| 例句 |
discharge verb
⇨ fire (discharged from the army) ⇨ leak (discharge chemicals into a river)discharge noun
⇨ unemploymentfire verb fire ♦︎ lay sb off ♦︎ dismiss ♦︎ sack ♦︎ axe ♦︎ make sb redundant ♦︎ let sb go ♦︎ discharge ♦︎ give sb/get the sackThese words all mean to officially remove sb from their job. 这些词均表示解雇、免职、开除。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fire sb / lay sb off / dismiss sb / sack sb / make sb redundant / discharge sb / get the sack from a job◆to fire sb / dismiss sb / sack sb / give sb the sack for sth◆to fire / lay off / dismiss / sack / axe staff / workers / employees◆to make staff / workers / employees redundant◆to let staff / employees go◆to make jobs / posts / positions redundant◆to axe jobs / posts / positions◆to get fired / laid off / dismissed / sacked / made redundant◆to be unfairly / summarily fired / dismissed / sacked◆to be wrongfully fired / dismissed■ fire [transitive, often passive] (NAmE or rather informal, BrE) to officially remove sb from their job 解雇；免职；开除◆We had to fire him for dishonesty.他不诚实，我们不得不开除他。◆She got fired from her first job.她第一份工作就被解雇了。◆He was responsible for hiring and firing employees.他负责招聘和辞退员工。 OPP hire ⇨ employ ■ ˌlay sb ˈoff phrasal verb (laid, laid) [often passive] to stop employing sb, often for a temporary period, because there is not enough work for them to do （因工作不多而暂时）解雇◆200 workers at the factory have been laid off.工厂里已有200个工人下岗。 OPP take sb on ⇨ employ see also lay-off ⇨ unemployment ■ dismiss [transitive, usually passive] (rather formal) to officially remove sb from their job 解雇；免职；开除◆She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her position.她声称自己被无理解雇。ⓘ Dismiss is the preferred term used in legal contexts, especially in the phrase unfairly/wrongfully dismissed. 在法律语境中一般用dismiss，尤用于短语unfairly/wrongfully dismissed（无理／非法解雇）。 OPP appoint ⇨ appoint see also dismissal ⇨ unemployment ■ sack [transitive, often passive] (especially BrE, informal) to dismiss sb from a job, usually because they have done sth wrong （通常因其过失）解雇，炒鱿鱼◆She was sacked for refusing to work on Sundays.她因拒绝在星期天上班被炒了鱿鱼。 see also sacking ⇨ unemployment ■ axe (BrE) (NAmE ax) [transitive, usually passive] (journalism 新闻) to remove sb from their job 解雇；开除◆300 jobs are to be axed at a local chemical works.当地一家化工厂要削减300个职位。◆Jones has been axed from the team.琼斯已被开除出队。ⓘ Axe is used especially in journalism when a large number of people are made redundant at the same time; it is more usual to talk about the jobs being axed, rather than the people. * axe尤用于新闻报道中，指同时解雇大批人员；axe的宾语常常是jobs，而不是人。■ ˌmake sb reˈdundant phrase (made, made) [usually passive] (BrE) to remove sb from their job because there is no more work available for them （因没有工作可做）解雇，裁员◆She was made redundant from her job.她成为冗员而被解雇。◆A further five senior posts are to be made redundant.还有五个高级职位要被裁撤。ⓘ Officially, it is jobs or posts that become redundant, not the people who hold them; in practice it is more common to talk about people being made redundant. 严格来说，变得多余、要被削减的是工作(job)或职位(post)，而非任职者；但实际上，这种说法较常用sb作宾语，且多用被动语态的sb be made redundant。 see also redundant ⇨ unemployed , redundancy ⇨ unemployment ■ ˌlet sb ˈgo idiom (letting, let, let)to make sb have to leave their job 解雇；开除◆They're having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.由于利润下降他们将不得不减员100人。ⓘ Let sb go is used as a gentler way of saying fire, sack or make sb redundant. * let sb go是fire、sack或make sb redundant的较为温和的说法。■ discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ [transitive, usually passive] (rather formal) to give sb official permission to leave a job or a position in the army; to make sb leave a job or a position in the army 准许（某人）退伍；把（某人）从部队开除◆He was discharged from the army following his injury.