dark adj. ⇨dark1 (a dark night)⇨dark2 (a dark colour)⇨evil (dark forces)⇨negative (dark thoughts)dark noun ⇨darkness (afraid of the dark)⇨in the dark⇨unawareadj.
dark1
adjective
a dark night黑夜a dark colour深颜色dark ♦︎ black ♦︎ shady ♦︎ shadowy ♦︎ unlitThese words all describe a place where there is little or no light.这些词均表示光线昏暗的、黑暗的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a dark / shady / shadowy place / corner◆a dark / shadowy / unlit room◆a dark / unlit road◆a dark / black night◆black / shadowy darkness◆to go dark / black◆pitch dark / black◆cool and dark / shady■darkwith no or very little light, especially because it is night黑暗的，昏暗的（尤指夜晚）◆What time does it get dark in summer?夏天什么时候天黑？◆It was dark outside and I couldn't see much.外面很黑，我看不清楚。◆He stumbled along through the dark forest.他在黑黝黝的森林中跌跌撞撞地前行。OPPlight ⇨ lightnoun1■blackwithout light; completely dark黑暗的；漆黑的◆Through the black night came the sound of thunder.漆黑的夜晚传来了雷声。◆It's pitch black(= very dark) outside.外面漆黑一片。◆My head banged on a rock and everything went black.我的头撞上了一块岩石，眼前顿时一片黑暗。■shadyprotected from direct sunlight by sth, for example trees or buildings背阴的；遮阴的◆We went to find somewhere cool and shady to have a drink.我们去找了个阴凉的地方，喝了一杯。◆This is a nice shady spot for a picnic.这地方背阴，适合野餐。OPPsunny ⇨ sunny■shadowy [usually before noun] dark and full of shadows幽暗的；有阴影的；多阴的◆Someone was hiding in the shadowy doorway.有人躲藏在昏暗的入口处。◆The lights went out, plunging the room into a shadowy darkness.灯熄了，房间顿时陷入一片漆黑。■unlitdark because there are no lights or the lights are not switched on黑暗的；无灯光的◆The room was unlit and they could hardly see the man in the gloom.房间里没有灯光，他们几乎看不见黑暗中的那个人。◆Avoid walking through parks or down quiet, unlit roads.要避免从公园里穿行或沿着僻静昏暗的道路行走。OPPlighted ⇨ lightverb2
dark2
adjective
a dark night黑夜a dark colour深颜色dark ♦︎ rich ♦︎ deep ♦︎ warm ♦︎ mellowThese words all describe strong and/or pleasant colours.这些词均形容颜色深沉的、浓重宜人的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a dark / rich / deep / warm colour / tone / shade◆(a) dark / rich / deep / warm red / orange◆(a) dark / rich / deep blue / green / purple◆very dark / deep■dark(of colours) not light; closer in shade to black than white（颜色）深的，暗的◆Darker colours are more practical and don't show stains.深色更实用，而且不显脏。◆Mahogany is a dark-coloured wood.红木是一种深色木材。◆He was dressed in a dark suit and a plain white shirt.他身着深色西服，配一件朴素的白衬衣。◆The dark clouds in the sky meant that a storm was coming.天空中的乌云预示着暴风雨即将来临。OPPpale,light ⇨ pale2■rich [usually before noun](of colours) strong and dark, in a way that is beautiful or pleasing（色彩）浓重宜人的◆The colour of the flower is a rich deep red.那朵花的颜色是浓重的深红色。◆the rich tones of autumn秋天的浓重色调■deep [usually before noun](of colours) strong and dark, especially in an attractive way（色彩）浓重的，深沉宜人的◆He had a pale face with deep blue eyes.他面容白皙，眼睛碧蓝。◆The colour is deeper when the grapes are dried.葡萄晒干后颜色会深一些。OPPpale ⇨ pale2■warm [usually before noun](of colours) creating a pleasant, comfortable and relaxed feeling or atmosphere暖色调的◆The house is decorated in warm shades of red and orange.房子用红和橙这些暖色调装饰。OPPcool ⇨ pale2■mellow(of colours) soft, rich and pleasant（色彩）柔和丰润的，浓重宜人的◆The floor was of mellow golden stone.地板用柔和的金黄色石料铺成。
evil
adjective
