| 例句 |
criminal noun
⇨ criminalcriminal adj.
⇨ illegal (a criminal offence) ⇨ outrageous (a criminal waste) criminal noun criminal ♦︎ offender ♦︎ culprit ♦︎ sinner ♦︎ felon ♦︎ crook ♦︎ delinquentThese are all words for a person who does sth that is wrong, dishonest or against the law. 这些词均表示犯错的人、罪犯、违法者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a convicted / habitual criminal / offender / felon◆to catch a criminal / an offender / the culprit / a crook◆to identify / apprehend a criminal / an offender / a culprit◆to convict / sentence a criminal / an offender◆to punish criminals / offenders / the culprit / sinners / felons■ criminal [countable] a person who commits a crime 罪犯◆Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do).社会不知道怎样处置惯犯。◆I was treated just like a common criminal.我受到如同普通罪犯一般的对待。◆ (BrE) Sending these youngsters to prison simply trains them to become professional criminals.把这些年轻人送进监狱简直是培训他们成为职业罪犯。◆ (NAmE) career criminals职业罪犯■ offender [countable] (rather formal) a person who commits a crime; a person or thing that does sth wrong 犯罪者；违法者；祸害◆He spent some time in a young offender institution.他在青少年罪犯管教所待了一些时间。◆First offenders (= people who had never committed a crime before this one) were treated more leniently.以前对待初犯者较为宽大。◆He favours tougher punishments for repeat offenders (= people who commit the same crime more than once).他赞成对累犯者处以更严厉的惩罚。◆Child protection groups are calling for a national register of sex offenders (= people found guilty of illegal sexual acts).儿童保护团体要求在全国范围内对性犯罪者做登记。◆When it comes to pollution, the chemical industry is a major offender.谈到环境污染问题，化工产业是一大祸害。NOTE 辨析 Criminal or offender? Criminal suggests that not only has sb committed a crime, but that they have a tendency to commit crimes. Offender simply means that sb has broken the law at least once. For example, a driver who has broken the speed limit is an offender, but you would not call them a criminal. Offender is the word that is preferred by people whose job involves dealing with people who break the law. * criminal指已经犯罪且有犯罪倾向的人。offender仅指至少违法一次的人。例如，超速的司机是offender，但不会称之为criminal。offender是与违法者打交道的人偏好使用的词。■ culprit / /ˈkʌlprɪt/ / [countable] a person who has done sth wrong or against the law; a person or thing responsible for causing a problem 犯错的人；罪犯；罪魁祸首◆The police quickly identified the real culprits.警方很快查出了真正的罪犯。◆The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques.当前这场危机的罪魁祸首似乎是现代农业技术。NOTE 辨析 offender or culprit? Culprit is nearly always used after the, because it is used to talk about the person, people or thing responsible for a particular thing that has happened. The most common adjectives used for describing a culprit are biggest, main, major, prime, real and worst. Offender can also be used in this way, although it is a little more formal than culprit. * culprit几乎总是用于定冠词the之后，因其指的是对发生的特定事件负责的人或事物。最常用于描述culprit的形容词是biggest、main、major、prime、real和worst。offender亦可这样用，但是它比culprit稍为正式。■ sinner [countable] (formal) a person who has committed a sin or sins (= broken God's law) 罪人◆God forgives all sinners who repent.上帝原谅所有忏悔的罪人。■ felon / /ˈfelən/ / [countable] (especially NAmE, law 法律) a person who has committed a felony (= a serious crime such as murder or rape) 重罪犯◆The law requires convicted felons entering the state to register their address with the police.这项法律要求进入该州的已定罪重犯向警方登记住址。■ crook / /krʊk/ / [countable] (informal) a dishonest person, especially one who steals money 骗子（尤指偷钱者）◆That salesman is a real crook.那个推销员真是个骗子。◆The film portrays a world of small-time crooks, petty crime and drinking clubs.那部电影描绘的世界里有不高明的骗子、不严重的犯罪和饮酒俱乐部。■ delinquent / /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ / [countable] (rather formal) a person, especially a young person, who shows a tendency to commit crime 有违法倾向者（尤指青少年）◆What can be done to help these juvenile deliquents turn away from crime?可以做点什么来帮助这些少年犯远离犯罪？ illegal adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ wrong 4 另见wrong条第4义illegal ♦︎ criminal ♦︎ unlawful ♦︎ unconstitutional ♦︎ illicit ♦︎ punishable ♦︎ illegitimate ♦︎ delinquent ♦︎ pirateThese words all describe people, things or activities that are not allowed, especially by law. 这些词均表示不合法的、违法的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an illegal / a criminal / an unlawful / an unconstitutional / an illicit / a delinquent act◆illegal / criminal / unlawful / illicit / delinquent activity / conduct◆illegal / criminal / unlawful / illicit possession of drugs / weapons◆an illegal / illicit substance / drug◆a criminal / a punishable offence◆criminal / unlawful violence■ illegal not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆Most of these jobs are done by illegal immigrants.