他受伤后就退伍了。◆She was discharged from the police force for bad conduct.她因行为不轨被逐出警察队伍。 see also discharge ⇨ unemployment noun ■ ˌgive sb the ˈsack■ ˌget the ˈsack idiom (gave, given; getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (especially BrE, informal) to sack sb; to be sacked 让某人卷铺盖；被炒鱿鱼◆I've never had to give anyone the sack.我从不用解雇人。◆He got the sack from his last job.他干上一份工作时被炒了鱿鱼。NOTE 辨析 Sack or give sb the sack? Sack can sound more sudden or dramatic than give sb the sack, and is used more by journalists. Give sb the sack is more frequent in everyday spoken English. 与give sb the sack相比，sack听起来较为突然或富有戏剧性，较常为新闻记者所用。give sb the sack多用于日常口语中。 leak verb leak ♦︎ seep ♦︎ drip ♦︎ discharge ♦︎ ooze ♦︎ leach ♦︎ escape ♦︎ secreteThese words are all used to talk about a liquid or gas moving into or out of sth. 这些词均表示液体或气体渗入或漏出。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leak / seep / drip / ooze / leach / escape from sth◆to leak / seep / drip / ooze out of / through sth◆to leak / seep / discharge / leach / escape into sth◆to drip / ooze with sth◆water leaks / seeps / drips / escapes◆blood leaks / seeps / drips / oozes◆gas leaks / seeps / escapes◆chemicals leak / seep / leach◆radiation leaks / escapes◆to discharge / leach / secrete chemicals◆to drip / ooze blood◆to slowly seep / drip / ooze■ leak [intransitive, transitive] to allow liquid or gas to get in or out through a small hole or crack; (of a liquid or gas) to get in or out through a small hole or crack in sth 漏；渗漏；泄漏；（液体或气体）渗入，漏出◆A pipe was leaking in her hotel room.她住的酒店房间里有一根管道正在渗漏。◆The tank had leaked a small amount of water.那水箱已经漏了少量的水。◆A small stream of water leaked from the rock.一股细细的水流从岩石中渗漏出来。▸ leak noun [countable] ◆a leak in the roof屋顶的漏洞◆a gas leak煤气泄漏■ seep [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of a liquid or gas) to flow slowly and in small quantities through, out of or into sth （液体或气体）渗，渗透◆Blood was beginning to seep through the bandages.血开始从绷带上渗透出来。■ drip (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] to produce drops of liquid 滴出；滴水◆The tap was dripping.水龙头在滴水。◆Her hair dripped down her back.她头发上的水顺着后背滴落下来。◆Be careful, you're dripping paint everywhere!小心点，你把颜料滴得到处都是！ⓘ Water can also drip somewhere. * drip也可用water作主语，表示水从某处滴落下来。 see also drip ⇨ trickle verb , drip ⇨ drop noun ■ discharge / /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ [intransitive, transitive] (formal) (of a gas or liquid) to flow somewhere; to make a gas or liquid flow somewhere （气体或液体）流出；排出，放出（气体或液体）◆The river is diverted through the power station before discharging into the sea.这条河改道流经水电站后再汇入大海。◆The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.这家工厂因往河里排放化学物质而被罚款。▸ discharge /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ; NAmE dɪstʃɑːrdʒ/ noun [uncountable, countable] ◆a ban on the discharge of toxic waste禁止有毒废物的排放■ ooze [intransitive, transitive](of a thick liquid) to flow from a place slowly; to make a thick liquid flow from a place slowly （浓稠液体）渗出，慢慢流出；使（浓稠液体）慢慢渗出◆Blood oozed out of the wound.血从伤口慢慢地流出来。◆On his back there was an ugly swelling oozing with pus.他的后背上有个流着脓水的烂疮。◆There was a plate of toasted muffins oozing butter.有一盘嗞嗞冒着黄油的烤松饼。ⓘ Ooze is often used in descriptive language to make sth seem particularly attractive or unattractive. * ooze常用于描写性语言，使某物显得特别有吸引力或毫无吸引力。■ leach [intransitive, transitive] (technical 术语) (of chemicals or minerals) to be removed from soil by water passing through it; (of a liquid) to remove chemicals or minerals from soil （化学物或矿物）给滤掉，流失掉；（液体）过滤，滤掉（土壤中的化学物或矿物）◆Nitrates leach from the soil into rivers.