waste noun ⇨waste (industrial waste)⇨desert (the wastes of Siberia)waste verb ⇨waste
waste
noun
waste ♦︎ garbage ♦︎ rubbish ♦︎ trash ♦︎ litter ♦︎ debris ♦︎ scrap ♦︎ refuseThese are all words for things that are no longer needed and are thrown away or left somewhere.这些词均表示废物、垃圾。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆organic waste / garbage / rubbish / debris◆household / domestic waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / refuse◆to dump waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / debris / refuse◆to produce waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / debris◆to take out the garbage / rubbish / trash◆waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / refuse disposal / collection◆a waste / garbage / rubbish / trash dump◆a garbage / rubbish / trash / scrap heap◆a waste / rubbish / trash / litter bin◆a garbage / trash can■waste [uncountable] ( technical术语wastes [plural]) materials that are no longer needed and are thrown away废料；废物；垃圾◆Around four million tons of industrial waste are disposed of each year.每年处理约400万吨工业废料。◆the disposal of toxic / radioactive wastes有毒废物／辐射废料的处理◆Waste water is pumped from the factory into a nearby river.废水从工厂排到附近的河里。■garbage [uncountable] (especially NAmE) waste, especially food and other wet material（尤指食物等湿的）垃圾，废物◆The garbage cans had just been emptied.垃圾箱刚刚清空。◆The canal is full of garbage and bits of wood.运河里尽是些垃圾和碎木头。■rubbish [uncountable] (especially BrE) waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material that is thrown away by individual people and households（尤指纸张、纸板等干的）垃圾，废弃物，生活垃圾◆The streets were littered with rubbish.街上到处是垃圾。◆Over a third of British household rubbish is packaging.英国人的生活垃圾超过三分之一来自于包装。 see also junk ⇨ thing3■trash [uncountable] (NAmE) waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material（尤指纸张、纸板等干的）垃圾，废物◆The subway entrance was blocked with trash.地铁入口处堆满了废物。◆What are these letters doing in the trash?这些信为什么会丢在垃圾里？◆Don't forget to take out the trash.别忘了把垃圾带走。■litter [uncountable] small pieces of rubbish/trash such as paper, cans and bottles, that people have left lying in a public place（丢弃在公共场所的）垃圾，杂物，废弃物（如纸张、罐、瓶等）◆There will be fines for people who drop litter.乱扔垃圾的人将处罚款。■debris / /ˈdebriː, ˈdeɪbriː; NAmEdəˈbriː/ [uncountable] (formal) pieces of material that are left somewhere where they are not wanted残渣；废弃物；垃圾◆Clear away leaves and other garden debris from the pond.把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。■scrap [uncountable] things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose, but which have some value for the material they are made of（可加以利用的）废料，废品◆We sold the car for scrap(= so that any good parts could be used again).我们把车卖废品了。◆scrap metal / iron废金属；废铁 see also scrap ⇨ remove1■refuse /ˈrefjuːs/ / [uncountable] (formal) waste material that has been thrown away废弃物；垃圾◆Domestic refuse can be burnt to produce electricity.生活垃圾可以焚烧以发电。NOTE辨析 Waste, garbage, rubbish, trash or refuse?Rubbish is the usual word in British English for the things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them. Garbage and trash are both used in American English. Inside the home, garbage tends to mean waste food and other wet material; trash more often refers to paper, cardboard and dry material, although you can in fact use either word for either type of waste. Waste is used especially when it is considered in very large amounts, and is not often used in the context of the home. It is a general word which can also refer to the solids and liquids that the human body no longer needs.在英式英语中，表示垃圾或废物的常用词是rubbish。garbage和trash皆用于美式英语。