evil ♦︎ wicked ♦︎ bad ♦︎ dark ♦︎ satanic ♦︎ base ♦︎ demonic ♦︎ sinfulThese words all describe cruel or morally bad people or behaviour.这些词均表示恶毒的、邪恶的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an evil / a wicked / a bad / a sinful man / woman / person / life / act / thought◆an evil / a wicked / a bad character◆an evil / a wicked / a base / a sinful creature◆an evil / a wicked demon◆a wicked / bad child◆an evil / a wicked / a bad / a dark / a sinful deed◆an evil / a wicked crime◆an evil / a bad / a satanic influence◆an evil / a bad omen◆evil / dark / demonic forces / powers■evil(of people or actions) very bad; showing great enjoyment in hurting or killing others; connected with the Devil（人或行为）邪恶的；恶毒的；恶魔的◆He gave an evil laugh.他邪恶地大笑。◆In his speech he described the evil effects of racism.他在演讲中描述了种族主义的恶劣影响。◆It was an ancient charm to ward off evil spirits.这是古代驱赶邪灵的一种做法。OPPgood ⇨ good5■wicked(of people or actions) very bad; showing great enjoyment in being bad and hurting others（人或行为）邪恶的；恶毒的◆She despised herself for being selfish, even wicked.她因自私甚至邪恶而鄙视自己。◆That was a wicked thing to do!那可是伤天害理的事！◆The wicked witch casts a spell on the princess.邪恶的女巫给公主施了魔咒。OPPgood ⇨ good5NOTE辨析 Evil or wicked?These are both very strong words to describe people and actions that are very bad: they should be used with great care. Evil is stronger than wicked. Wickedness is bad behaviour, caused by sb's pleasure in being bad, and it is basically a human characteristic. Evil is a force outside a person that makes them do bad things, and is often connected with the Devil. A wicked person enjoys being bad and hurting other people's feelings. An evil person enjoys hurting people physically and does not even consider their feelings. Children, witches and stepmothers are wicked, especially in children's stories. Spirits, forces, monsters, killers and masterminds are evil, especially in stories for adults and popular news reports.这两个词的语气都很强烈，应慎用。evil比wicked语气更强。wickedness指恶行，由那些本性就是以作恶为乐的人所为，与人的劣根性有关。evil指驱使人去做坏事的外部力量，常与恶魔有关。wicked指喜欢做坏事并伤害他人感情，evil指喜欢伤害他人身体而根本不考虑他们的感受。wicked可描述人，搭配的词有child、witch和stepmother，尤见于童话故事；evil可搭配的词有spirit、force、monster、killer和mastermind，尤见于成人小说和大众新闻。■badcriminal or morally unacceptable犯罪的；不道德的◆The hero gets to shoot all the bad guys.主人公得以击毙所有坏蛋。◆He said I must have done something bad to deserve it.他说我肯定是罪有应得。OPPgood ⇨ good5■darkevil or frightening邪恶的；阴险的；凶恶的◆There was a darker side to his nature.他本性中有阴险的一面。◆There are dark forces at work here.这里有邪恶力量作祟。■satanic ( Satanic) /səˈtænɪk, NAmE alsoseɪˈtænɪk/ connected with the worship of the Devil崇拜撒旦的◆There was no evidence of satanic rituals.没有证据表明有人组织崇拜撒旦的仪式。■base (formal) not having moral principles or rules卑鄙的；不道德的◆He acted from base motives.他的行为动机卑鄙。■demonic /diˈmɒnɪk; NAmEdiˈmɑːnɪk/ connected with, or like, an evil spirit恶魔的；魔鬼般的◆This was a society in which demonic possession was greatly feared.在这个社会里人们都对魔鬼附身怀有极大的恐惧。■sinful (formal) morally wrong; against the rules of a religion不道德的；违背教义的；有罪的◆He tried to keep his sinful thoughts to himself.他想方设法不让别人知晓他那些邪恶的想法。
negative
adjective
negative ♦︎ bleak ♦︎ gloomy ♦︎ depressing ♦︎ dark ♦︎ pessimistic ♦︎ miserable ♦︎ downbeat ♦︎ blackThese words all describe a person or attitude without hope or enthusiasm for the future and expecting bad things to happen.这些词均表示消极的、悲观的、令人沮丧的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达令人沮丧的程度
downbeat
➔
negative
➔
miserable
bleak
dark
gloomy
black
depressing
pessimistic
