| 例句 |
excuse verb
⇨ exempt (be excused from giving evidence) ⇨ forgive (excuse the mess)excuse noun
⇨ reason exempt verb exempt ♦︎ spare ♦︎ pardon ♦︎ excuse ♦︎ get (sb) off the hook ♦︎ let sb off the hook ♦︎ let sb offThese words all mean to not punish sb for sth they have done wrong, or to give them only a light punishment. 这些词均表示免除惩罚、从轻发落。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to exempt / spare / excuse sb from sth■ exempt / /ɪgˈzempt/ / [transitive] (formal) to give or get sb official permission not to do sth or not to pay sth they would normally have to do or pay 免除；豁免◆In 1983, charities were exempted from paying the tax.1983年慈善机构均免付税款。◆His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.他视力不好，获准免除兵役。▸ exemption noun [uncountable, countable] ◆He applied for exemption from military service.他申请免除兵役。◆The owner was granted an exemption from the law and the painting was exported.油画的所有者被免除了法律责任，油画给卖到了国外。■ spare [transitive, usually passive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (literary) to allow sb/sth to escape harm, damage or death, especially when others do not escape it 饶恕；赦免；放过◆They killed the men but spared the children.他们杀死了大人，但放过了孩子。◆She begged them to spare her life.她求他们饶她一命。◆During the bombing only one house was spared (= was not hit by a bomb).在轰炸中，只有一座房子幸免。■ pardon [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to officially allow sb who has been found guilty of a crime to leave prison and/or avoid punishment 赦免；特赦◆She was pardoned after serving ten years of a life sentence.她被判终身监禁，服刑十年后被赦免了。▸ pardon noun [countable] ◆They were released from prison yesterday as a result of a presidential pardon.因总统特赦，他们昨天出狱了。■ excuse [transitive, usually passive] to give sb permission not to do sth that they would normally have to do 免除；豁免◆She was excused from giving evidence because of her age.她因年龄关系获准不予作证。NOTE 辨析 Exempt or excuse? Exempt is used especially when a whole group of people or organizations is given permission not to do sth, if they fall into a particular category; excuse is used especially when an individual asks for and is given permission not to do sth, because of their particular situation. However, exempt is used about individual people when the subject of the verb is not the person or law that gives permission, but the reason why it is given. * exempt尤指整个群体或多个组织因属于某一类别而获准免除义务，excuse尤指某人因特殊情况经要求获准免除义务。但是exempt表示赦免个人时，其主语并非是准予免责的人或法律，而是某种原因◆His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.他视力不好，获准免除兵役。 ■ get (sb) off the ˈhook■ let sb off the ˈhook idiom (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten; letting, let, let)to free yourself or sb else from a difficult situation or a punishment （使）免受处罚，逃脱惩罚◆Perhaps he could get off the hook by saying it was an accident?也许他只要说这是个意外就能脱身？◆Why should I let you off the hook? You stole from my shop!我为什么要放过你？你偷我店里的东西！ⓘ When you get sb off the hook, you arrange things so that they are not punished. When you get off the hook, especially in British English, you manage to avoid punishment yourself. When you let sb off the hook, you decide not to punish them. * get sb off the hook指通过精心安排使某人免受处罚；sb get off the hook指某人自己设法逃脱惩罚，英式英语中尤为如此；let sb off the hook指放过他人不予追究。■ ˌlet sb ˈoff phrasal verb (letting, let, let)to not punish sb for sth they have done wrong, or to give them only a light punishment 不惩罚；放过；从轻处罚◆They let us off lightly.他们对我们从轻发落了。◆She was let off with a warning.她被从轻处罚，只是受了个警告。ⓘ If you let sb off, you do not punish them. If you let sb off lightly/with a warning/with a caution, you only give them a light punishment. * let sb off指不惩罚某人，let sb off lightly/with a warning/with a caution指从轻处罚某人。 forgive verb forgive ♦︎ pardon ♦︎ condone ♦︎ excuseThese words all mean to accept sb's mistake or bad behaviour, or to stop being angry with sb who has made a mistake or behaved badly. 这些词均表示宽恕、原谅。