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criticism noun
⇨ criticism (criticism of the management) ⇨ assessment (literary criticism) criticism noun criticism ♦︎ attack ♦︎ disapproval ♦︎ condemnation ♦︎ denunciation ♦︎ censure ♦︎ assault ♦︎ rap ♦︎ quibble ♦︎ flakThese are all words for the act of expressing a negative opinion about sb/sth. 这些词均表示批评、批判、指责。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆criticism / disapproval / condemnation / a denunciation / censure of sb / sth◆an attack / assault on sb / sth◆criticism / an attack / condemnation / flak from sb / sth◆(a) strong criticism / attack / disapproval / condemnation◆a fierce / severe criticism / attack / denunciation / censure◆(a) public criticism / attack / disapproval / condemnation / denunciation / censure◆to launch a criticism / an attack / an assault◆to make a criticism / an attack / a denunciation / an assault◆to express criticism / disapproval / condemnation◆to bring / draw criticism / condemnation from sb / sth◆to come under criticism / attack / censure / assault◆to take criticism / flak■ criticism [uncountable, countable] the act of expressing a negative opinion about sb/sth because you think they have faults 批评；批判；指责◆The plan has attracted criticism from consumer groups.这项计划已经引起消费者组织的指责。◆People in public life must always be open to criticism (= willing to accept being criticized).公众人物必须随时准备接受批评。◆Ben is very sensitive, he just can't take criticism.本很敏感，受不了一丁点批评。◆I didn't mean it as a criticism.我没有要责备的意思。◆My only criticism of the house is that it is on a busy main road.我对这座房子唯一的不满是它处在一条繁忙的大马路旁。 see also criticize ⇨ blame ■ attack [countable, uncountable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) strong, aggressive criticism of sb/sth in speech or writing （口头或书面的）抨击，非难◆She launched a scathing attack on the government's policies.她对政府的政策进行了猛烈抨击。◆The school has come under attack for failing to encourage bright students.这所学校因未能鼓励聪明的学生而受到非难。 see also attack ⇨ blame verb ■ disapproval [uncountable] a feeling that you do not like an idea, an action or sb's behaviour because you think it is bad, not suitable or going to have a bad effect on sb else 不赞成；反对◆He shook his head in disapproval.他摇了摇头，表示反对。◆She looked at my clothes with disapproval.她不满意地看着我的衣服。OPP approval ⇨ praise noun see also disapprove ⇨ disapprove ■ condemnation / /ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːndemˈneɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) strong criticism of sb/sth, especially for moral reasons （尤指出于道德原因的）谴责，指责◆There was widespread condemnation of the invasion.那次侵略遭到了广泛的谴责。◆The report will be seen by many as a strong condemnation of the prison system.那份报告被许多人视为对监狱系统的强烈谴责。 see also condemn ⇨ blame ■ denunciation /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (formal) an act of criticizing sb/sth strongly in public 公开谴责；斥责；指责◆The bishop made an angry denunciation of the government's policies.主教愤怒地谴责了政府的政策。◆All parties joined in bitter denunciation of the terrorists.所有党派同仇敌忾，斥责恐怖分子。 see also denounce ⇨ blame ■ censure / /ˈsenʃə(r)/ / [uncountable] (formal) strong criticism, especially from a court, parliament or other official body （尤指法院、议会或其他官方机构）严厉的批评，斥责，谴责◆Her dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.她的不诚实行为受到了严厉批评。 see also censure ⇨ blame verb ■ assault / /əˈsɔːlt/ / [countable] strong, aggressive criticism of sb/sth in speech or in writing, especially in order to cause damage （口头或书面的）抨击，非难（尤指以破坏为目的）◆The paper's assault on the president was totally unjustified.这份报纸对总统的攻击纯属无稽之谈。NOTE 辨析 Attack or assault? Attack is used more frequently than assault as a way of describing a criticism of sb/sth. Assault can be more severe and suggests a serious, deliberate attempt to hurt sb's reputation or damage a policy. 表示批评、指责时，attack比assault常用。assault可能会更加严厉，暗指有意想要重挫某人声望或破坏某项政策。■ rap [countable] (NAmE, informal) an unfair judgement on sb/sth 不公正的判决；苛评◆He denounced the criticisms as 'just one bum rap after another'.他谴责这样的批评“不过是一次又一次地横加指斥”。◆Wolves get a bad rap, says a woman who owns three.“狼被不公正地冠上黑名。”一个养着三只狼的女人说。■ quibble / /ˈkwɪbl/ / [countable] a small complaint or criticism, especially one that is not important （尤指无足轻重的）抱怨，牢骚，不满◆The only quibble about this book is the lack of colour illustrations.对这本书唯一的不满是缺少彩色插图。■ flak [uncountable] (informal) severe criticism intended to damage or destroy sb/sth that comes from several different sources （来自各方，意在伤害或破坏的）严厉批评，抨击◆He's taken a lot of flak for his left-wing views.他的左倾观点受到了诸多谴责。◆She came in for a lot of flak from the press.她遭到报刊的猛烈抨击。 assessment noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ test noun 2 另见test名词词条第2义assessment ♦︎ evaluation ♦︎ review ♦︎ appraisal ♦︎ commentary ♦︎ critique ♦︎ criticism ♦︎ estimationThese are all words for an opinion or judgement of sb/sth, especially in a piece of writing. 这些词均表示评价、评定，尤指书面评论。