folk noun ⇨mother (spend the weekend with your folks)⇨people1 (ordinary everyday folk)folk adj. ⇨cultural
mother,
father
noun
mother ♦︎ father ♦︎ parent ♦︎ mum/mom ♦︎ dad ♦︎ daddy ♦︎ mummy/mommy ♦︎ guardian ♦︎ stepfather/stepmother ♦︎ folksThese are all words for a man or woman who has a child or children.这些词均表示父亲或母亲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a good / bad mother / father / parent / mum / mom / dad◆a caring / loving / doting / devoted / proud mother / father / parent / mum / mom / dad◆a stern / strict mother / father / parent / guardian / stepfather / stepmother◆a / sb's new mother / father / parent / mum / mom / dad / stepfather / stepmother◆a single mother / father / parent / mum / mom◆(an) unmarried mother / father / parents / mum◆a widowed mother / father / parent◆sb's birth / real / biological / natural mother / father / parents◆a foster mother / father / parent / mum◆sb's adoptive mother / father / parents◆a surrogate mother / father / parent / mum / mom / dad◆(a) working mother / parents / mum / mom◆to take after / inherit sth from your mother / father / parents / mum / mom / dad / daddy / mummy / mommy◆to become a / sb's mother / father / parent / mum / mom / dad / guardian / stepfather / stepmother■mother [countable] a woman who has a son or daughter, or a female animal who has produced young; a person who is acting as a mother to a child母亲；妈妈◆the relationship between mother and baby母婴关系◆She's the mother of twins.她有一对双胞胎。◆She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.她对亲生的和领养的孩子都很好。◆an expectant(= pregnant) mother孕妇◆the mother chimpanzee caring for her young照料幼崽的母猩猩▸motherly
adjective
◆motherly love / advice / instincts慈母般的爱／忠告；母亲的本能■fathera man who has a son or daughter, or a male animal who has young; a person who is acting as the father to a child父亲；爸爸◆Ben's a wonderful father.本是个极好的父亲。◆You've been like a father to me.你对我一直像父亲一样。◆Our new boss is a father of three(= he has three children).我们的新老板是三个孩子的父亲。▸fatherly
adjective
◆fatherly advice慈父般的忠告■parent [countable, usually plural] a person's father or mother父亲（或母亲）◆He's still living with his parents.他仍然和父母住在一起。◆There are many more single parent families than there used to be.现在的单亲家庭比过去增加了很多。▸parental / /pəˈrentl/ /
adjective
[usually before noun] ◆parental responsibility / rights父母的责任／权利▸parenting
noun
[uncountable] ◆good / poor parenting教养有方／无方◆parenting skills / classes教养子女的技巧／课程■mum (BrE) (NAmEmom) [countable] (informal, especiallyspoken) (often used as a name常用作称呼) a mother妈妈；妈◆My mum says I can't go.我妈说我不能去。◆Mom can speak French and Spanish.妈妈会说法语和西班牙语。◆Happy Birthday, Mom.妈妈，生日快乐！◆A lot of mums and dads have the same worries.许多父母都有同样的担忧。◆The group is aimed at new mums with young babies.该群体针对的是初为人母的女性。■dad [countable] (informal, especiallyspoken) (often used as a name常用作称呼) a father爸爸；爸；爹爹◆That's my dad over there.那边那位是我爸爸。◆Do you live with your mum or your dad?你和妈妈还是和爸爸住在一起？◆Is it OK if I borrow the car, Dad?爸爸，借用一下汽车好吗？NOTE辨析 Mother and father or mum and dad?In spoken language, mum/mom and dad are much more frequent. It sounds formal to say my mother/father.在口语中，mum（或mom）和dad常用得多。my mother/father听上去很正式。■daddy [countable] (informal, especiallyspoken) (used especially by or to young children, often as a name尤作儿语，常作称呼) a father爸爸；爸；爹爹◆What does your daddy look like?你爸爸长什么样？◆Daddy, where are you?爸爸，你在哪儿？◆Come to Daddy.到爸爸这儿来。■mummy (BrE) (NAmEmommy) [countable] (informal, especiallyspoken) (used especially by or to young children, often as a name尤作儿语，常作称呼) a mother妈咪◆'I want my mummy!' he wailed.他哭叫着：“我要妈妈！”◆My knee hurts, Mommy!妈妈，我膝盖疼！◆Mummy and Daddy will be back soon.爸爸妈妈就要回来了。■guardian /ˈgɑːdiən; NAmEˈgɑːrdiən/ [countable] a person who is legally responsible for the care of another person, especially a child whose parents have died（尤指双亲已故的孩子的）监护人◆I was left alone to live with my aunt, who became my legal guardian.