在家居生活中，garbage常常指残羹剩饭等湿润的废弃物，trash常指纸张、纸板等干燥的废物，尽管两个词也可以通用。waste尤指大量的垃圾，不常用于家庭生活的语境。waste含义很广，还可指人体的排泄物◆There were no toilet facilities and no way to dispose of human waste in a sanitary manner.没有卫生间设备，因此无法卫生地处理排泄物。In British English you put your rubbish in a dustbin in the street to be collected by the dustmen. In American English your garbage and trash go in a garbage/trash can in the street and is collected by garbage men/collectors. Refuse is a formal word and is used in both British and American English. Refuse collector is the formal word for a dustman or garbage collector.在英式英语中，垃圾是rubbish，街上的垃圾箱是dustbin，清理垃圾的人是dustman。在美式英语中，垃圾是garbage或trash，街上的垃圾箱是garbage/trash can，清理垃圾的人是garbage man/collector。refuse一词用法正式，在英式英语和美式英语中均可使用，refuse collector与dustman或garbage collector同义，但用法正式。 see also junk ⇨ thing3
desert
noun
desert ♦︎ wilderness ♦︎ bush ♦︎ wasteland ♦︎ the wilds ♦︎ no-man's land ♦︎ the outback ♦︎ dust bowl ♦︎ wastesThese words all mean a large area of land where very few people live or can survive.这些词均表示荒凉之地。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in / into the desert / the wilderness / the bush / the wilds / no-man's land / the outback◆across the desert / no-man's land / the outback◆arid / barren / arctic / frozen desert / wilderness / wasteland / wastes◆the Australian desert / wilderness / bush / outback◆the African desert / wilderness / bush◆a cultural desert / wasteland◆to become a desert / wasteland■desert [countable, uncountable] a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand.沙漠；荒漠；荒原◆the Sahara Desert撒哈拉大沙漠◆Somalia is mostly desert.索马里大部分地区都是荒漠。◆They travelled many miles across burning desert sands.他们在灼热的沙漠里行走了许多英里。■wilderness / /ˈwɪldənəs; NAmEˈwɪldərnəs/ [countable, usually singular] a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there; a place that people do not take care of or control荒原；野地；荒芜的地方◆The Antarctic is the world's last great wilderness.南极洲是世界上最后一个大荒原。◆ (NAmE) The US Department of Agriculture designated the land a wilderness area(= where it is not permitted to build houses or roads) in 1978.1978年美国农业部将这片土地划定为自然环境保留地区。◆That part of the city is a wilderness of run-down houses and derelict factories.该市的那一区域很荒僻，到处是破败的住房和废弃的工厂。■bush (often常作the bush) [uncountable] an area of wild land that has not been cleared, especially in Africa and Australia（尤指非洲和澳大利亚的）荒野◆Children are taught from an early age how to survive in the bush.孩子们从小就学习在荒野中求生的方法。■wasteland /ˈweɪstlænd/ / [countable, uncountable] an area of land that cannot be used or that is no longer used for building or growing things on荒地；不毛之地；废弃地◆City life could be improved by turning urban wastelands into parks.把城市的废弃土地改造成公园能够使城市生活得到改善。◆The film was shot in the desert wasteland of southern California.这部影片在加利福尼亚州南部的荒漠里拍摄。■the wilds [plural] areas of a country far from towns or cities, where few people live偏远地区；人烟稀少的地区◆It's a true tale of survival in the wilds of Alaska.这是一个在阿拉斯加人烟稀少的地区求生的真实故事。◆ (humorous) They live on a farm somewhere out in the wilds.他们住在边远地区的一个农场里。■ˈno-man's land [uncountable, singular] an area of land between the borders of two countries or between two armies, that is not controlled by either（边境的）无人区域；（两军之间的）无人地带◆He led his platoon across no-man's land.他率领一排士兵越过了无人地带。■the outback [countable, singular] the area of Australia that is a long way from the coast and the towns, where few people live（澳大利亚的）内地，内陆地区◆They live an isolated life in the outback of New South Wales.他们在新南威尔士州的内陆地区过着与世隔绝的生活。■ˈdust bowl [countable, usually singular] an area of land that has recently been turned into desert by lack of rain or too much farming风沙侵蚀区；干旱尘暴区◆Many families struggled to survive in the Oklahoma Dust Bowl of the 1930s.20世纪30年代，许多家庭在俄克拉何马州的风沙侵蚀区苦苦挣扎求生。■wastes [plural] (formal) a large area of land where there are very few people, animals or plants荒原；荒芜地区；人烟稀少的地区◆Millions of people were exiled to the frozen wastes of Siberia.数百万人被流放到西伯利亚的冻土荒原。