这些工作大多由非法移民来做。◆It's illegal to drive through a red light.开车闯红灯是违法行为。ⓘ Illegal can be used either before a noun or after a linking verb. Common collocates are dumping, gambling, possession, practices, trade, transactions, exports and payments. It is most common for illegal to be used to describe an activity, but it can also be used to describe a thing or person, especially in the phrases illegal drugs/substances/organizations/immigrants. * illegal既可用在名词前，也可用在连系动词后。常见搭配词有dumping、gambling、possession、practice、trade、transaction、export和payment。illegal最常用于描述活动，但也可描述事物或人，尤用于短语illegal drugs/substances/organizations/immigrants（违禁药物／物品；非法组织／移民）。 OPP legal ⇨ legal ▸ illegally adverb ◆an illegally parked car违章停放的汽车◆He entered the country illegally.他通过非法途径进入了这个国家。■ criminal [usually before noun] (rather formal or law 法律) connected with or involving crime 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的◆It should be a criminal offence to inflict cruelty on any wild animal.虐待任何野生动物都应属犯罪。◆He had three criminal convictions and a history of violence.他有三项犯罪记录，还有过暴力行为。ⓘ Criminal is used in legal contexts, mainly to talk about acts. Common collocates of criminal are activity, acts, assault, behaviour, charges, conviction, damage, gang, negligence, offence, sexual conduct, violence and wrongdoing. * criminal用于法律语境，主要描述行为。常见搭配词有 activity、acts、assault、behaviour、charges、conviction、damage、gang、negligence、offence、sexual conduct、violence和wrongdoing。 see also crime ⇨ crime 1 ▸ criminally adverb ◆The owners were very negligent but they were not criminally negligent (= their negligence was not a crime).这些业主严重疏忽大意，但尚未构成过失罪。■ unlawful (formal or law 法律) not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆The jury returned a verdict of unlawful killing.陪审团作出了非法杀人的有罪判决。ⓘ Unlawful is used in legal contexts, especially to talk about acts that would be allowed by law in a different situation. Common collocates are acts, conduct, killing, means, possession, sex, violence and wounding. * unlawful用于法律语境，尤用来描述换一种情况则可能合法的行为。常见搭配词有acts、conduct、killing、means、possession、sex、violence和wounding。 OPP lawful ⇨ legal ■ unconstitutional / /ˌʌnˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl; NAmE ˌʌnˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənl/ not allowed by the constitution of a country or organization 违背宪法的；违反宪章（或章程）的◆The judges declared the decision unconstitutional.法官宣布该决议违宪。ⓘ A constitution is the system or laws and basic principles that a country or organization is governed by. * constitution指国家宪法或组织章程。 OPP constitutional ⇨ legal ■ illicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ / not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆They do not support any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.他们不支持任何涉及违禁药物的行为。ⓘ Illicit is usually used to talk about drugs, and activities connected with them. You can also talk about illicit sex, but while illegal sex is not allowed by law, illict sex is legal, but not approved of by the normal rules of society. * illicit通常用于描述药物和与药物相关的非法活动。还可以说illicit sex，指不犯法但违背社会常规的不正当性行为；illegal sex则指不合法的性行为。■ punishable (of a crime) that can be punished, especially by law （罪行）可以惩罚的；（尤指）应法办的◆This is a crime punishable by / with imprisonment.这是可判监禁的罪行。◆Giving false information to the police is a punishable offence.向警方谎报情况是应受惩处的罪行。■ illegitimate / /ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət/ / (formal) not allowed by a particular set of rules or by law 不符合规定的；非法的◆He has been accused of illegitimate use of company property.他被控违规使用公司财产。 OPP legitimate ⇨ legal ■ delinquent / /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ / (rather formal) (especially of young people or their behaviour) showing a tendency to commit crimes （尤指青年人或其行为）有违法倾向的◆She spent a year in an institution for delinquent teenagers.她在青少年管教所待过一年。 see also delinquency ⇨ crime 1 ■ pirate / /ˈpaɪrət/ / [only before noun](of copies of books, CDs, DVDs, etc.) made and sold illegally; (of a radio station) broadcasting illegally （书、光盘等）盗版的；（电台）非法播音的◆a pirate CD / video / DVD / cassette / edition / copy / recording盗版激光唱片／录像带／数字影碟／卡式磁带／版本／复制品／录音制品◆a pirate radio station非法电台 outrageous adjective outrageous ♦︎ shocking ♦︎ disgraceful ♦︎ shameful ♦︎ criminal ♦︎ scandalous ♦︎ deplorable ♦︎ unforgivableThese words all describe actions, behaviour and situations that shock you and are unacceptable. 