我被孤零零地撇下跟姨妈生活，她成了我的法定监护人。■stepfather■stepmother [countable] the man/woman who is married to your mother/father, but who is not your real father/mother继父；继母◆He lives at home with his mother and stepfather.他跟母亲和继父一起住在家里。◆Is there a wicked stepmother in your story?你的故事里是否有一个邪恶的继母？ⓘ The word step-parent can be used, but it is not common. * step-parent可用，但不常用。■folks /fəʊks; NAmEfoʊks/ [plural] (especially NAmE, informal) your parents老爸老妈◆I'm going to see my folks this weekend.我打算这周末去看我老爸老妈。 see also folk ⇨ people1
people1
noun
young/working-class/disabled people年轻人；劳动大众；残疾人tribal peoples各部落➡ See also the entry for ⇨ person另见person条people ♦︎ folkThese words are both used to refer to people in general.这两个词均表示人们。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆young / elderly / old / rich / poor / black / white people / folk◆common / ordinary / working / working-class / everyday people / folk◆decent / good / honest / law-abiding / friendly people / folk◆city / country / local people / folk■people [plural] more than one person; persons in general; everyone人；人们；大家◆At least ten people were killed in the crash.至少十人在这场相撞事故中遇难。◆Many young people are out of work.很多年轻人失业。◆He doesn't care what people think of him.他不在意人们怎么看他。◆She tends to annoy people.她往往惹人生气。■folk /fəʊk; NAmEfoʊk/ ( folks, especially in NAmE) [plural] (informal) people in general人们◆It's the ordinary everyday folk who come to shop at the market.来市场购物的都是普通民众。◆I'd like a job working with old folk or kids.我想找一份和老人或孩子打交道的工作。◆ (NAmE) Folks say that he is a hard man.据说他不近人情。 see also folks ⇨ mother
cultural
adjective
cultural ♦︎ national ♦︎ ethnic ♦︎ native ♦︎ racial ♦︎ tribal ♦︎ indigenous ♦︎ folkThese words all describe sth connected with a particular country, culture or group of people.这些词均表示民族文化的、种族的、民间的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆native / indigenous to somewhere◆a cultural / a national / an ethnic / a racial / a tribal / an indigenous group◆a cultural / an ethnic / a native / a tribal / an indigenous community◆native / tribal / indigenous population / peoples / leaders◆cultural / national / tribal / indigenous / folk traditions◆a national / an ethnic / a native / a tribal / an indigenous language◆national / ethnic / native / tribal / folk dress / costume◆ethnic / native / indigenous / folk art / music◆sb's cultural / national / ethnic / racial identity / origin◆a cultural / national / racial stereotype◆cultural / ethnic / racial / tribal divisions◆cultural / ethnic / racial differences / factors / background / diversity / minorities◆native / indigenous species / plants■cultural [usually before noun] connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs and beliefs与文化有关的；文化的◆Teachers need to be aware of cultural differences.教师需要了解文化差异。◆The custom is deeply rooted in the religious and cultural heritage of the region.这项风俗深深地根植于这个地区的宗教和文化传统。▸culturally
adverb
◆a culturally diverse society多元文化的社会■national [usually before noun] connected with or typical of a particular country; shared by all the people of a country国家的；民族的；全国的◆During your visit, you should take the opportunity to sample the national dish.逗留期间，你应该借机品尝该国的民族风味菜。◆This is not just a sporting event; for many it is a matter of national pride.这不仅是一项体育赛事。对许多人而言，这事关民族尊严。 see also nation ⇨ country1■ethnic [usually before noun] connected with or belonging to a nation, race or tribe that shares a cultural tradition; happening or existing between people of different races or tribes; typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern western culture and therefore interesting for people in western cultures民族的；种族（间）的；具有民族特色的；异国风情的◆This region of Bulgaria has a large ethnic Turkish population.保加利亚的这一地区有很多土耳其族人。