| 例句 |
dirty adj.
⇨ dirty (dirty clothes/marks) ⇨ corrupt (do the dirty work)dirty adjective dirty ♦︎ dusty ♦︎ filthy ♦︎ muddy ♦︎ soiled ♦︎ grubby ♦︎ stained ♦︎ messy ♦︎ unwashed ♦︎ grimyThese words all describe sb/sth that is not clean. 这些词均表示肮脏的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆dirty / dusty / filthy / muddy / soiled / grubby / stained / unwashed clothes◆dirty / dusty / filthy / grubby / unwashed / grimy hands◆dirty / dusty / filthy / grubby / grimy windows◆a dirty / dusty / filthy room◆a dirty / filthy / messy job◆to look dirty / dusty / grubby / messy / grimy◆to get dirty / dusty / filthy / muddy / stained / messy◆rather dirty / dusty / muddy / grubby / messy / grimy◆a bit dirty / dusty / muddy / grubby / messy◆slightly dirty / dusty / grubby / soiled / stained◆really dirty / dusty / filthy / messy / grimy◆very / extremely dirty / dusty / muddy / messy■ dirty not clean; covered with dust, soil, mud, oil, etc. 肮脏的；污秽的；积满尘垢的◆If your hands are dirty, go and wash them.如果你手脏，就去洗一下。◆My thumb had left a dirty mark on the paper.我的拇指在那张纸上留下了污迹。◆Try not to get too dirty!尽量别弄得太脏了！◆The soot had made everything dirty.煤烟子把所有东西都给弄脏了。◆I always get given the dirty jobs (= jobs that make you become dirty).让我干的都是些脏活。OPP clean ⇨ clean adj. ■ dusty full of dust; covered with dust 布满灰尘的；灰尘覆盖的◆The room was dark and dusty.那间屋子很黑，还布满了灰尘。◆We tramped for miles down the dusty road.我们在那条尘土飞扬的路上跋涉了好几英里。◆There were shelves full of faded dusty books.那里有一些书架，上面摆满了退了色且布满灰尘的书。■ filthy / /ˈfɪlθi/ / very dirty and unpleasant 肮脏的；污秽的◆Why are the streets so filthy in this part of the city?为什么这一带市区的街道如此肮脏？◆It's absolutely filthy in here.这里肮脏极了。◆There were two beggars dressed in filthy rags.有两个衣衫肮脏褴褛的乞丐。■ muddy full of or covered in mud 泥泞的；沾满污泥的◆Don't you come in here with those muddy boots on!你别穿着那双沾满污泥的靴子进来！◆We drove along the muddy track.我们沿着那条泥泞的小路驱车前行。◆Look, you've made the floor all muddy.瞧，你把地板弄得到处是泥。 see also mud ⇨ soil ■ soiled (rather formal) dirty, especially with waste from the body 肮脏的（尤指被人体污物弄脏的）◆She changed the soiled bedding.她更换了那些脏了的寝具。■ grubby (rather informal) rather dirty, usually because it has not been washed （未经清洗）肮脏的，邋遢的，污秽的◆My hands are a bit grubby.我双手有点脏。◆He hoped she wouldn't notice his grubby shirt cuffs.他希望她不会注意到他那污秽的衬衣袖口。■ stained (often in compounds 常构成复合词) covered with stains; marked with a stain (= a dirty mark that is difficult to remove) 满是污痕的；有污渍的◆The sheets were old and stained.那些床单旧了，还有污渍。◆The shirt was heavily stained with blood.那件衬衫沾满了血污。◆She was wearing a pair of paint-stained jeans.她穿着一条沾满油漆的牛仔裤。 see also stain ⇨ mark noun ■ messy (rather informal) dirty, especially with sth wet or sticky; that makes sb/sth dirty in this way 肮脏的（尤指湿答答或黏乎乎）；使弄脏的◆The children got really messy painting and gluing.孩子们又是画又是粘，把身上弄得脏兮兮的。◆Painting can be a messy job.刷油漆可是种脏活。ⓘ A messy house/room/desk is often untidy rather than dirty. * messy修饰house、room或desk时，常指不整洁而不是肮脏。 see also messy ⇨ scruffy , messy ⇨ untidy , mess ⇨ mess noun 1 ■ unwashed (especially written) that needs to be washed 未洗涤的；肮脏的◆The sink was full of unwashed dishes.洗碗槽里堆满了未洗的餐具。◆Their clothes were dirty and their hair unwashed.他们衣服脏了，头发也没洗。■ grimy / /ˈgraɪmi/ / dirty, especially with a layer of dust, soil, mud or oil on the surface 沾满污垢的；布满灰尘的◆Her hands were grimy from changing the car wheel.更换汽车轮胎使她双手沾满污垢。 corrupt adjective corrupt ♦︎ fraudulent ♦︎ unscrupulous ♦︎ dirty ♦︎ rotten ♦︎ crooked ♦︎ unprincipled ♦︎ amoralThese words all describe people who are willing to do dishonest or illegal things for their own advantage. 这些词均表示贪污的、腐败的、营私舞弊的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous / unprincipled / amoral behaviour◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous / dirty dealings◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous practices◆a corrupt / rotten / crooked system◆a corrupt / an unscrupulous / a crooked businessman / lawyer / politician◆thoroughly / totally corrupt / unscrupulous / amoral■ corrupt / /kəˈrʌpt/ / (disapproving) (of people) willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage; (of behaviour) dishonest or immoral （人）贪污的，受贿的，腐败的；（行为）不诚实的，不道德的◆It was seen as the only way to overthrow a corrupt regime.