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depression noun
⇨ gloom (a mood of depression) ⇨ recession (an economic depression) gloom noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ grief 另见grief条gloom ♦︎ depression ♦︎ the blues ♦︎ despondencyThese are all words for a feeling of being sad and without hope. 这些词均表示忧郁、悲伤、无望。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆gloom / despondency about sth◆deep / deepening gloom / depression / despondency◆to fill sb with / sink into / plunge into gloom / depression◆the gloom / depression deepens / lifts◆a feeling of gloom / depression / despondency◆a fit of gloom / depression / the blues■ gloom / /gluːm/ / [uncountable, singular] a feeling of being sad and without hope, especially among a group of people 忧郁，愁闷，无望（尤指集体情绪）◆There is general gloom about the farming industry.大家普遍对农业生产感到忧虑。◆The gloom deepened as the election results came in.选举结果陆续传来，失落的情绪越来越重。◆An air of gloom and despondency settled over the household.悲观失望的气氛笼罩着一家人。 see also gloomy ⇨ depressed , gloomy ⇨ negative ■ depression / /dɪˈpreʃn/ / [uncountable] a feeling of being very sad, worried and without hope, often because you do not feel you can overcome your difficulties （常因感到不能克服困难导致的）抑郁，沮丧，消沉◆These results should not be a cause for depression.这些结果不应成为沮丧的理由。◆Her mood swung from the depths of depression to coping well.她的情绪一时极度低落，一时又风平浪静。 see also depress ⇨ discourage 2 , depressed ⇨ depressed , depressing ⇨ negative ■ the blues [plural] (rather informal) feelings of sadness or unhappiness 忧郁；伤感；沮丧◆Everyone has had the feeling of the Monday morning blues.每个人都曾在星期一早晨感到沮丧。◆I'm planning a break in the sun as a way to beat the blues.我想晒会儿太阳，以扫除抑郁。■ despondency /dɪˈspɒndənsi; NAmE dɪˈspɑːndənsi/ [uncountable] (rather formal) a feeling of being sad and without much hope, especially because sth you are doing is not successful or not going well （尤因所做之事不成功或不顺利导致的）沮丧，失望◆Their earlier enthusiasm has been replaced by a mood of despondency.他们起初的热忱已经被沮丧的心情所代替。 see also despondent ⇨ depressed recession noun recession ♦︎ depression ♦︎ slump ♦︎ slowdown ♦︎ troughThese are all words for a difficult period of time for business or the economy. 这些词均表示生意或经济不景气、萧条。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达不景气的程度| slowdown | ➔ | slump | ➔ | recession | ➔ | depression | | | trough | | | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in recession / a depression / a slump / a trough◆a major / serious / severe recession / depression / slump◆an economic recession / depression / slump / slowdown◆a worldwide recession / depression / slump / slowdown◆to cause a recession / slump / slowdown◆to go into recession / depression■ recession / /rɪˈseʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed 经济衰退；经济萎缩◆How do you assess the impact of the current recession on manufacturing?你如何评价时下经济萎缩对制造业的影响？◆We need active policies to pull the country out of recession.我们需要积极的政策来引导国家走出经济萎缩。◆These industries have been hit hard by the recession.这些行业受到经济衰退的严重冲击。■ depression / /dɪˈpreʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] a difficult time for a country when there is little economic activity and many people are unemployed and poor 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气◆The country was in the grip of (an) economic depression.当时国家正陷入经济萧条。◆He grew up during the Great Depression of the 1930s.他成长于20世纪30年代的经济大萧条时期。▸ depressed adjective ◆They have made little attempt to bring jobs to economically depressed areas.在为经济萧条地区创造就业机会方面他们几乎没有作过什么努力。■ slump [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) a period when a country's economy or a business is doing badly 萧条期；衰退◆Housing sales are finally coming out of a three-month slump.房屋销售终于走出了连续三个月的萧条期。◆The toy industry is in a slump.现在玩具业不景气。 OPP boom ⇨ do well see also slump ⇨ reduction ■ slowdown /ˈsləʊdaʊn; NAmE ˈsloʊdaʊn/ [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a reduction in speed or activity, especially in business or the economy （尤指企业或经济的发展）减速，减缓◆There has been a slowdown in economic growth in recent months.最近几个月经济增长减缓。■ trough /trɒf; NAmE trɔːf/ [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a period of time when the level of sth is low, especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing 低谷；（企业或经济的）低潮，萧条阶段◆There have been peaks and troughs in the long-term trend of unemployment.长期以来失业率一直时起时伏。 OPP peak ⇨ peak NOTE 辨析 Which word?A slowdown is the least serious of these and a depression is the most serious. A slowdown, slump or trough might affect the economy of a country generally, or just one particular business or industry; it usually lasts a period of months and is sometimes regarded as part of the normal business cycle. A recession affects a whole industry or a country's whole economy, and it can last for years. It is not usually regarded as part of the normal business cycle. However, a recession is still considered chiefly in terms of its effects on business and the economy; depression is used especially when you are considering the effect of recession on the lives of ordinary people, especially the difficult situation caused by poverty and unemployment when this affects a very large number of people. The Great Depression was the worldwide economic depression that followed the American stock market crash in 1929. 这些词中，slowdown的程度最轻，而depression最为严重。slowdown、slump或trough可能影响一个国家的整体经济状况，或仅影响某个企业或行业，通常会持续几个月的时间，有时被视为正常商业周期的一部分。recession影响的是整个行业或一国的整体经济，可持续数年，通常不被视为正常商业周期的一部分。不过，recession的影响仍被认为主要在商业和经济方面；depression的影响主要在百姓生活方面，尤指波及面很广，贫困和失业使得很多人生活艰难。the Great Depression指1929年美国股市暴跌后全球性的经济大萧条。 |