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆negative / pessimistic / miserable about sth◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic outlook◆negative / gloomy / depressing / dark / black thoughts◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic view◆a negative / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic conclusion◆a negative / gloomy / pessimistic report◆to paint a negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic picture (of sb / sth)◆to sound negative / gloomy / pessimistic / downbeat◆to look bleak / gloomy / pessimistic / black◆very negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / dark / pessimistic / miserable / black◆extremely negative / bleak / depressing / dark / pessimistic◆rather negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic / miserable■negativethinking only about what is bad in a situation; without hope or enthusiasm消极的；负面的；缺乏热情的◆He's been rather negative about the idea.他对这个想法一直没什么热情。◆Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。◆We try to pinpoint the cause of any negative feelings.我们尽量准确地说明导致任何负面情绪的原因。◆'He probably won't show up.' 'Don't be so negative.'“他很可能不会露面。”“别那么泄气嘛。”OPPpositive ⇨ optimistic, positive ⇨ good6 see also negative ⇨ harmful■bleak / /bliːk/ / (of a situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future（状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The future looks bleak for the fishing industry.渔业前景暗淡。◆The report paints an unnecessarily bleak picture of the town.报告把这个镇子描绘得过于惨淡。▸bleakly
adverb
◆'There seems no hope,' she said bleakly.“好像没希望了。”她黯然地说。■gloomy(of an attitude or situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future（态度或状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The committee's view was in fact far from gloomy.委员会的看法事实上一点也不悲观。◆We're quietly confident despite the gloomy predictions.尽管预测并不乐观，我们心里还是很自信。 see also gloom ⇨ gloomNOTE辨析 Bleak or gloomy?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆Suddenly, the future didn't look so bleak / gloomy after all.突然感到前途似乎并非如此暗淡。◆to paint a bleak / gloomy picture of the situation把情况描绘得很不乐观However, bleak is used especially to describe a situation or the future.不过，bleak尤用于描述某一状况或前景◆The future / outlook is / looks bleak.前景暗淡。Gloomy can be used in this way too, but it is more often used to describe sb's view of the situation or future. * gloomy亦有此种用法，但较常用于描述某人对状况或前景的看法(view)◆a gloomy forecast / prognosis悲观的预测◆gloomy predictions / prospects / thoughts悲观的预测／展望／想法■depressing(of a situation) making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm（状况）令人抑郁的，令人沮丧的，令人消沉的◆Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.如今求职会令人非常沮丧。◆He found the whole visit a depressing experience.他觉得整个访问是个令人沮丧的经历。OPPuplifting ⇨ moving see also depress ⇨ discourage2, depressed ⇨ depressed, depression ⇨ gloom▸depressingly
adverb
◆a depressingly familiar experience令人感到腻烦的经历■dark(of an attitude or time) unpleasant and without offering any hope that sth good will happen（态度）忧郁的；（时代）无望的◆The film is a dark vision of the future.这部影片呈现了一幅暗淡无光的未来图景。◆The theatre stayed open even in the darkest days of the war.这家剧院即使在战争中最黑暗的日子里仍然开门营业。■pessimistic / /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ / expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful悲观的；悲观主义的◆They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.他们对取胜的可能性显得出奇地悲观。◆He seems to take a rather pessimistic view of human nature.他似乎对人性持相当悲观的看法。OPPoptimistic ⇨ optimistic▸pessimism
noun
