whole ♦︎ full ♦︎ total ♦︎ entire ♦︎ completeThese words all describe sth which is as big as it can or should be.这些词均表示全部的、完全的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a whole / a full / an entire / a complete day / set◆the whole / full / complete truth / story◆full / complete details◆full / a total membership◆your whole / a full / your entire life◆the whole / total / entire population◆unusually / nearly / fairly / reasonably full / complete◆almost full / total / complete■whole [only before noun] used to emphasize that all of sth is involved; used to emphasize how large or important sth is全部的；完全的；整个的◆We drank a whole bottle each.我们每人都喝了整整一瓶。◆The whole country(= all the people in it) mourned her death.举国都为她的逝世哀悼。◆She wasn't telling the whole truth.她没有把实情都讲出来。◆Let's forget the whole thing.咱们彻底忘掉这件事吧。◆We offer a whole variety of weekend breaks.我们提供的周末假日活动丰富多彩，一应俱全。◆I can't afford it－that's the whole point(= that's exactly what I've been trying to explain).我买不起，没有其他理由。■full [usually before noun] including everyone, everything or every part; to the highest level or greatest amount possible全部的；详尽的；最大程度的◆A full refund will be given if the item is faulty.货品有瑕疵将全额退款。◆The address must be printed in full.地址必须用正体详细填写。◆Many people don't use their computers to their full potential.许多人没有使用计算机的全部功能。◆Students should take full advantage of the college's facilities.学生应该充分利用大学的设施。◆measures to achieve full employment达至充分就业的措施◆I've always believed in living life to the full.我一直有个信念，那就是生活要尽量充实。 see also fully ⇨ quite2, full name ⇨ name■total [usually before noun] being the amount or number after everyone or everything is counted or added together总的；总计的◆The total profit was more than £500.利润总额超过500英镑。◆The club has a total membership of about 300.这家俱乐部的会员总数约300名。 see also total ⇨ completeadj., total ⇨ beverb, total ⇨ countverb, totally ⇨ quite2▸total
noun
[countable] ◆You got 47 points in the last game and 18 in this one, making a total of 65.你上场比赛得了47分，这场得了18分，总计65分。◆Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.总共15场比赛，他们只胜了两场。◆The repairs come to over £500 in total(= including everything).修理费总共超过500英镑。■entire / /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/ / [only before noun] used to emphasize that all of sth is involved, especially when this is a bad thing（尤指坏事情所影响的范围）全部的，整个的◆I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense!我一生中从未听到过这样的废话！◆The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.这种疾病有可能毁灭整个族群。 see also entirely ⇨ quite2NOTE辨析 Whole or entire?Entire emphasizes sth more strongly than whole and is used especially to emphasize how bad sth is. * entire较whole语气更强，尤用于强调糟糕的程度◆I wasted a whole / an entire day on it.我为此浪费了整整一天。◆We spent the whole day on the beach.我们在海滩上待了一整天。◆We spent the entire day on the beach.■completeincluding all the parts that are necessary全部的；完整的◆A complete guide to events in Oxford is available from the office.详列牛津所有活动的指南可以到办公室领取。◆the complete works of Tolstoy托尔斯泰全集OPPincomplete ⇨ partial
thing2
noun
a lot of things to do有很多事情要做Pass me that thing.把那件东西递给我。your swimming things/all things Japanese游泳用品；所有日本的东西thing ♦︎ object ♦︎ whole ♦︎ item ♦︎ entity ♦︎ artefact ♦︎ commodity ♦︎ thingyThese are all words for sth which can be seen and touched, but is not alive and which you do not name.这些词均表示物品、东西。