这些词均表示行为、表现和情形令人震惊且无法接受的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be outrageous / shocking / disgraceful / shameful / scandalous / deplorable / unforgivable that...◆outrageous / shocking / disgraceful / shameful / criminal / scandalous / deplorable behaviour◆an outrageous / a shocking / a disgraceful / a shameful / a criminal / a scandalous waste◆an outrageous / a shocking / a scandalous story◆a shocking / disgraceful / shameful / scandalous / deplorable situation / condition◆a shocking / disgraceful / shameful / criminal / deplorable state◆quite outrageous / shocking / disgraceful / deplorable / unforgivable◆utterly outrageous / disgraceful / scandalous / deplorable◆absolutely outrageous / shocking / disgraceful / scandalous■ outrageous / /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/ / that offends or upsets you because you think it is morally wrong 令人气愤的；惹人憎恶的；无法容忍的◆'That's outrageous!' he protested.“简直骇人听闻！”他抗议说。◆She thought it absolutely outrageous that he should be promoted over her.他竟然提升为她的上司，她觉得是可忍孰不可忍。 see also outrage ⇨ anger noun , outrage ⇨ anger verb , outraged ⇨ furious ▸ outrageously adverb ◆They behaved outrageously.他们的行为表现让人难以容忍。◆The meal was outrageously expensive.这顿饭贵得吓人。■ shocking that offends or upsets you because it is morally wrong or very serious 令人气愤的；惹人憎恶的；骇人听闻的◆What a shocking waste of money!如此挥霍，令人咋舌！◆Today we reveal the shocking truth about heroin addiction among the young.今天我们披露年轻人服用海洛因成瘾这一骇人的真实情况。 see also shock ⇨ offend verb ▸ shockingly adverb ◆a shockingly high mortality rate高得惊人的死亡率NOTE 辨析 Outrageous or shocking?To talk about behaviour or actions that you think are morally wrong you can use either word. 描述不道德的行为时，用这两个词均可◆outrageous / shocking behaviour令人愤慨的行为◆a / an outrageous / shocking act / waste / story / suggestion骇人听闻的行为；令人咋舌的浪费；耸人听闻的故事；极端无礼的暗示If you are offended by sth because it seems unfair to you personally, use outrageous. 遇到对你个人来说似乎是不公平的事，因而感到气愤时，用outrageous◆She thought it shocking that he should be promoted over her. For situations that are very serious or dangerous, use shocking. 描述非常严重或危险的情况用shocking◆the outrageous truth about heroin addiction ■ disgraceful very bad or unacceptable; that people should feel ashamed about 不光彩的；可耻的；丢脸的◆It's disgraceful that none of the family tried to help her.家里竟无人肯帮助她，太不像话了。 see also disgrace ⇨ disgrace noun 1 2 ▸ disgracefully adverb ◆He considered that Liza was behaving disgracefully.他认为莉莎的行为很不光彩。■ shameful (rather formal) disgraceful 不光彩的；可耻的；丢脸的◆It was shameful the way she was treated.她竟然受到那样的对待，太不像话了。◆We reveal one of the most shameful secrets of modern US history.我们揭露了美国现代史上最可耻的一个秘密。 see also shame ⇨ disgrace noun 2 ▸ shamefully adverb ◆The buildings have been shamefully neglected.这些大楼一直无人照管，真不像话。NOTE 辨析 Shameful or disgraceful? Disgraceful is more frequent in spoken English than shameful, especially in British English. Shameful, but not disgraceful, is used to describe secrets and people's secret thoughts. 与shameful相比，disgraceful较常用在口语中，在英式英语中尤其如此。描述secret和secret thought用shameful，不用disgraceful。■ criminal that you think is morally wrong 道德上错误的；不道德的◆This is a criminal waste of resources.这是一种浪费资源的可耻行为。 see also crime ⇨ disgrace noun 1 ■ scandalous that offends you because you think it is morally wrong 令人气愤的；可耻的；不可原谅的◆It is scandalous that he has not been punished.他没有受到惩罚，天理难容啊。◆The decision is nothing short of scandalous.这个决定实在令人愤慨。ⓘ Scandalous actions and situations are ones that you think are actually immoral, rather than ones that you think are unfair to you personally. They often involve people with power or money being treated much better than other people. * scandalous指行为和情形有违道德，而非仅对你个人不公；常指有钱或有势的人待遇要好得多，令人愤慨。▸ scandalously adverb ◆scandalously low pay低得令人愤慨的工资■ deplorable / /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/ / (formal) very bad and unacceptable, often in a way that shocks people 糟透的；令人震惊的；令人愤慨的◆They were living in the most deplorable conditions.他们生活在最糟糕的环境里。◆The acting was deplorable.那演技糟透了。 see also deplore ⇨ disapprove ▸ deplorably adverb ◆They behaved deplorably.他们的表现糟透了。■ unforgivable /ˌʌnfəˈgɪvəbl; NAmE ˌʌnfərˈgɪvəbl/ (of sb's behaviour) so bad or unacceptable that you cannot forgive the person （某人的行为）不可原谅的，难以饶恕的◆It was an unforgivable thing to say.那么说真是不可原谅。◆He had committed the unforgivable sin－he had betrayed his friends.他犯下了不可饶恕的罪过－出卖朋友。 OPP forgivable ⓘ Forgivable behaviour is behaviour that you can understand and forgive. * forgivable指行为可原谅的、可宽恕的◆His rudeness was forgivable in the circumstances.他当时的无礼情有可原。 ▸ unforgivably adverb ◆She was unforgivably rude.她非常无礼，不可原谅。 |