➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process另见process条action ♦︎ measure ♦︎ step ♦︎ act ♦︎ move ♦︎ gesture ♦︎ deed ♦︎ stunt ♦︎ doingThese are all words for a thing that sb does.这些词均表示行为、行动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an action / a measure / a step / an act / a move / a gesture / a deed / a stunt by sb◆a step / move / gesture towards sth◆a heroic / brave / daring action / step / act / move / gesture / deed◆a kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed◆a / an evil / terrible act / deed◆to take actions / measures / steps◆to do an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to perform an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to make a step / move / gesture■action [countable, uncountable] a thing that sb does; the process of doing sth in order to make sth happen or to deal with a situation所做之事；行动；行为过程◆Her quick action saved the child's life.她行动迅速，救了小孩的命。◆Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。◆Only the priest can perform these actions.只有神父才能够做这些事。◆We shall take whatever actions are necessary.我们将采取任何必要的措施。◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。◆What is the best course of action in the circumstances?在这种情况下，最佳的应对方法是什么？◆She began to explain her plan of action to the group.她开始向小组成员讲解她的行动计划。■measure [countable] an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim（官方的）措施，方法◆Special measures are being taken to protect the local water supplies.正采取特别措施保护当地供水。◆Tougher measures against racism are needed.需要对种族主义采取更强硬的措施。◆This is just a temporary measure, while the emergency exists.这仅仅是在紧急情况下采取的临时措施。◆The government introduced emergency measures to stave off an economic crisis.政府推行了紧急措施来暂时纾缓经济危机。■step [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve sth步骤；措施◆This was a first step towards a united Europe.这是向统一欧洲的目标迈进的第一步。◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。◆This won't solve the problem but it's a step in the right direction.这虽不能解决问题，却是朝正确方向迈出的一步。◆The new drug is a major step forward in the treatment of the disease.研制出这种新药是治疗这一疾病的重大进展。■act [countable] a thing that sb does行为；行动◆an act of kindness / generosity / love / aggression / desperation善行；慷慨之举；爱的表示；挑衅；铤而走险◆You have committed a serious criminal act.你已经犯下严重罪行。◆The very act of writing out your plan clarifies what you need to do.将计划写下来，这样做能厘清你要做的事。◆He was caught in the act of stealing(= caught stealing).他偷窃时当场被抓。NOTE辨析 Action or act?These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc.这两个词意义相同，但用于不同的句型。act通常后接of，并常与形容词连用。action通常不与of连用，但常与his、her等词连用◆a heroic act of bravery英雄壮举◆a heroic action of bravery◆his heroic actions / acts during the war他在战争中的英雄壮举Action often combines with take but act does not. * action常与take搭配，act则不能◆We shall take whatever acts are necessary.■move [countable] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth（为达目的而采取或需要采取的）行动◆This latest move by the government has aroused fierce opposition.政府最近采取的这一行动引起了强烈的反对。◆The management has made no move to settle the strike.资方还没有采取任何措施来解决罢工问题。◆If he wants to see me, he should make the first move.他要是想见我就得采取主动。◆Getting a job in marketing was a good career move.找份市场营销的工作是个不错的职业选择。■gesture / /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ / [countable] a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention（表明感情或意图的）姿态，表示◆It was a nice gesture(= it was kind) to invite his wife too.把他妻子也请来是友好的表示。◆Words and empty gestures are not enough－we demand action!讲空话或摆姿态是不够的－我们需要的是行动！◆We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill / a goodwill gesture.我们不承担责任，但愿意退款，以表善意。■deed [countable] (formalorliterary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad（善或恶的）行为，行动◆It's a stirring tale of heroic deeds.这是一则激动人心的英雄事迹。◆These were evil deeds perpetrated by wicked people.这些伤天害理的事都是坏人干的。◆ (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) I took Sarah's children to school so I've done my good deed for the day.我送了萨拉的孩子去上学，所以今天已经做了善事。■stunt [countable] a dangerous and difficult action that sb does to entertain people, especially as part of a film（尤指电影中的）特技表演◆He did all his own stunts in the movie.影片中所有的特技都是他自己完成的。◆a stunt pilot / rider / team特技飞行员／骑手／表演队◆a stuntman / stuntwoman男特技演员；女特技演员ⓘ Stunt is also used, sometimes in a disapproving way, for sth that is done in order to attract people's attention. * stunt有时含贬义，指意在引起注意的花招或噱头◆They jumped off London Bridge as a publicity stunt.他们跳伦敦桥作为宣传噱头。■doing [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing done or caused by sb所做的事；所作所为◆I've been hearing a lot about your doings recently.关于你的所作所为我最近听到很多。