◆The conference strongly condemned the practice of ethnic cleansing(= mass killing of one ethnic group by another).大会强烈谴责了种族清洗行为。◆The country is divided along ethnic lines.这个国家按民族划分界线。◆There was a stall selling ethnic jewellery from Afghanistan.有一个摊位销售来自阿富汗的民族特色珠宝首饰。ⓘ Ethnic has become a more popular word in recent years to describe a person's background or origins, or the group they belong to, in phrases such as ethnic group/origin/minority. It is considered more general and less offensive than words such as race or tribe. It can describe not just the racial background of a group of people, but also their religion, customs and culture. * ethnic近年成为一个更为流行的词，描述人的背景或出身，或所属的族裔，用在ethnic group/origin/minority等短语中。ethnic被认为含义比较宽泛，比race或tribe冒犯性要小，不仅可描述某群体的种族背景，还可描述其宗教、风俗和文化。 see also ethnic group ⇨ people2▸ethnically
adverb
◆an ethnically divided region种族分裂地区■native [only before noun] connected with the place where you were born and lived for the first years of your life, the place where you have always lived or a place where you have lived for a long time出生地的；儿时居住地的；本地的；当地的◆It's a long time since he visited his native Poland.他很久没有回故乡波兰了。◆Her native language is German.她的母语是德语。◆His work is barely known in his native country of Sweden.他的著作在他的祖国瑞典鲜有人知。◆Are you a native Berliner(= a person who has always lived in Berlin)?你是土生土长的柏林人吗？ⓘ Native can also mean 'connected with the people who originally lived in a country before other people, especially white people, came there'. * native亦可表示“原住民的”◆The native peoples depend on the forest for their livelihoods.土著族群以森林为生。Some people find this use of the word offensive and prefer the term indigenous; however, Native American is still the preferred term for members of the races of people who were the original people living in America. As with many words to describe race, the most acceptable terms often change over time.有人认为native的这种用法有冒犯性，倾向于用indigenous；不过，仍倾向于用Native American指美洲各种族的原住居民。有许多描述种族的词，认可度最高的用语常随时间而改变。ⓘ Native can also describe animals or plants that exist naturally in a place. In this meaning it can be used before a noun or in the phrase native to a place. * native亦可表示动植物原产于某地的。表达此义时，它可用于名词前，或用在native to后跟某个地区的短语中◆Introduced species are often a threat to native plants.引进的物种常威胁原生植物。◆There are about 17 hedgehog species native to Europe, Asia and Africa.在欧洲、亚洲和非洲，约有17种原生刺猬。OPPforeign,alien ⇨ foreign see also native ⇨ citizennoun, native ⇨ residentnoun■racial / /ˈreɪʃl/ / [usually before noun] happening or existing between people of different races; connected with a person's race种族的；种族间的；人种的◆The killings came at the end of a week of racial violence.一个星期的种族暴乱后，杀戮开始了。◆He struggled to overcome racial prejudice.他努力克服种族偏见。 see also race ⇨ people2▸racially
adverb
◆The attacks were not racially motivated.袭击事件不是由种族原因引起的。◆racially mixed schools不分种族的学校■tribal / /ˈtraɪbl/ / [usually before noun] connected with a tribe or tribes; happening or existing between people of different tribes部落（间）的；部族（间）的◆In rural areas, family and tribal loyalties remain important.在农村地区，忠于家庭和宗族依然重要。◆The area had been ravaged by tribal warfare.这个地区遭部落战争毁坏殆尽。 see also tribe ⇨ people2■indigenous / /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ / (formal) (of people or their culture, animals or plants) belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else（人、文化、动植物）本地的，当地的，土生土长的◆Antarctica has no indigenous population.南极洲没有原住人口。◆The reserve supports a wide range of indigenous species.那个保护区育有许多本地物种。◆The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia.袋鼠原产于澳大利亚。■folk /fəʊk; NAmEfoʊk/ [only before noun](of art or culture) traditional and typical of the ordinary people of a country or community; based on the beliefs of ordinary people（艺术或文化）民间传统的，民俗的；流传民间的；普通百姓的◆Scottish folk dancing苏格兰民间舞蹈◆a Russian folk song俄罗斯民歌◆Garlic is widely used in Chinese folk medicine.大蒜广泛应用于中国民间医药。