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to forgive / pardon / condone / excuse sb for sth◆to forgive / condone / excuse sb's behaviour◆Forgive / Pardon / Excuse my ignorance.■ forgive (forgave, forgiven) [transitive] (especially spoken) to stop feeling angry with sb who has done sth to harm, annoy or upset you; to stop feeling angry with yourself 原谅；宽恕◆I'll never forgive her for what she did.她做了这种事，我绝不会原谅她。◆I can't forgive that type of behaviour.我不能宽恕那种行为。◆She'd forgive him anything.无论他做了什么，她都会原谅他。◆I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else.如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。◆I know what he did was wrong but don't you think it's time to forgive and forget (= stop being angry with him about it and behave as if it had not happened).我知道他犯了错，但你不认为现在该是捐弃前嫌的时候了吗？ⓘ In formal spoken English forgive can be used to say in a polite way that you are sorry if what you are doing or saying seems rude or silly. 在正式的口语中，forgive可表示对不起、请原谅◆Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly does the company do?请原谅我的无知，这家公司到底是干什么的？◆Forgive me, but I don't see that any of this concerns me.对不起，我看不出这跟我有什么关系。 see also forgiveness ⇨ mercy , forgiving ⇨ lenient ■ pardon [transitive] (rather formal, spoken) used to say in a polite way that you are sorry if what you are doing or saying seems rude or silly 对不起；请原谅◆Pardon my ignorance, but what is a 'duplex'?请原谅我的无知，duplex是什么呢？◆The place was, if you'll pardon the expression, a dump.那个地方，请恕我直言，简直是个垃圾场。◆Pardon me for interrupting you.对不起，打扰您了。 see also pardon ⇨ mercy noun ■ condone /kənˈdəʊn; NAmE kənˈdoʊn/ [transitive] (often used in negative sentences 常用于否定句) (rather formal) to accept behaviour that is morally wrong or to treat it as if it were not serious 容忍；纵容◆Terrorism can never be condoned.决不能容忍恐怖主义。◆The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.大学不能纵容任何涉及违禁药物的行为。ⓘ Note that you cannot condone a person; you can only condone (or refuse to condone) behaviour. 注意，condone的宾语不能是人，只能是行为。 OPP condemn ⇨ blame ■ excuse [transitive] (especially NAmE, especially spoken) used to ask sb not to be angry with sb, for example for not being polite or making a small mistake 原谅；宽恕◆Please excuse the mess.这里凌乱不堪，请见谅。◆I hope you'll excuse me for being so late.我来得这么晚，希望你能原谅。◆You'll have to excuse my father－he's not always that rude.请你原谅我父亲，他并不总是那样粗暴无礼。 see also excuse ⇨ reason noun reason noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ argument 2 另见argument条第2义reason ♦︎ explanation ♦︎ grounds ♦︎ basis ♦︎ excuse ♦︎ motive ♦︎ need ♦︎ justification ♦︎ cause ♦︎ pretextThese are all words for why sth has happened or sb has done sth. 这些词均表示原因、理由、理据。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reason / an explanation / grounds / a basis / an excuse / a motive / a need / justification / cause / a pretext for sth◆the reason / motive behind sth◆on the grounds / basis / pretext of / that...◆the reason / grounds / basis / excuse / justification / pretext that...◆(an) obvious reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) clear / legitimate reason / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) logical / personal / no apparent reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause◆(a) good / valid reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / cause◆(a) convincing reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / pretext◆(a) reasonable explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆the real reason / explanation / grounds / motive / justification / cause◆to have a reason / an explanation / grounds / an excuse / a motive / a justification / cause / a pretext◆to give / offer (sb) a reason / an explanation / an excuse / a justification / a pretext◆to suggest a reason / an explanation / grounds / a motive / a justification◆to see / understand / explain (the / sb's) reasons / grounds / motive / justification■ reason [countable, uncountable] why sth has happened or sb has done sth; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth （某事发生或做某事的）原因；正当理由；情理◆I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.