| 例句 |
curb verb
⇨ limit (curb public spending) ⇨ suppress 2 (curb your temper)curb noun
⇨ limit 1 limit verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth 另见confine sb/sth to sth条limit ♦︎ control ♦︎ restrict ♦︎ curb ♦︎ contain ♦︎ check ♦︎ cap ♦︎ rein sth in ♦︎ suppress ♦︎ hold/keep sth in checkThese words all mean to stop sth increasing beyond a particular amount or level, from spreading or from getting worse. 这些词均表示限制、抑制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be limited / restricted to sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check / cap / rein in spending◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check growth◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check inflation◆to keep spending / inflation / growth in check◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / cap expenditure◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check the spread of sth◆to limit / control / check the expansion of sth◆to limit / control / restrict the size / number / extent / amount of sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check your speed◆to drastically / greatly / severely limit / restrict / curb sth■ limit [transitive] to stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制；限定◆Calorie intake is strictly limited to 1 000 a day.热量的摄入严格限定在每天1 000大卡。◆The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。◆They introduced measures to limit carbon dioxide emissions from cars.他们采取了措施限制汽车二氧化碳的排放。◆There is no evidence that the restrictions have limited the effectiveness of the advertising.没有证据表明这些规定制约了广告的效果。■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to limit sth or make it happen in a particular way 控制；限制；限定◆The government has announced new measures to control immigration.政府已宣布了限制外来移民的新措施。◆Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.许多生理过程都是由激素控制的。◆Parents should control what their kids watch on television.家长应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。■ restrict [transitive] to limit the size, amount or range of sth 限制，限定（规模、数量或范围）◆We restrict the number of students per class to ten.我们把每个班的学生人数限定为十人。◆They tried to control traffic congestion by restricting entry to the city.他们试图通过限定进城车辆的数量来防止交通拥堵。◆Fog severely restricted visibility.浓雾严重影响了能见度。◆There have been several attempts to restrict the sale of alcohol.曾做过几次限制酒精饮料销售的尝试。NOTE 辨析 Limit or restrict?In many cases you can use either word; however, restrict is used more often to talk about limiting what people can do; limit is used both for limiting what people can do and for controlling the effects of sth. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但restrict更多指限定人的行为，limit既可指限定人的行为，也可指控制某事的效果◆to restrict carbon dioxide emissions from cars ◆to restrict the effectiveness of advertising ■ curb [transitive] to control or limit sth, especially sth bad 控制，抑制，约束（有害事物）◆A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation.为了抑制通货膨胀已实施了一系列的政策。◆This legislation will greatly curb the power of local authorities.这次立法将大大限制地方当局的权力。■ contain [transitive] (written) to stop sth harmful from spreading or getting worse 防止⋯蔓延；防止⋯恶化◆Far more could have been done to contain the epidemic.本可以做更多事情来防止此次流行病的蔓延。◆He introduced repressive measures to contain the violence.他采取了一些遏止暴力行为的镇压措施。■ check [transitive] to stop sth bad from continuing 控制，抑制，阻止（有害事物）◆The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.政府决心要控制公共开支的增长。◆She tied some strips of cloth around the wound to check the bleeding.她在伤口上缠了些布条来止血。NOTE 辨析 Curb, contain or check?To contain a problem is to stop it from getting worse or spreading over a larger area, but without actually getting rid of it from the areas where it already exists; to curb sth is to reduce it to a lower level; to check sth is to stop it altogether. * contain指防止问题恶化或蔓延，但并不能将其根除；curb指降低严重程度；check则指完全控制住。■ cap (-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] (especially BrE) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth 限额收取（或支出）◆We will continue to cap local government spending where necessary.必要时我们将继续限制地方政府的开支额度。◆The total annual fee is capped at 1.5 per cent.年费总额限定在1.5%。■ ˌrein sth ˈin to start to control sth strictly, especially after it has been increasing too quickly （尤指增速过快后）严格控制，加强管理◆This is part of a battle to rein in public spending on health.此举是严控公共医疗开支这一艰巨工作的一环。◆If the situation continues, she may not be able to rein in the military much longer.如果这种局面继续下去，她对军队的控制力也许就维持不了多久了。■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (written) to stop sth from growing, developing or continuing, especially a natural process or function 压制，阻止，抑制（自然过程或功能）◆Slimming drugs do help to suppress appetite.减肥药确实能够抑制食欲。◆A 5 cm layer will suppress weed growth.一层5厘米厚的覆盖物就能抑制杂草的生长。OPP stimulate ⇨ stimulate ■ hold sth in ˈcheck■ keep sth in ˈcheck idiom (held, held; kept, kept)to control sth that could be a problem, so that it does not spread or get worse 控制，制止（以免蔓延或恶化）◆They want interest rates kept in check.