土壤中的硝酸盐经由水渗入江河。◆Nutrients are quickly leached away from light and sandy soils.松软沙质土壤中的养分很快就随水流失了。■ escape [intransitive](especially of a liquid or gas) to get out of a container, especially through a hole or crack （尤指液体或气体通过容器的孔洞或裂缝）漏出，泄漏，渗出◆Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping.盖上盖子，免得热量散失。◆As he twisted the pipe a trickle of water escaped.在他转动管子的时候，一股细细的水流了出来。■ secrete /sɪˈkriːt/ / [transitive] (formal or technical 术语) (of part of the body or a plant) to produce a liquid substance （身体器官或植物部位）分泌◆Insulin is secreted by the pancreas.胰岛素是胰腺分泌出来的。▸ secretion / /sɪˈkriːʃn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆the secretion of bile by the liver肝脏分泌胆汁的过程◆bodily secretions人体分泌物 unemployment noun unemployment ♦︎ redundancy ♦︎ dismissal ♦︎ sacking ♦︎ lay-off ♦︎ dischargeThese are all words for the state of not having a job, the fact of losing your job or the act of officially removing sb from their job. 这些词均表示无业、失业或解雇、开除。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆mass unemployment / redundancies / dismissals / lay-offs◆large-scale unemployment / redundancies / lay-offs◆to face unemployment / redundancy / dismissal◆to lead to / avoid unemployment / redundancies / dismissal■ unemployment [uncountable] the state of not having a job; the fact of a number of people not having a job; the number of people without a job 无业；失业；失业人数◆Thousands of young people are facing long-term unemployment.成千上万的青年正面临长期待业状况。◆It's an area of high unemployment.那是个失业率高的地区。◆Last month saw a rise in both inflation and unemployment.上个月的通胀率和失业人数均有所上升。OPP employment ⇨ work noun 2 ■ redundancy / /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ / [uncountable, countable, usually plural] (BrE, rather formal) the situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them （因劳动力过剩而造成的）裁员，解雇◆Thousands of factory workers are facing redundancy in the New Year.数千名工厂工人在新年面临下岗。◆She decided to take voluntary redundancy (= to offer to leave her job).她决定接受自愿裁退。◆The threat of compulsory redundancies still hangs over the firm.强制裁员的威胁依然笼罩着公司。◆200 workers have been issued with redundancy notices.已有200名工人收到了裁员通知。 see also make sb redundant ⇨ fire verb ■ dismissal [uncountable, countable] (rather formal or law 法律) the act of officially removing sb from their job; an example of this 解雇；开除；撤职◆He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal.他仍然希望赢得遭到无理解雇的赔偿。◆The dismissals followed the resignation of the chairman.董事长辞职后紧接着就是裁员。 see also dismiss ⇨ fire verb ■ sacking [countable] (BrE, rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) an act of dismissing sb from their job, especially because they have done sth wrong （尤指因犯错导致的）解雇，炒鱿鱼◆A council chief faced calls for his sacking yesterday over allegations that he had accepted bribes.一名市政部门的主管昨日因受贿指控而被要求撤职。 see also sack ⇨ fire verb ■ ˈlay-off [countable] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) an act of making sb unemployed because there is no more work available for them, especially temporarily （因劳动力过剩而造成的）裁员，解雇（尤指临时性的）◆We do not want to risk further lay-offs in the factory.我们不想再在工厂里冒裁员的风险了。ⓘ You can also talk about job cuts in this context. 在这种语境下亦可用job cuts。 see also cut ⇨ reduction , lay sb off ⇨ fire verb ■ discharge /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ; NAmE ˈdɪstʃɑːrdʒ/ [countable, uncountable] the act of officially allowing sb, or of telling sb, to leave their job, especially in the army 获准离开；免职；退伍◆The illness resulted in his discharge from the army.这场病导致他从部队退伍。 see also discharge ⇨ fire verb |