official ♦︎ officer ♦︎ councillor ♦︎ councilman/councilwoman ♦︎ mayor ♦︎ commissioner ♦︎ civil servant ♦︎ secretary ♦︎ bureaucratThese are all words for sb who works in a government department or a large organization, especially in a position of authority.这些词均表示政府部门的官员或大机构的高级职员。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a senior official / officer / councillor / civil servant / bureaucrat◆a chief official / officer / commissioner / civil servant / secretary◆a junior official / officer / civil servant◆a deputy officer / mayor / commissioner / secretary◆a local official / officer / councillor / councilman / mayor / commissioner / civil servant / bureaucrat / secretary◆a regional / district official / officer / commissioner / secretary◆a city / town official / councillor / councilman / mayor◆a public official / officer◆a government official / officer / bureaucrat◆a party official / bureaucrat / secretary◆a union official / officer / secretary◆to appoint an official / an officer / a commissioner◆to elect (sb as) a councillor / mayor / councilman◆to serve as an officer / a councillor / a councilman / mayor / a commissioner / secretary■official [countable] a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization or a government department（政府部门的）官员；（大机构的）高级职员◆A senior official in the State Department issued a statement.国务院的一名高级官员发表了一份声明。■officer [countable] (often in compounds常构成复合词) an official（政府部门的）官员；（大机构的）高级职员◆The charity has a full-time press officer working with the national newspapers.这家慈善机构设有一名全职新闻主任，负责跟全国性报纸沟通。◆the company's Chief Executive / Financial Officer(= CEO / CFO)公司的首席执行官／财务总监NOTE辨析 Official or officer?Official is a general word which can refer to any person in a position of authority. * official含义很广，可指任何身居要位的人◆government / bank / Olympic officials政府官员；银行高级职员；奥运会官员Officer is often part of a job title for a particular position. * officer常用以构成某一特定职位的名称◆an environmental health officer环境卫生专员◆the chief medical officer医疗总监■councillor (NAmE alsocouncilor) / /ˈkaʊnsələ(r)/ / [countable] a member of a council(= a group of people who are elected to govern an area); used as a title市议员；政务委员会委员；议员，委员（用作头衔）◆Councillor Bob Harris鲍勃•哈里斯委员◆Talk to your city councillor about the problem.关于这个问题，可与你那里的政务委员谈一谈。◆ (BrE) She served as a Conservative councillor for Harwich for many years.她曾担任哈里奇的保守党议员多年。■ˈcouncilman■ˈcouncilwoman ( Councilman, Councilwoman) [countable] (NAmE) a councillor市议员；政务委员会委员◆'This is a first for the city,' said Councilman Wallis.“这对本城来说是前所未有的。”沃利斯议员说。■mayor ( Mayor) / /meə(r); NAmEˈmeɪər/ [countable] the head of a town, borough or county council; the head of the government of a town or city镇长；市长；郡长◆He became the first directly elected mayor of London in 2000.他在2000年成为伦敦首位直选市长。■commissioner ( Commissioner) /kəˈmɪʃənə(r)/ / [countable] a member of a commission(= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out sth)（委员会的）委员，专员，特派员◆a commissioner for the Central Collegiate Hockey Association中部大学曲棍球协会委员◆The merger has been referred to the European Competition Commissioner.这个并购项目已提交欧洲竞争委员会委员审查。■ˌcivil ˈservant / /ˌsɪvl ˈsɜːvənt/ / [countable] a person who works in the civil service(= the government departments in a country), as a paid official, rather than as an elected politician（政府的）公务员，文职人员◆The committee will question a number of ministers and high-ranking civil servants.委员会将对几位部长和高级公务员提出质询。■secretary [countable] an official of a club, society, political party or trade union, who deals with writing letters, keeping records and making business arrangements; (in Britain) an assistant of a government minister or an ambassador, either a senior civil servant or a junior minister（俱乐部、社团、政党或工会的）干事，文书；（英国的大臣或大使的）助理◆She served as club secretary for 25 years.她任俱乐部文书25年。◆Anyone interested in joining the society should contact membership secretary Bob Barwood.有意加入本社团者请与组织干事鲍勃•巴伍德联系。◆He had talks with the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.他与财政部首席大臣进行了会谈。■bureaucrat /ˈbjʊərəkræt; NAmEˈbjʊræt/ [countable] (oftendisapproving) an official working in an organization or a government department, especially one who follows rules too strictly官僚◆He was just another faceless bureaucrat.他无非是一个毫无个性的官僚。 see also bureaucracy ⇨ authorities, bureaucracy ⇨ bureaucracy