[uncountable] ◆a mood of pessimism悲观的情绪OPPoptimism ⇨ hopenoun1■miserable / /ˈmɪzrəbl/ / (of a situation) making you feel very unhappy or uncomfortable（状况）使难受的，使不舒服的，令人不快的◆I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.我独自一人在家度过了一个惨兮兮的周末。◆What a miserable day(= cold and wet)!又冷又湿，多么难受的一天啊！◆The play was a miserable failure.这部剧是个可悲的失败。 see also misery ⇨ distress▸miserably
adverb
◆He failed miserably as an actor.作为演员，他极其失败。NOTE辨析 Depressing or miserable?Depressing is used especially to show feelings of sympathy for other people's problems or the bad state of the world in general; miserable usually describes your unhappy feelings about your own situation. * depressing尤指他人的困难或世界总体上的糟糕状况令人同情，miserable通常指自身处境令自己不满◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a depressing picture.关于水污染情况的报告描绘了一幅令人沮丧的景象。◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a miserable picture.◆My school days were thoroughly miserable.我上学时的日子过得惨极了。◆My school days were thoroughly depressing.■downbeat / /ˈdaʊnbiːt/ / (ratherinformal) (of an attitude) dull or depressing; not hopeful about the future（态度）沉闷的，令人沮丧的；悲观的◆The overall mood of the meeting was downbeat.会议气氛总体上是沉闷的。◆Their assessment of the UK's economic prospects is downbeat.他们对英国经济前景的看法是悲观的。OPPupbeat ⇨ optimistic■black (ratherinformal) without hope; very depressing无希望的；令人沮丧的◆The future looks pretty black, I'm afraid.前景看来恐怕很暗淡。◆It's been another black day for the north-east with the announcement of further job losses.东北部又经历了一个黑色的日子，当地公布的失业人数再度上升。
darkness
noun
darkness ♦︎ the dark ♦︎ shadow ♦︎ shade ♦︎ gloom ♦︎ blacknessThese are all words for the state of not being light or bright.这些词均表示暗淡或昏暗的状态。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in / into / out of the darkness / dark / shadows / shade / gloom / blackness◆through the darkness / dark / shadows / gloom / blackness◆deep darkness / shadow / shade / gloom◆the gathering darkness / dark / shadows / gloom◆pitch darkness / dark / blackness◆to peer into the darkness / dark / shadows / gloom / blackness◆to adjust to the darkness / dark / gloom◆your eyes become accustomed to the darkness / dark / gloom◆to be shrouded in / plunged into darkness / shadow / gloom◆light and darkness / dark / shadow / shade■darkness [uncountable] the state of being dark, without any light; the quality or state of being dark in colour黑暗；昏暗；深色◆After a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.几分钟后我们的眼睛适应了黑暗。◆In the west the sun went down and darkness fell(= it became night).夕阳西下，夜幕降临。◆They managed to escape under cover of darkness.在夜色的掩护下他们设法逃走了。◆It depends on the darkness of your skin.这取决于你肤色的深浅。OPPlight ⇨ lightnoun1■the dark [singular] the lack of light in a place, especially because it is night（尤指夜晚的）黑暗◆All the lights went out and we were left in the dark.灯全熄了，我们周围一片黑暗。◆Are the children afraid of the dark?孩子们怕黑吗？◆They say that eating carrots helps you see in the dark.据说吃胡萝卜有助于我们在黑暗中看清东西。ⓘ Before/after dark means 'before/after the sun goes down and it is night'. * before/after dark表示天黑前或天黑后◆She won't go out alone after dark.天黑后她不会单独外出。ⓘ Dark [uncountable] is an amount of sth that is dark in colour. * dark作不可数名词时表示暗色、阴影◆We examined the patterns of light and dark in the painting.我们仔细研究了这幅油画中光影的构图。OPPlight ⇨ lightnoun1■shadow [uncountable] ( shadows [plural]) darkness in a place or on sth, especially so that you cannot easily see who or what is there昏暗处；阴暗处◆His face was deep in shadow, turned away from her.