| 例句 |
estimate noun
⇨ estimate (a rough estimate of the size) ⇨ valuation (get estimates for the repair work)estimate verb
⇨ estimate estimate noun estimate ♦︎ count ♦︎ calculation ♦︎ tally ♦︎ reckoningThese are all words for ways of using numbers to guess or find out an amount or total. 这些词均表示估计、计算。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / an accurate / precise estimate / count / calculation◆a rough / quick / approximate estimate / count / calculation◆to make an estimate / a calculation◆to do a count / calculation◆to keep a count / tally of sth◆By my / his, etc. estimate / calculations / reckoning...■ estimate [countable] a judgement that you make about the size, amount, cost, etc. of sth, without having the exact details or figures （对大小、数量、成本等的）估计，估算◆I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。◆a ballpark estimate (= an approximate estimate) 大致的估算◆These are the official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade.下面是政府对今后十年交通增长的官方估计。◆At least 5 000 people were killed, and that's a conservative estimate (= the real figure will be higher).至少5 000人丧生，而且是保守估计。■ count [countable, usually singular] an act of counting to find the total number of sth; the total number that you find; an act of saying numbers in order beginning with 1 数出总数；总数；（按顺序的）数数◆If the election result is close, there will be a second count.如果选举结果很接近，将进行第二次计票。◆ (BrE) At the last count she had 43 cats!根据最新数字统计，她有43只猫！◆ (NAmE) At last count she had 43 cats!根据最新数字统计，她有43只猫！◆The body count (= the total number of people who have died) stands at 24.死亡人数总计24人。◆I've lost count of the (= forgotten how many) times I've heard that joke.我已经记不清那个笑话听过多少回了。◆On the count of three, take one step forward.数到三，就向前迈一步。 see also count ⇨ count verb ■ calculation [countable, uncountable] the act or process of using numbers to find out an amount 计算◆She made a rough calculation in her head.她在脑子里粗略地算了算。◆By my calculations, we made a profit of £20 000 last year.我算了一下，我们去年的盈利达2万英镑。◆Our guess was confirmed by calculation.我们的猜测经计算得到了证实。 see also calculate ⇨ calculate NOTE 辨析 Count or calculation? Count refers to adding numbers together; calculation often refers to other mathematical functions such as multiplying and dividing numbers. * count指加总，calculation常涉及其他运算方式，如乘除等。■ tally [countable] a record of the number or amount of sth, especially one that you can keep adding to （数目的）记录；积分表；账◆Keep a tally of how much you spend while you're away.把你外出期间的花费都记录下来。◆She scored four more points, taking her tally to 15.她又得了四分，总计15分。 see also tally ⇨ count verb ■ reckoning [uncountable, countable] the act of using numbers to find out an amount, especially in a way that is not very exact 估算；估计；计算◆By my reckoning you still owe me £5.我算过了，你还欠我5英镑。 valuation noun valuation ♦︎ estimate ♦︎ quote ♦︎ quotation ♦︎ costingThese are all words for a judgement that is made about how much money sth is worth or will cost. 这些词均表示对价值的评估、估价。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an estimate / a quote / a quotation for a piece of work◆a high / low valuation / estimate / quote / quotation◆a detailed valuation / estimate / quote / quotation / costing◆a stock / market / share valuation / quote / quotation◆to give / provide / get / obtain / accept a valuation / an estimate / a quote / a quotation■ valuation [countable, uncountable] a professional judgement about how much sth is worth; its estimated value （专业的）估价；估定的价值；估值◆Surveyors carried out a valuation of the property.鉴定人员对这处房产作出了估价。◆methods of land valuation土地的估价方法◆Experts set a high valuation on the painting.专家对这幅画估价很高。 see also value ⇨ price verb ■ estimate [countable] a statement of how much a piece of work will probably cost 估计的成本；估价◆We got estimates for the repair work from three firms and accepted the lowest.我们收到三家公司对这项修复工程的估价，最后选取了其中报价最低者。 see also estimate ⇨ estimate verb ■ quote [countable] (informal, especially spoken) a statement of exactly how much a piece of work will cost 报价；估价◆Theirs was the lowest quote, so we went with them (= got them to do the work).他们的报价最低，所以我们让他们来做这项工作。▸ quote verb [transitive] ◆They quoted us £300 for installing a shower unit.他们向我们开价300英镑安装淋浴设备。■ quotation [countable] (rather formal) a quote 报价；估价◆You should always get a written quotation from builders before they start work.你应该每次都在建筑公司开工之前拿到他们的报价单。NOTE 辨析 Quote or quotation?These words have exactly the same meaning, but quote is more informal. In Business English both quote and quotation also mean 'a statement of the current value of goods or a company on the stock market'. 这两个词的含义完全相同，只是quote不太正式。在商务英语中quote和quotation还可表示“货物或公司目前在股市上的牌价”◆It was the first football club to have a full stock market quotation.这是第一个公开上市的足球俱乐部。 (informal) ◆Check stock quotes and email messages on your mobile phone.用手机查阅股价和电邮信息。Business journalism often uses quite informal language; business letters are more formal. 商务新闻经常使用较非正式的语言，商务信函则正式得多。 ■ costing [countable] (BrE) an estimate of how much sth such as a new service or product will probably cost （对新服务或新产品的）成本计算，成本估算◆Here is a detailed costing of our proposals.这是我们的方案的详细成本计算。◆You'd better do some costings.你最好作一些成本估算。 see also cost ⇨ price verb NOTE 辨析 Estimate or costing?An estimate is usually for a single piece of work. A costing or costings is/are for a service or product, including estimates of all the work involved. Estimate emphasizes the final figure; costing emphasizes the process of working out that figure. * estimate通常指对一项工作的成本估算，costing或costings则指对服务或产品的成本估算，包括对所有相关工作的估算。estimate强调最终的数字，costing则强调得出该数字的计算过程。 estimate verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ calculate and ⇨ count 另见calculate条和count条estimate ♦︎ guess ♦︎ judge ♦︎ reckon ♦︎ calculate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ figure ♦︎ extrapolateThese words all mean to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth but without calculating it exactly. 这些词均表示估计、估算。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / extrapolate sth from sth◆to estimate / reckon / calculate sth at sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / figure / extrapolate that...◆to estimate / guess / judge / figure / calculate / gauge how much / how many / how far, etc.◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / figure sth to be sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / calculate / gauge the amount / value / size / distance◆to estimate / guess / calculate sb / sth's age◆to estimate / judge / gauge the depth■ estimate [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to form an idea of the likely cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating it exactly 估计；估算◆Police estimated the size of the crowd at 50 000.警方估计人群约有5万人。◆Estimate the time it will take to complete each section.估算一下完成每一部分需要的时间。◆The satellite will cost an estimated $500m.估计这颗卫星将耗资5亿元。◆It is estimated that the project will last about four years.据估计，这项工程将历时四年。 see also estimate ⇨ valuation noun ■ guess [transitive] to find the right answer to a question or the truth about sth without knowing all the facts 猜对；猜中；猜到◆She guessed the answer straight away.她一下子就猜中了答案。◆I guessed, rightly, that the keys would be under the doormat.我猜对了，钥匙在门垫下面。◆You'll never guess where they've gone.你绝对猜不到他们去哪儿了。 see also guess ⇨ speculation noun ■ judge [transitive] to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactly 估计，猜测（大小、数量等）◆Young children are unable to judge the speed of traffic.小孩子不懂得估算车辆的速度。◆I judged him to be about 50.我估计他约莫50岁左右。NOTE 辨析 Estimate or judge? Estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs, which you would have to calculate to know exactly. Judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds, which you would have to measure to know exactly. People often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculated exactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have. People often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully about all the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide. * estimate尤指对须计算才能得到准确数值的事物进行估算，如cost（成本）。judge多与distance、depth、speed搭配，指对需要测量才能得出具体数据的距离、深度、速度等方面进行判定。estimate常指根据已有信息，对所需的费用和时间等不能确切计算的概念进行仔细评估。judge常指凭借经验迅速对距离和速度作出判断，而不是对所有的信息仔细考量后再作出判定。■ reckon [transitive, often passive] to estimate an amount or time approximately 估算；估计◆The age of the earth is reckoned to be about 4 600 million years.估计地球的年龄大约为46亿年。◆They reckon (that) their profits were down by 30%.他们估计利润减少了30%。◆The trip was reckoned to take over two days.这次旅行估计要花两天多。ⓘ An amount or time that is reckoned may be more approximate than one that has been estimated. * reckon对时间的估算要比estimate更准确。■ calculate [transitive] to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available 预测；推测◆It's impossible to calculate the extent of his influence on her.无法估计他对她的影响有多大。◆Environmentalists calculate that hundreds of plant species may be affected.环保主义者预测数百种植物可能受到影响。 see also calculate ⇨ calculate ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to estimate the level or amount of sth approximately 估计，估算（水平或数量）◆We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.我们可以根据树的摆动估算风力强度。 see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ figure [transitive] (especially NAmE, rather informal) to estimate the amount, cost or age of sb/sth, especially approximately 估计，估算（数量、成本或年龄）◆If we can figure roughly how much it will cost, we can decide what to do.如果我们能大致估算出费用是多少，就能决定怎么走下一步了。ⓘ In American English figure can also be used to talk about calculating sth exactly. 在美式英语中，figure还可表示准确计算。 see also figure ⇨ calculate ■ extrapolate / /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one 推断；推知；推算◆The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.这些数据是根据过去的趋势推断出来的。◆These results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups.这些结果不能够推及到其他患者群。▸ extrapolation noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Their age can be determined by extrapolation from their growth rate.它们的年龄可以从它们的生长速度来推定。 |