他们希望利率控制在合理范围之内。◆We need to keep the rabbit population in check.我们需要控制兔子的数量。 suppress2 verb suppress a rebellion 镇压叛乱suppress a feeling 压抑感情suppress ♦︎ control ♦︎ stifle ♦︎ contain ♦︎ restrain ♦︎ keep from sth ♦︎ repress ♦︎ hold sth back ♦︎ check ♦︎ curbThese words all mean to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion. 这些词均表示对情感加以抑制、克制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to control / contain / restrain / check yourself◆to restrain / keep yourself from doing sth◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back / check your anger◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain / repress / check / curb an impulse◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / restrain / repress an urge◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / repress / check a / an feeling / emotion◆to suppress / control / check / curb an instinct◆to control / contain / restrain / curb your impatience◆to suppress / control / contain your excitement◆to control / contain / curb your temper◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / hold back tears◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain a smile◆to barely suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back sth◆to hardly suppress / control / contain / keep from sth■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion or thinking about sth, even though you might want to 抑制，控制，忍住（情感或思想）◆She was unable to suppress a giggle.她忍不住笑出声来。◆He had suppressed the painful memories of his childhood.他尽力不去回想那些痛苦的童年记忆。◆Her face was charged with barely suppressed anger.她的脸上充满了勉强忍住的怒火。OPP arouse ⇨ stimulate ▸ suppression noun [uncountable] ◆the suppression of emotion / feelings对情感的抑制■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to manage to make yourself remain calm, even though you are angry or upset 抑制，克制（怒气或不快）◆I was so furious I couldn't control myself and I hit him.我气得无法自制，就打了他。◆The clerk could scarcely control his excitement.那位职员简直无法抑制内心的激动。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint ■ stifle / /ˈstaɪfl/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from showing how you feel, especially through a physical action such as laughing, crying or yawning 忍住，抑制（尤指笑、哭或打哈欠等）◆He stifled the urge to laugh.他抑制住了笑的冲动。◆She managed to stifle a yawn.她设法忍住了呵欠。ⓘ You might stifle a laugh or a yawn because you don't want to seem rude. * stifle可指出于礼貌而忍住大笑或呵欠。■ contain [transitive] (written) to keep your emotions under control 控制，克制，抑制（感情）◆I was so furious I just couldn't contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。◆She could hardly contain her excitement.她几乎无法抑制内心的激动。■ restrain / /rɪˈstreɪn/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do, because you realize this might make a situation worse 约束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住◆I restrained the urge to punch him.我抑制住了自己的冲动，没用拳头打他。◆I was tempted to answer back, but I restrained myself.我想还嘴，但忍住了。 see also restraint ⇨ restraint ■ ˈkeep from sth■ ˈkeep yourself from sth phrasal verb (kept, kept)to stop yourself from doing sth, especially showing an emotion 忍住，克制（尤指不流露感情）◆She could hardly keep herself from laughing out loud.她差一点大声笑起来。◆Caroline bit her lip to keep from telling him how wrong he was.卡罗琳咬着嘴唇，忍住没说出他的错误有多严重。■ repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to try hard not to feel or show an emotion 克制，抑制，压抑（情感）◆He burst in, making no effort to repress his fury.他闯了进来，毫不掩饰自己的愤怒。◆They tend to hide their emotions and repress their desires.他们往往会掩饰自己的情感并克制自己的欲望。▸ repression noun [uncountable] ◆sexual repression性压抑NOTE 辨析 Suppress or repress? Repress is less frequent and more formal than suppress. Suppress is used more often to describe a deliberate effort to prevent your feelings being seen by other people; repress is a slightly stronger word, often suggesting that you do not want your inner feelings to be expressed at all, even to yourself. 与suppress相比，repress较少用，也较正式。suppress更常指故意掩饰自己的感情不让别人看出来；repress语气稍强，常意味着根本不想表露自己的内心感情，甚至对自己也是这样。■ ˌhold sth ˈback phrasal verb (held, held)to stop yourself expressing how you really feel, especially through laughing or crying 抑制，控制（尤指大笑、哭等）；不露声色◆He bravely held back his tears.他勇敢地忍住了自己的眼泪。◆At times he could barely hold back his impatience.有时候他几乎无法控制自己的不耐烦。■ check [transitive] (written) to suddenly stop yourself from saying or doing sth or from showing an emotion 克制，抑制（说某事、做某事或表露感情）◆She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself.她本想告诉他全部真相，但又忍住了。◆She made no effort to check her tears and just let them run down her face.她没有克制自己的眼泪，听凭它们顺着脸颊往下流。■ curb [transitive] to keep an aspect of your personality under control, especially a bad one or one that is considered bad 控制，抑制，约束（尤指不好的性格）◆He needs to learn to curb his temper.他需要学会控制自己的脾气。◆She has to curb her natural exuberance.她只得抑制住自己热情洋溢的性格。 limit1 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ restriction ♦︎ control ♦︎ constraint ♦︎ restraint ♦︎ limitation ♦︎ ceiling ♦︎ curb ♦︎ checkThese are all words for sth that limits what you can do or what can happen. 