waste
verb
waste ♦︎ lose ♦︎ throw sth away ♦︎ squander ♦︎ blow ♦︎ splurgeThese words all mean to use or spend a lot of sth, especially on sth that is not necessary or useful.这些词均表示浪费、挥霍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to waste / lose / throw away / squander / blow / splurge sth on sth◆to waste / lose / throw away / squander / blow / splurge money◆to waste / lose / throw away / squander / blow a fortune◆to waste / lose / throw away / squander / blow a / an chance / opportunity◆to waste / throw away / squander your life■waste [transitive] (disapproving) to use more money, time, food, energy, etc. than is necessary or useful; to not make good or full use of a person or opportunity; to offer or say sth good where it is not valued浪费（金钱、时间、食物、精力等）；未充分利用（某人或机会）；白费（好意）◆Why waste money on clothes you don't need?为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？◆You're wasting your time trying to explain it to him(= because he will not understand).你跟他解释是在浪费时间。◆His talents are wasted in that job.他做那工作太屈才了。◆You're wasted as a sales manager－you should have been an actor.你做销售经理太可惜了－你应该当演员。◆Don't waste your sympathy on her－she got what she deserved.别把你的同情心浪费在她身上－她是咎由自取。 see also wasteful ⇨ extravagant▸waste
noun
[uncountable, singular] ◆I hate unnecessary waste.我讨厌不必要的浪费。◆I hate to see good food go to waste(= be thrown away).我不愿看到好好的食物被扔掉。◆These meetings are a complete waste of time.开这样的会完全是浪费时间。■lose(lost, lost) [transitive] to waste time, money or an opportunity浪费（时间或金钱）；错过（机会）◆We lost twenty minutes changing a tyre.我们换轮胎耽误了二十分钟。◆Hurry－there's no time to lose.快点－没时间了。◆We lost a lot of money on that deal.那笔买卖我们赔了不少钱。ⓘ Lose in this meaning is less disapproving than waste: it often suggests that time or money has been wasted through an unfortunate accident rather than through sb's fault.表达此义时，lose较waste所含贬义少，常指时间或金钱的浪费不是某人的过错造成，而是不幸事故所致。■ˌthrow sth aˈway
phrasal verb
(threw, thrown) (ratherinformal, disapproving) to waste your life or an opportunity or money in a stupid or careless way浪费（生命）；错过（机会）；白费（金钱）◆You had everything you ever wanted and you threw it all away.你曾有过你想要的一切，却都一一浪费了。◆The team threw away a three-goal lead.这个队白白失去了领先三个球的优势。■squander /ˈskwɒndə(r); NAmEˈskwɑːndər/ [transitive] (disapproving) to waste money, time, energy or an opportunity in a stupid or careless way浪费，挥霍（金钱、时间、精力或机会）◆The company squandered millions on two dead-end projects.这家公司在两个没有前途的项目上浪费了数百万。◆The team squandered several good scoring chances.这个队白白断送了几次得分的良机。■blow(blew, blown) [transitive] (informal, disapproving) to waste money or an opportunity in a stupid or careless way挥霍（金钱）；浪费（机会）◆He inherited over a million dollars and blew it all on drink and gambling.他继承了一百多万元，全都挥霍在酗酒和赌博上了。◆You had your chance and you blew it.你本来有机会，但却没有抓住。NOTE辨析 Throw sth away, squander or blow?Blow is the most informal of these and squander the least. Throw away is used less to talk about money and more to talk about other things. Blow is mostly used to talk about money and in the phrases blow your chances and blow it. * blow是这组词里最不正式的，squander是最正式的。throw away较少指浪费金钱，较多指浪费其他东西。blow最常指挥霍钱财，也常用于短语blow your chances和blow it中。■splurge [transitive, intransitive] (informal, sometimesdisapproving) to spend a lot of money at one time on sth that you do not really need乱花钱；糟蹋钱；挥霍◆He splurged his whole week's wages on a champagne dinner.整整一周的工资，他一顿香槟晚餐就挥霍得一干二净。