| 例句 |
excess adj.
⇨ excessexcess noun
⇨ rest 1 excess adjective excess ♦︎ spare ♦︎ surplus ♦︎ superfluous ♦︎ leftoverThese words all describe an amount or number that is more than you want or need. 这些词均表示过剩的、多余的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an excess / a surplus amount◆excess / surplus demand / supply◆excess / spare / surplus cash / capacity / energy◆excess / surplus / leftover food ■ excess / /ˈekses/ / [only before noun] more than is necessary, usual or legal 超额的；超出的；过度的◆Excess food is stored as fat.多余的食物化作脂肪贮存起来。◆Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.驾车时血液里酒精含量过高是严重的违法行为。▸ excess noun [uncountable, singular] ◆The drug can be harmful if taken in excess.过量服用这种药可能有害。◆He started drinking to excess after losing his job.他失业后便开始酗酒。◆The increase will not be in excess of (= more than) two per cent.增幅不会超过百分之二。◆Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?你生活中的压力是否太大？■ spare [usually before noun] that is not being used or is not needed at the present time; kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use 不用的；闲置的；备用的◆We've got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay.要是愿意你就住下，我们有一间空卧室。◆I'm afraid I haven't got any spare cash.抱歉，我手头没有闲钱。◆Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服，身上弄湿了可以换。■ surplus /ˈsɜːpləs; NAmE ˈsɜːrpləs/ more than is needed or used 过剩的；多余的◆Surplus grain is being sold for export.过剩的谷物正销往国外。◆These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed).这几项不需要。▸ surplus noun [countable, uncountable] ◆ (rather formal) Agricultural surpluses lead to the disposal of thousands of tonnes of food every year.农产品过剩造成每年有数千吨食物被丢弃。◆After meeting domestic needs any surplus will be exported.满足国内需求后所有的剩余产品都销往国外。OPP deficit , shortage ⇨ lack NOTE 辨析 Excess, spare or surplus? Spare is the most informal of these words, and is the one that is most likely to be used in spoken language and everyday contexts. Surplus is often used in business contexts to refer to extra goods or money. 这些词中spare最不正式，最常用于口语和日常语境。surplus常用于商务语境，指剩余商品或资金◆surplus stock / material / products, surplus capital / funds / income / profits剩余库存／材料／产品；剩余资本／资金／收入／利润To talk about an extra amount that is seen as a bad thing, excess is often used. * excess常指不好的事物过多的◆excess body fat / carbon dioxide / baggage过多的体内脂肪／二氧化碳；超重行李 ■ superfluous /suːˈpɜːfluəs, sjuːˈpɜːfluəs; NAmE suːˈpɜːrfluəs/ [not usually before noun] (rather formal) more than you need or want 过多；多余◆She gave him a look that made words superfluous.她看了他一眼，这已表明一切，无须多言了。■ leftover /ˈleftəʊvə(r); NAmE ˈleftoʊvər/ [only before noun] still remaining after you have eaten, drunk or used what you want or need 吃剩的；过剩的；多余的◆Use any leftover meat to make a curry.要是有剩肉就把它做成咖喱菜。ⓘ Leftover is used especially to talk about food, but it can also be used to talk about a supply of other things. * leftover尤用来修饰食物，但也可修饰其他东西◆leftover vegetables / porridge吃剩的蔬菜／粥◆leftover paper / paint / wool剩余的纸张／油漆／毛线 see also leftover ⇨ remains noun 2 rest1 noun the rest of the world 世界其他地区take a rest 休息一下the rest ♦︎ the remainder ♦︎ balance ♦︎ difference ♦︎ excessThese are all words for the remaining people or things, or the remaining part of sth. 这些词均表示其余的人、其他事物或剩余部分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the rest / remainder / balance of sth◆to pay the rest / remainder / balance / difference / excess◆to find / make up / pocket the rest / remainder / balance / difference◆to split the remainder / balance / difference■ the rest [singular + singular or plural verb] the remaining part of sth; the remaining people or things 剩余部分；其余的人；其他事物◆the rest of the world / my life / her money / the day / the people世界其他地区；我的余生；她剩余的钱；后半天；其他人◆Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你想要的拿走，其余的丢掉。◆Don't blame Alex. He's human, like the rest of us.不要责怪亚历克斯。他和我们大家一样，也是人。◆The first question was difficult, but the rest were pretty easy.第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。■ the remainder [singular + singular or plural verb] (rather formal) the remaining part of sth; the remaining people, things or numbers 剩余部分；其余的人；其他事物；差数；余数◆She lived the remainder of her life in Denmark.她在丹麦度过了余生。◆I kept some of his books and gave the remainder away.我保留了一些他的书，其他的都送人了。NOTE 辨析 Rest or remainder? Remainder is a more formal word than rest, which is much more general. Remainder is also used in mathematics to mean 'the numbers left after one number has been divided into another'. * remainder比rest正式，rest含义宽泛得多。remainder亦用于数学，指余数◆Divide 2 into 7, and the answer is 3, remainder 1.7除以2，商3，余1。Also note that when the rest or the remainder refers to a plural noun, the verb is plural. 还要注意，当the rest或the remainder指复数名词时，动词也要用复数形式◆Most of our employees work in Rome; the rest / remainder are in Milan.我们的员工大多数在罗马，其余的在米兰。 ■ balance [countable, usually singular] the amount that is left after taking numbers or money away from a total; an amount of money still owed after some payment has been made 余额；结欠◆I need to check my bank balance (= to find out how much money there is in my account).我得查查我的账户余额。◆The balance of $500 must be paid within 90 days.500元结欠款必须于90天之内付清。■ difference [singular, uncountable] the amount by which one number, amount or level is smaller or greater than sth else （数字、数量或水平的）差，差额◆There's not much difference in price between the two computers.这两种计算机价格相差无几。◆There's an age difference of six years between the two boys (= one is six years older than the other).这两个男孩的年龄相差六岁。◆I'll lend you £500 and you'll have to find the difference (= the rest of the money you need).我借给你500英镑，其余的你自己解决。■ excess / /ɪkˈses/ / [countable, uncountable] the amount by which one number or amount, especially a payment, is larger than another （尤指支付的款项）多出的数额，超过的量◆We cover costs up to €600 and then you pay the excess.我们最多承担600欧元的费用，超出部分由你支付。 |