这被视为推翻腐败政权的唯一方法。■ fraudulent / /ˈfrɔːdjələnt; NAmE ˈfrɔːdʒələnt/ (formal) intended to deceive sb, usually in order to make money illegally 欺骗的；欺诈的◆Steps are being taken to crack down on fraudulent advertising.正在采取措施打击虚假广告。◆The number of fraudulent insurance claims has risen.保险骗赔的数量有所上升。ⓘ Fraudulent is used more often to talk about things or actions, rather than a person. It is a more neutral, descriptive term than most of the other words in the group, which are disapproving. Typical collocates are claim, statement, use and trading. * fraudulent多用于形容事件或行为，而不是形容人。相对而言，本组其他词大多为贬义，而fraudulent是较为中性、描述性的词，主要与claim、statement、use和trading搭配。 see also fraud ⇨ fraud 1 ▸ fraudulently adverb ◆She was charged with fraudulently obtaining a bank loan.她被指控从银行骗贷。■ unscrupulous /ʌnˈskruːpjələs/ / (rather formal, disapproving) (of people) willing to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage; (of behaviour) dishonest or immoral （人）贪污的，受贿的，腐败的；（行为）不诚实的，不道德的◆The new law will give unscrupulous landlords an easy way of getting rid of people.新法律将使得无良的房东很容易撵人。 OPP scrupulous ⇨ good 5 see also scruple ⇨ doubt noun 2 NOTE 辨析 Corrupt or unscrupulous? Corrupt is often used to talk about the authorities or a system and people who work for them. Typical collocates are regime, system and official. Common collocations of unscrupulous are mainly connected with people and their work, especially those who manage their own businesses: dealer, employer, landlord, lender, operator, people, politician, dealings and practices. * corrupt常用于形容官方机构或体制，以及里面的人员，常与regime、system和official搭配。unscrupulous的常见搭配主要与人和他们的工作相关，尤其是自营生意者，搭配词有dealer、employer、landlord、lender、operator、people、politician、dealings和practices。■ dirty [usually before noun] (informal, disapproving) unpleasant or dishonest 令人厌恶的；卑鄙的；不诚实的◆You dirty liar!你这个卑鄙的骗子！◆She's a dirty player.她是个没有体育道德的运动员。◆He always gets someone else to do the dirty work for him (= tasks which are unpleasant because they involve being dishonest or unkind to people).他总是让别人替他做卑鄙的勾当。ⓘ Collocates of dirty in this meaning include play, player, work and job. 表达此义时，dirty的搭配词有play、player、work和job。▸ dirty adverb ◆We would have won if the other team hadn't played dirty (= cheated).要不是对方球队使诈犯规，我们本来能赢的。■ rotten [not usually before noun] (informal, disapproving) (of systems and organizations) corrupt （体制或组织）腐败◆The organization is rotten to the core.这个组织腐败透顶。■ crooked / /ˈkrʊkɪd/ / (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻 (disapproving) (especially of people doing business) dishonest （尤指做生意的人）不诚实的，欺诈的◆The president has vowed to jail crooked executives.总统誓要将奸诈的高管人员送进监狱。■ unprincipled (rather formal, especially written, disapproving) without moral principles; not caring about right and wrong 不道德的；不分是非的◆She saw him as an unprincipled opportunist.她认为他是一个不道德的投机分子。 OPP principled ⇨ good 5 see also principle ⇨ principle 1 ■ amoral /ˌeɪˈmɒrəl; NAmE ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl, ˌeɪˈmɑːrəl/ (rather formal, especially written, sometimes disapproving) showing that you do not care about right and wrong 不分是非的◆She had led them to believe that she shared their amoral values.她已经让他们相信她与他们有着共同的不分是非的价值观了。 OPP moral ⇨ good 5 see also morals ⇨ principle 1 NOTE 辨析 Unprincipled or amoral? Unprincipled is mostly used to describe people. * unprincipled主要用来描述人◆an unprincipled charlatan / creature / opportunist / scoundrel不道德的骗子／人／投机分子／恶棍 Amoral is used more to describe people's attitudes and behaviour. Typical collocates are behaviour, society, attitude and values. * amoral多用于描述人的态度和行为，常见搭配词有behaviour、society、attitude和value。 |