ⇨ pass sth on ■ condition [countable] (rather formal) a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it （因无法治愈而长期患有的）疾病◆Does your child have any kind of medical condition that we should know about?你的孩子患有我们应该知晓的长期疾病吗？◆He suffers from a serious heart condition.他患有严重的心脏病。■ ailment [countable] (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious 轻微疾病；微恙◆Below is a list of common childhood ailments.下面是一份儿童期常见轻微病症的清单。■ bug [countable] (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild 轻微传染病；小病◆There's a stomach bug going round (= people are catching it from each other).现在流行一种肠胃传染病。■ complaint [countable] (rather formal) an illness, especially one that is not serious, and often one that affects a particular part of the body （尤指不严重，常影响身体某部位的）疾病◆He suffers from a skin complaint called 'rosacea'.他患有一种叫红斑痤疮的皮肤病。■ virus / /ˈvaɪrəs/ / [countable] (informal) a disease caused by a virus (= a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes infectious disease) 病毒性疾病；病毒病◆There's a virus going around the office.办公室里流行一种病毒性疾病。ⓘ A more formal way of talking about a virus in this meaning is viral infection. 病毒性疾病更为正式的表达方式是viral infection（病毒性感染）。■ sickness [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (in compounds 构成复合词) a particular type of illness or disease ⋯病；⋯症◆Do you need any travel sickness tablets?你需要晕车药片吗？ⓘ Words that form compounds with sickness include altitude, morning, mountain, radiation and travel. 与sickness构成复合词的词有altitude、morning、mountain、radiation和travel。 |