我想知道你为什么迟到那么长时间。◆He said no but he didn't give a reason.他说不行，但没有说明原因。◆We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.我们不去，只是因为我们负担不起。◆For some reason (= one that I don't know or don't understand) we all have to come in early tomorrow.由于某种原因，我们大家明天都得一早就来。◆For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.为安全起见，门总是锁着的。◆They have reason to believe that he is lying.他们有理由认为他在撒谎。◆She complained, with reason (= rightly), that she had been underpaid.她抱怨给她的报酬太低，这是有道理的。 see also reason ⇨ conclude verb , reasoned ⇨ rational ■ explanation [countable, uncountable] a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth 解释；说明；阐述◆The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。◆I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.我想不出他缺席的任何理由。◆The book opens with an explanation of why some drugs are banned.本书开篇阐述了禁用某些药物的原因。◆She left the room abruptly without explanation.她未作解释就突然离开了房间。 see also explain ⇨ explain 2 ■ grounds [plural] (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth （说话、做事或相信某事的）充分的理由，根据◆You have no grounds for complaint.你没有理由抱怨。◆He retired from the job on health grounds.他因健康原因离职。◆Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.雇主不得有年龄歧视。■ basis [singular] (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action 原因；缘由◆She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications and ideas.她因资质和理念适合而获选担任这一职位。◆On what basis will this decision be made?作出这个决定的缘由会是什么？ⓘ Basis is usually used in the phrases on the basis of/that... or On what basis...? * basis通常用于短语on the basis of/that ...或On what basis ...?。■ excuse / /ɪkˈskjuːs/ / [countable] a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons 借口；（真实或编造的）原因；（正当的）理由◆Late again! What's your excuse this time?又迟到了！你这次有什么借口？◆There's no excuse for such behaviour.这种行为说不过去。◆You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her behaviour).你不必为她开脱了。◆It gave me an excuse to take the car.这使我有理由开车去。 see also excuse ⇨ forgive verb ■ motive / /ˈməʊtɪv; NAmE ˈmoʊtɪv/ [countable] a reason that explains sb's behaviour 动机；（解释某人行为的）原因◆There seemed to be no motive for the murder.这起谋杀案看似没有动机。◆I'm suspicious of his motives.我怀疑他的动机。◆I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you.我主动提出要帮助你是有私心的。 see also motivation ⇨ incentive ■ need [singular, uncountable] (usually used in negative statements 通常用于否定陈述) a good reason to do sth 需要；必须◆There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。◆I had no need to open the letter－I knew what it would say.我没必要拆开那封信－我知道里面会说些什么。ⓘ In this meaning, need is almost always used in the phrases There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth. and have no need to do sth. 表达此义时，need几乎总是用于短语There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth和have no need to do sth。■ justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done （某事物存在或做某事的）正当理由◆I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.我看不出还有何理由再加税。◆The government is struggling to find a justification for this war.政府在为这场战争竭力寻找理由。 see also justify ⇨ explain 2 NOTE 辨析 Grounds or justification? Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law. * justification用于表示想知道或想明白为什么会这么做，或力图说明为什么应这么做，常与little、no、some、every、without和not any等词连用。grounds多指现成的理由，或已确定的根据，如法律上的◆moral / economic / constitutional / environmental / ethical / medical / legal grounds道德／经济／宪法／环境／伦理／医学／法律依据 ■ cause [uncountable] (rather formal) a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way （有某种感受或做某种行为的）理由，动机，缘故◆There is no cause for alarm / concern.没有理由惊慌／担忧。◆If your child is absent without good cause (= without a good reason), you may receive a warning from the school board.如果你的孩子无故缺席，你将收到校董事会的警告。■ pretext / /ˈpriːtekst/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason （为了掩盖真实原因的）借口，托词◆The incident was used as a pretext for intervention in the area.这次事件成了干涉该地区的借口。◆He left the party early on the pretext of having work to do.他借口有事要处理，早早离开了聚会。 |