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in an assessment / an evaluation / a review / an appraisal / a commentary / a critique / sb's estimation◆a detailed / general assessment / evaluation / appraisal / commentary / critique◆a critical assessment / evaluation / review / appraisal / commentary◆a / an thorough / subjective / effective assessment / evaluation / appraisal / critique◆a / an objective / careful assessment / evaluation / appraisal / criticism◆a searching assessment / appraisal / critique / criticism◆a written assessment / appraisal / commentary / critique◆to give an assessment / a review / an appraisal / a critique◆to write an assessment / a review / a commentary / a critique◆to carry out / make an assessment / evaluation / appraisal■ assessment / /əˈsesmənt/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an opinion or judgement about sb/sth that has been thought about carefully; the act of forming this kind of judgement or opinion 看法；评价；评定◆What is your assessment of the situation?你对形势的看法如何？◆We need to make a detailed assessment of the risks involved.我们要对所涉及的风险进行详细评估。◆written and oral exams and other forms of assessment笔试、口试及其他形式的考核◆We are developing new methods of risk assessment for chemicals.我们正在开发化学品风险评估的新方法。ⓘ An assessment is usually about the quality of sth, such as a student's work or ability, or about the problems, risks or needs involved in a situation. * assessment通常指对事物质量的评估，如学生的功课或能力，或者指对某种情况下涉及的问题、风险或需求的评估。 see also assess ⇨ judge verb 1 , assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ evaluation / /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an assessment of the amount, value or quality of sth; the process of forming this assessment （数量、价值或质量的）评估；估价；评定（过程）◆We've still got to carry out an evaluation of the results.我们仍须对结果进行评估。◆The new programme is still under evaluation.这一新计划仍在评估中。 see also evaluate ⇨ judge verb 1 ■ review [countable, uncountable] a report in a newspaper or magazine in which sb gives their opinion of a book, play, film, etc.; the act of writing this kind of report （对书籍、戏剧、电影等的）评介，评论◆The book received mixed reviews (= some people liked it, some did not).对于这本书的评论毁誉参半。◆The new musical opened to glowing reviews.这部新的音乐剧一上演就获得热烈赞扬的评论。◆He submitted his latest novel for review.他提交了自己的最新小说以供评论。ⓘ In American English, review is also the term for a meeting in which an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job, and for the system of holding such meetings. 在美式英语中，review还指职员跟上司评定自己工作表现的讨论会，以及这种评估制度 (NAmE) ◆I have my performance review tomorrow.我明天要做工作表现评估。◆A formal performance review system was introduced five years ago.五年前引入了一个正规的工作表现评定制度。In British Engish this is called an appraisal. 这在英式英语中称为appraisal。 see also reviewer ⇨ reporter ▸ review verb [transitive] ◆The play was reviewed in the national newspapers.这部戏剧在全国性报纸上都有评论。■ appraisal / /əˈpreɪzl/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an assessment of the quality, performance or nature of sb/sth; the act of making this kind of assessment 评价；评估；鉴定◆She had read many detailed critical appraisals of his work.她读了许多详细评论他作品的文章。◆She made a quick appraisal of the other guests.她迅速对其他来宾做了一番鉴定。ⓘ Appraisal is also the usual term in British English for an employee's performance review (see above). * appraisal在英式英语中还指对员工工作表现的评定（见上面review的分词条） (especially BrE) ◆I've got my appraisal tomorrow.我明天要做工作表现评估。◆A formal system of performance appraisal was introduced five years ago.五年前引入了一个正规的工作表现评定制度。In American English this is usually called a review, although appraisal is also used. 这在美式英语中通常称为review，不过有时也用appraisal。 ▸ appraise [transitive] ◆ (formal) She stepped back to appraise her workmanship.她退后一步，看看自己的作品是否完美。■ commentary / /ˈkɒməntri; NAmE ˈkɑːmənteri/ [countable, uncountable] a written explanation or discussion of sth such as a book or play; a discussion or sign of sth, especially of its good and bad qualities 评注；解释；（尤指对优缺点的）探讨，反映◆He wrote a commentary on Paul's letters to the Romans.他写了一篇评述保罗致罗马人的书信的文章。◆The film is part love story and part social commentary.该影片既讲爱情，又反映社会问题。ⓘ You can write a commentary on a book, play or film; or a book, play or film can be a commentary on social, political or other issues. 表示撰文评论书籍、戏剧或电影，可用write a commentary on sth。表示书籍、戏剧或电影反映社会、政治等问题，可用be a commentary on sth。■ critique /krɪˈtiːk/ / [countable] a piece of writing discussing the good and bad qualities of sth such as a set of ideas or a work of art （观点、艺术品等的）评论，评论文章◆She wrote a feminist critique of Freud's theories.她写了一篇从女权主义角度评论弗洛伊德理论的文章。▸ critique verb [transitive] ◆Her job involves critiquing designs by fashion students.她的工作包括评判时装专业学生的设计。■ criticism [uncountable] the work or activity of making fair, careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of sb/sth, especially books, music, etc. （尤指对书籍、音乐等的）评论文章，评论◆She has written several works of literary criticism.她已经写了几本文学批评的著作。◆art criticism艺术评论▸ criticize (BrE also criticise) verb [transitive] ◆ (BrE) We were taught how to criticize poems.我们学习了怎样评论诗歌。■ estimation / /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ / [singular] (rather formal) a judgement or opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth, especially a personal opinion （尤指个人观点的）判断，评价，看法◆Who is the best candidate in your estimation?在你看来，谁是最佳人选？◆Since he left his wife, he's certainly gone down in my estimation (= I have less respect for him).他离弃妻子后，我对他的看法便不如从前了。◆She went up in my estimation (= I have more respect for her) when I discovered how much charity work she does.发现她做了这么多慈善工作，我比以前尊敬她了。 |