这些词均表示限制、限定、制约。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks on sth◆limits / limitations / checks to sth◆without limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆severe limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆tight limits / restrictions / controls / constraints◆effective limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints◆an artificial limit / restriction / constraint◆to impose limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks◆to place limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / checks◆to introduce limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / limitations / curbs / checks◆to remove / accept limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations◆to lift restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / the ceiling◆to tighten / relax restrictions / controls / constraints◆to act as a control / constraint / restraint / limitation / ceiling / curb / check■ limit [countable] the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed 极限；限量；限额◆The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels.欧盟对污染程度定下了严格的限制。◆He admitted that he had broken the speed limit.他承认超速驾驶。◆You can't drive－you're over the limit (= you have drunk more alcohol than is legal when driving).你饮酒过量，不能驾车。◆It is our job to keep government spending within acceptable limits.我们的职责是使政府的开支保持在可接受的限额内。 see also limit ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restriction [countable] (rather formal) a rule or law that limits what you can do 限制规定；限制法规◆Speed restrictions are in operation on the M4 due to poor visibility.由于能见度低，M4高速公路正在实施限速。◆The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意取消对新闻自由的限制。◆There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.取款没有限额。 see also restrict ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ control [uncountable, countable] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this 限制；管制；约束◆traffic control交通管制◆talks on arms control军备控制谈判◆A new advance has been made in the control of malaria.在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。◆government controls on trade and industry政府对工商业的管理◆Price controls on food were ended.对食品价格的控制已告结束。◆A pest control officer was called in to deal with the rat problem.一名虫害防治员被请来应对鼠害问题。■ constraint [countable] (rather formal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do 限制；限定；约束◆We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.我们不得不在时间紧迫、资金紧缺的限制下工作。◆This decision will impose serious financial constraints on all schools.这项决定将使所有学校受到严格的财务限制。 see also constrain ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restraint [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (rather formal) a decision, rule, idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so 管制措施；制约因素；（必要或合理的）控制，限制◆The government has imposed export restraints on some products.政府对一些产品实行了出口限制。◆There are certain social restraints on drinking alcohol.在饮酒方面存在着某些社会制约因素。◆The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.这些工会不可能接受任何形式的工资限制。◆They said that they would fight without restraint (= completely freely) for what they wanted.他们说，为达目的，他们会无所顾忌地抗争到底。■ limitation [uncountable, countable] the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth 限制；控制；限制措施；制约条件◆They would resist any limitation of their powers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。◆Disability is a physical limitation on your life.残疾在生理上限制了你的生活。◆There should be no limitations to progress in the talks.谈判的进展情况不应受到任何制约。NOTE 辨析 Restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. A constraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. A restraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable. 这些词均表示限制，其中restriction指权威人士制定的规定或法规；constraint指现存的限制或约束而非作出的规定，尽管这种约束也可能是因他人的决定而存在；restraint也指现存的限制或制约因素，既可能指自身之外的因素，如他人的决定；也可能指自身因素，如担心别人的想法或顾虑自己的做法能否被接受◆moral / social / cultural / conventional restraints道德／社会／文化／习俗的制约因素A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists. * limitation使用比较普遍，可指某人作出的限制规定，也可指现存的制约因素或条件。 ■ ceiling [countable] the highest limit on sth such as prices or wages （价格、工资等的）最高限度，上限，最大限量◆They have put a ceiling on the price of fuel.他们规定了燃料价格的上限。◆The government has decided to lift price ceilings on bread and milk.政府已决定取消对面包和牛奶的最高限价。■ curb /kɜːb; NAmE kɜːrb/ [countable] a rule or action that limits the level, amount or degree of sth （对水平、数量或程度）起限制作用的规定（或行为）◆We are in favour of strict curbs on government spending.我们赞成对政府开支采取严格限制措施。◆Counselling acted as a curb on his violent behaviour.心理咨询对他的暴力行为起到了抑制作用。■ check [countable] (rather formal) something that slows down the progress of sth else or stops it from getting worse 阻碍进程的事物；防止恶化的事物◆A cold spring will provide a natural check on the number of insects.寒冷的春季会自然控制昆虫的数量。◆The House of Commons became the most fundamental check to the power of the British monarchy.下议院对英国君主的权力起到了最根本的制衡作用。 |