| 例句 |
delinquent adj.
⇨ illegaldelinquent noun
⇨ criminal illegal adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ wrong 4 另见wrong条第4义illegal ♦︎ criminal ♦︎ unlawful ♦︎ unconstitutional ♦︎ illicit ♦︎ punishable ♦︎ illegitimate ♦︎ delinquent ♦︎ pirateThese words all describe people, things or activities that are not allowed, especially by law. 这些词均表示不合法的、违法的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an illegal / a criminal / an unlawful / an unconstitutional / an illicit / a delinquent act◆illegal / criminal / unlawful / illicit / delinquent activity / conduct◆illegal / criminal / unlawful / illicit possession of drugs / weapons◆an illegal / illicit substance / drug◆a criminal / a punishable offence◆criminal / unlawful violence■ illegal not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆Most of these jobs are done by illegal immigrants.这些工作大多由非法移民来做。◆It's illegal to drive through a red light.开车闯红灯是违法行为。ⓘ Illegal can be used either before a noun or after a linking verb. Common collocates are dumping, gambling, possession, practices, trade, transactions, exports and payments. It is most common for illegal to be used to describe an activity, but it can also be used to describe a thing or person, especially in the phrases illegal drugs/substances/organizations/immigrants. * illegal既可用在名词前，也可用在连系动词后。常见搭配词有dumping、gambling、possession、practice、trade、transaction、export和payment。illegal最常用于描述活动，但也可描述事物或人，尤用于短语illegal drugs/substances/organizations/immigrants（违禁药物／物品；非法组织／移民）。 OPP legal ⇨ legal ▸ illegally adverb ◆an illegally parked car违章停放的汽车◆He entered the country illegally.他通过非法途径进入了这个国家。■ criminal [usually before noun] (rather formal or law 法律) connected with or involving crime 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的◆It should be a criminal offence to inflict cruelty on any wild animal.虐待任何野生动物都应属犯罪。◆He had three criminal convictions and a history of violence.他有三项犯罪记录，还有过暴力行为。ⓘ Criminal is used in legal contexts, mainly to talk about acts. Common collocates of criminal are activity, acts, assault, behaviour, charges, conviction, damage, gang, negligence, offence, sexual conduct, violence and wrongdoing. * criminal用于法律语境，主要描述行为。常见搭配词有 activity、acts、assault、behaviour、charges、conviction、damage、gang、negligence、offence、sexual conduct、violence和wrongdoing。 see also crime ⇨ crime 1 ▸ criminally adverb ◆The owners were very negligent but they were not criminally negligent (= their negligence was not a crime).这些业主严重疏忽大意，但尚未构成过失罪。■ unlawful (formal or law 法律) not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆The jury returned a verdict of unlawful killing.陪审团作出了非法杀人的有罪判决。ⓘ Unlawful is used in legal contexts, especially to talk about acts that would be allowed by law in a different situation. Common collocates are acts, conduct, killing, means, possession, sex, violence and wounding. * unlawful用于法律语境，尤用来描述换一种情况则可能合法的行为。常见搭配词有acts、conduct、killing、means、possession、sex、violence和wounding。 OPP lawful ⇨ legal ■ unconstitutional / /ˌʌnˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl; NAmE ˌʌnˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənl/ not allowed by the constitution of a country or organization 违背宪法的；违反宪章（或章程）的◆The judges declared the decision unconstitutional.法官宣布该决议违宪。ⓘ A constitution is the system or laws and basic principles that a country or organization is governed by. * constitution指国家宪法或组织章程。 OPP constitutional ⇨ legal ■ illicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ / not allowed by the law 不合法的；非法的；违法的◆They do not support any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.他们不支持任何涉及违禁药物的行为。ⓘ Illicit is usually used to talk about drugs, and activities connected with them. You can also talk about illicit sex, but while illegal sex is not allowed by law, illict sex is legal, but not approved of by the normal rules of society. * illicit通常用于描述药物和与药物相关的非法活动。还可以说illicit sex，指不犯法但违背社会常规的不正当性行为；illegal sex则指不合法的性行为。■ punishable (of a crime) that can be punished, especially by law （罪行）可以惩罚的；（尤指）应法办的◆This is a crime punishable by / with imprisonment.这是可判监禁的罪行。◆Giving false information to the police is a punishable offence.向警方谎报情况是应受惩处的罪行。■ illegitimate / /ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət/ / (formal) not allowed by a particular set of rules or by law 不符合规定的；非法的◆He has been accused of illegitimate use of company property.他被控违规使用公司财产。 