他别过脸面向暗处，背对着她。◆I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows.我好像看见阴暗处站着一个人。 see also shadow ⇨ shapenoun■shade [uncountable] an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth, for example under a tree or building, because the sun's light does not get to it; the dark areas in a picture, especially the use of these to produce variety背阴处；阴凉处；（图画的）阴影部分◆We sat down in the shade of the tree.我们在树荫里坐了下来。◆The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.背阴处温度可达40摄氏度。◆The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.夏天，这些树为动物提供遮阴的地方。◆The painting needs more light and shade.这幅油画需要增强明暗层次。OPPsun ⇨ sun, light ⇨ lightnoun1■gloom / /gluːm/ / [uncountable] (literary) almost total darkness幽暗；黑暗；昏暗◆We watched the boats come back in the gathering gloom.我们看着船只在渐浓的暮色中返航。OPPbrightness ⇨ lightnoun1 see also gloomy ⇨ dim2■blackness [uncountable] the state or quality of being dark or black黑；黑色；黑暗◆She peered out into the inky blackness of the night.她凝视着外面漆黑的夜色。◆His bright silk tie contrasted with the blackness of his hair.他那鲜艳的丝领带跟他乌黑的头发形成了对比。
unaware
adjective
unaware ♦︎ oblivious ♦︎ in the dark ♦︎ unsuspecting ♦︎ blind ♦︎ ignorant ♦︎ unwittingThese words all describe people who are not aware of sth or do not know about sth.这些词均表示没意识到、不了解、未察觉。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆unaware / oblivious / ignorant of sth◆oblivious / blind to sth◆an unsuspecting / unwitting victim◆totally unaware / oblivious / unsuspecting / blind / ignorant◆completely / largely unaware / oblivious / in the dark / ignorant◆blissfully unaware / ignorant■unaware / /ˌʌnəˈweə(r); NAmEˌʌnəˈwer/ [not before noun] not knowing or realizing that sth is happening or that sth exists不知道；没意识到；未察觉◆He was completely unaware of the whole affair.他对整件事一无所知。◆They were apparently unaware that the girl was only 15.他们显然没想到那女孩才15岁。OPPaware ⇨ aware■oblivious /əˈblɪviəs/ / [not usually before noun] not aware of or concerned about sth, especially sth that you ought to be concerned about不知道，未察觉，不关注（尤指理应关注之事）◆He drove off, oblivious to the damage he had caused.他驾车走了，没有注意到他所造成的损害。◆He was totally oblivious of her feelings.他对她的感情浑然不觉。■in the ˈdark
idiom
knowing nothing about sth（对某事）全然不知◆Workers were kept in the dark about plans to sell off the factory.对于出售工厂的计划，工人们还蒙在鼓里。■unsuspecting [usually before noun] (especiallywritten) not aware of danger or of sth bad毫不怀疑的；无危险意识的；无戒备心的◆The attacker stood waiting in the alleyway for his unsuspecting victim.袭击者站在小巷里，等着毫无戒备的对象下手。◆Illegal copies are widely on sale to an unsuspecting public.非法的复制品大量出售给不知情的公众。 see also trusting ⇨ naive■blind [not before noun] not noticing or realizing sth（对某事）视而不见的，未察觉的◆She's totally blind to her husband's faults.她完全看不到丈夫的过错。◆I must have been blind not to realize the danger we were in.我当时一定是眼瞎了，竟然没有意识到我们所处的危险。■ignorant / /ˈɪgnərənt/ / [not before noun] not knowing about or realizing sth, especially sth that might affect your actions or opinions if you did know about it不了解，未意识到（尤指若知悉行为或看法可能有所不同）◆At the time I was ignorant of events going on elsewhere.那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。■unwitting [only before noun] (ratherformal, written) not aware of what you are doing or of the situation you are involved in不知情的；糊里糊涂的；无意的◆He became an unwitting accomplice in the crime.他糊里糊涂地成了犯罪的帮凶。◆She was the unwitting cause of the argument.她无意中引起了这场争执。