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a precious / valuable thing / object / item / artefact / commodity◆an expensive thing / item / artefact / commodity◆a rare thing / object / item / artefact / commodity◆a single thing / object / whole / item / entity◆a physical thing / object / item / entity◆a basic thing / object / item / entity / commodity◆a separate thing / object / item / entity◆everyday / household objects / items◆a historical object / item / artefact◆to produce / manufacture a thing / an object / an item / an artefact / a commodity■thing [countable] something whose name you do not use because you do not need to or want to, or because you do not know it; something that is not alive in the way that people and plants are东西；物件；物品◆Can you pass me that thing over there?把那边那个东西递给我好吗？◆She's very fond of sweet things(= sweet foods).她非常喜欢吃甜食。◆He's just bought one of those exercise things.他刚买了一件健身器材。◆Turn that thing off while I'm talking to you!我和你谈话时把那个玩意儿关掉！◆Don't treat her like that－she's a person, not a thing!别那样对待她，她是人，不是物品！◆He's good at making things with his hands.他善于手工制作物品。 see also stuff ⇨ material■object [countable] a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive物体；物品；东西◆He uses everyday objects to teach basic scientific principles to the kids.他用日常用品教孩子们基本的科学原理。◆Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves.架子上排列着玻璃和塑料制品。NOTE辨析 Thing or object?Thing is a much more general word than object. An object is usually a fairly solid thing, in three dimensions(= it is not flat), that is not going to get used up quickly: food, drink and sheets of paper are not objects, although sth made out of paper might be. Object is used especially when you do not know exactly what sth is, or when you are talking about a whole group of things that do not have enough in common to be called by a more particular word. * thing比object含义宽泛得多。object通常是相当稳固的、立体的，不会很快用完的东西。食品、饮料和纸张不是object，尽管有些纸制的东西可能是。object尤用于不知究竟为何物时，或谈论一整组没有太多共同点、不能用一个更具体的词指称的东西◆This looks a very unusual object. What is it exactly?这东西看起来很不寻常。它究竟是什么？◆Furniture and other household objects were piled up outside the house.家具及其他家居用品堆放在屋外。In this example, the objects could include lamps, cushions, a vacuum cleaner and other things from around the house that do not come under the term 'furniture'.上面例句中的objects可能包括灯、靠垫、吸尘器及房子里其他不属于家具的东西。■whole [countable] a thing that is complete in itself整个；整体◆Four quarters make a whole.四个四分之一构成一个整体。◆The subjects of the curriculum form a coherent whole.课程中的科目构成了一个有机的整体。◆The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole(= as one thing, not as separate parts or regions).这次庆典活动对我们城市乃至整个国家都将意义重大。■item [countable] a single thing, considered separately from other similar things一件商品（或物品）◆Can I pay for each item separately?我能否按件分别付钱？◆The computer was my largest single item of expenditure.电脑是我花钱最多的一件东西。◆This clock is a collector's item(= because it is rare and valuable).这座钟是珍藏。■entity / /ˈentəti/ / [countable] (formal) something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity独立存在物；实体◆The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate entity.这个单位已附属于一个更大的部门，不再作为一个实体独立存在。◆Each subsidiary of the company will be treated as a single entity.公司的每一个子公司将被视为单一实体。■artefact ( artifact, especially in NAmE) / /ˈɑːtɪfækt; NAmEˈɑːrtɪfækt/ [countable] (technical术语) an object that is made by a person, especially sth of historical or cultural interest（尤指有历史或文化价值的）人工制品，手工艺品◆The museum has a superb collection of ancient artefacts from Nubia.那座博物馆珍藏了一批古代努比亚手工艺精品。■commodity /kəˈmɒdəti; NAmEkəˈmɑːdəti/ [countable] (ratherformal) a thing that is useful or has a useful quality有用的东西；有使用价值之物◆Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted in the West.水很宝贵，但西方人往往意识不到这一点。■thingy /ˈθɪŋi/ / [countable] (informal, spoken) used to refer to a person or thing whose name you do not know or have forgotten, or which you do not want to mention（指不知道、忘记或不想提及其名的）某某，那个人，那东西◆This new multimedia thingy means you can research things a lot more easily.这个新的多媒体玩意儿意味着做研究可以容易多了。