OPP legitimate ⇨ legal ■ delinquent / /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ / (rather formal) (especially of young people or their behaviour) showing a tendency to commit crimes （尤指青年人或其行为）有违法倾向的◆She spent a year in an institution for delinquent teenagers.她在青少年管教所待过一年。 see also delinquency ⇨ crime 1 ■ pirate / /ˈpaɪrət/ / [only before noun](of copies of books, CDs, DVDs, etc.) made and sold illegally; (of a radio station) broadcasting illegally （书、光盘等）盗版的；（电台）非法播音的◆a pirate CD / video / DVD / cassette / edition / copy / recording盗版激光唱片／录像带／数字影碟／卡式磁带／版本／复制品／录音制品◆a pirate radio station非法电台 criminal noun criminal ♦︎ offender ♦︎ culprit ♦︎ sinner ♦︎ felon ♦︎ crook ♦︎ delinquentThese are all words for a person who does sth that is wrong, dishonest or against the law. 这些词均表示犯错的人、罪犯、违法者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a convicted / habitual criminal / offender / felon◆to catch a criminal / an offender / the culprit / a crook◆to identify / apprehend a criminal / an offender / a culprit◆to convict / sentence a criminal / an offender◆to punish criminals / offenders / the culprit / sinners / felons■ criminal [countable] a person who commits a crime 罪犯◆Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do).社会不知道怎样处置惯犯。◆I was treated just like a common criminal.我受到如同普通罪犯一般的对待。◆ (BrE) Sending these youngsters to prison simply trains them to become professional criminals.把这些年轻人送进监狱简直是培训他们成为职业罪犯。◆ (NAmE) career criminals职业罪犯■ offender [countable] (rather formal) a person who commits a crime; a person or thing that does sth wrong 犯罪者；违法者；祸害◆He spent some time in a young offender institution.他在青少年罪犯管教所待了一些时间。◆First offenders (= people who had never committed a crime before this one) were treated more leniently.以前对待初犯者较为宽大。◆He favours tougher punishments for repeat offenders (= people who commit the same crime more than once).他赞成对累犯者处以更严厉的惩罚。◆Child protection groups are calling for a national register of sex offenders (= people found guilty of illegal sexual acts).儿童保护团体要求在全国范围内对性犯罪者做登记。◆When it comes to pollution, the chemical industry is a major offender.谈到环境污染问题，化工产业是一大祸害。NOTE 辨析 Criminal or offender? Criminal suggests that not only has sb committed a crime, but that they have a tendency to commit crimes. Offender simply means that sb has broken the law at least once. For example, a driver who has broken the speed limit is an offender, but you would not call them a criminal. Offender is the word that is preferred by people whose job involves dealing with people who break the law. * criminal指已经犯罪且有犯罪倾向的人。offender仅指至少违法一次的人。例如，超速的司机是offender，但不会称之为criminal。offender是与违法者打交道的人偏好使用的词。■ culprit / /ˈkʌlprɪt/ / [countable] a person who has done sth wrong or against the law; a person or thing responsible for causing a problem 犯错的人；罪犯；罪魁祸首◆The police quickly identified the real culprits.警方很快查出了真正的罪犯。◆The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques.当前这场危机的罪魁祸首似乎是现代农业技术。NOTE 辨析 offender or culprit? Culprit is nearly always used after the, because it is used to talk about the person, people or thing responsible for a particular thing that has happened. The most common adjectives used for describing a culprit are biggest, main, major, prime, real and worst. Offender can also be used in this way, although it is a little more formal than culprit. * culprit几乎总是用于定冠词the之后，因其指的是对发生的特定事件负责的人或事物。最常用于描述culprit的形容词是biggest、main、major、prime、real和worst。offender亦可这样用，但是它比culprit稍为正式。■ sinner [countable] (formal) a person who has committed a sin or sins (= broken God's law) 罪人◆God forgives all sinners who repent.上帝原谅所有忏悔的罪人。■ felon / /ˈfelən/ / [countable] (especially NAmE, law 法律) a person who has committed a felony (= a serious crime such as murder or rape) 重罪犯◆The law requires convicted felons entering the state to register their address with the police.这项法律要求进入该州的已定罪重犯向警方登记住址。■ crook / /krʊk/ / [countable] (informal) a dishonest person, especially one who steals money 骗子（尤指偷钱者）◆That salesman is a real crook.那个推销员真是个骗子。◆The film portrays a world of small-time crooks, petty crime and drinking clubs.那部电影描绘的世界里有不高明的骗子、不严重的犯罪和饮酒俱乐部。■ delinquent / /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ / [countable] (rather formal) a person, especially a young person, who shows a tendency to commit crime 有违法倾向者（尤指青少年）◆What can be done to help these juvenile deliquents turn away from crime?可以做点什么来帮助这些少年犯远离犯罪？ |