document
noun
document ♦︎ file ♦︎ papers ♦︎ archive ♦︎ deed ♦︎ paperwork ♦︎ dossierThese are all types of written paper containing information or records.这些词均表示文件、文案、文档。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a document / a file / the paperwork / a dossier on sb / sth◆in a document / a file / the archives / the paperwork / a dossier◆the relevant document / file / papers / paperwork◆the necessary documents / papers / paperwork◆(an) important document / papers / archive◆confidential documents / files / papers◆(a) personal / secret documents / file / papers / archive / dossier◆(a / an) official / government / state document / file / paper / archive◆to prepare a document / a file / the paperwork / a dossier◆to draw up a document / papers / the paperwork◆to release a document / a file / papers◆to keep a document / a file / papers / an archive / the deeds / the paperwork / a dossier◆to leak a document / a file / papers◆to read (through) a document / a file / the papers / the paperwork / a dossier◆to study a document / papers / a dossier■document [countable] an official paper or book that gives information about sth or that gives evidence or proof of sth; a computer file that contains text and that has a name that identifies it文件；证件；（计算机）文档◆Keep all your travel documents in a safe place.请妥善保管您的所有旅行证件。◆This is an important legal document.这是一份重要的法律文件。◆They have produced a new policy document.他们制订了一份新的政策文件。◆The committee presented a discussion document(= to be discussed) at yesterday's meeting.昨天的会议上，委员会提交了一份讨论文件。◆Save the document before closing.关闭文档之前要先存盘。 see also documentation ⇨ certificate■file [countable] a collection of documents and the information they contain, for example about a particular person or subject; a collection of information stored together in a computer, under a particular name档案；（计算机）文件◆The police were accused of keeping secret files on political activists.警方被指控存有政治活动人士的秘密档案。◆Please add this document to your files.请把这份文件归入你的档案。◆Exactly what information is kept in these files?这些档案里到底是什么内容？◆Your application will be kept on file.你的申请书将存档。◆Every file on the same disk must have a different name.同一磁盘里各个文件都必须有不同的文件名。 see also file ⇨ envelope, file ⇨ classify■papers [plural] pieces of paper with writing on them such as letters, pieces of work or private documents文件；文献◆His desk was covered with books and papers.他的办公桌上全是书和文件。◆I was sorting through his papers when I came upon a letter from my mother.我在整理他的文件时偶然发现一封我妈妈的来信。ⓘ Papers can also be official documents that give you permission to do sth or prove your identity. * papers也可指官方证明或证件。 see also papers ⇨ certificate■archive /ˈɑːkaɪv; NAmEˈɑːrkaɪv/ [countable] ( archives [plural]) a collection of historical documents or records of a government, family, place or organization档案；档案库◆These papers are an important part of the national archive.这些文件是国家档案馆的一个重要组成部分。◆The data is now held in the company archives.这份资料现在保存在公司的档案室里。◆The recording is preserved in the BBC's sound archive.该录音保存在英国广播公司的音响档案库中。◆It is one of the most important film archives in the world.这是世界上最重要的胶片档案之一。■deed [countable] (often plural in British English英式英语中常作复数) a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house, a building or land（尤指房地产）契约，证书◆The deeds to the property are with my lawyer.这份房地产的契约在我的律师那里。◆Who currently keeps the title deed(= a deed showing who owns sth)?那份所有权凭证目前在谁手里？■paperwork /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk; NAmEˈpeɪpərwɜːrk/ [uncountable] all the documents that you need for sth, for example a court case or buying a house（诉讼案件、购置房产等所需的）全部文件，全部资料◆We can get the necessary paperwork signed tomorrow.明天我们就可以完成相关文件的签署手续了。 see also paperwork ⇨ bureaucracy■dossier /ˈdɒsieɪ; NAmEˈdɔːsieɪ, ˈdɑːsieɪ/ [countable] (formal) a collection of documents that contain information about a person, event or subject材料汇编；卷宗；档案◆They kept dossiers on all trade union members.他们保存着所有工会会员的档案。◆The group compiled a dossier of patients' complaints.该团体将病人的投诉汇编成册。