fake noun ⇨fakefake adj. ⇨artificial1 (a fake fur jacket)⇨so-called (a fake accent)fake verb ⇨pretend
fake
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ copynoun2另见copy名词词条第2义fake ♦︎ imitation ♦︎ forgery ♦︎ dummyThese are all words for an object that is not genuine but has been made to look as if it is.这些词均表示假货、仿制品、赝品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a good fake / imitation / forgery◆a cheap fake / imitation◆a poor / crude imitation / forgery■fake [countable] an object such as a work of art, a coin or a piece of jewellery that is not genuine but has been made to look as if it is假货；赝品◆All the paintings proved to be fakes.所有这些画结果证实都是赝品。◆She had long ago sold the diamonds and replaced them with fakes.她很久以前就卖掉了那些钻石首饰，代之以假货。 see also fake ⇨ artificialadj.1, fake ⇨ so-calledadj.■imitation / /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ / [countable] a copy of a type of product, material or production, especially sth expensive or well known仿制品；赝品◆Many tourists cannot tell the difference between authentic Indian craftwork and imported imitations.许多游客无法区分真正的印度工艺品和进口的仿制品。◆The remake is a pale imitation of the original 1966 film(= it is not nearly as good).重拍片远不如1966年的初版影片精彩。ⓘ People often use imitation to suggest that the copy is not nearly as good as the real thing. * imitation常用以表示仿制品远不如真品好◆a poor / cheap / pale / second-rate imitation低劣的／黯然失色的／二流的仿制品It can also be used like an adjective to talk about materials from which things are made or about copies of weapons. * imitation亦可如形容词一样使用，描述制作物品的材料或指武器的复制品◆imitation fur / gold / leather / marble / silk / pearls人造毛皮；仿金；人造革；仿大理石；仿真丝；假珍珠◆an imitation sword / firearm / gun / bomb仿真剑；仿真枪；仿真炸弹 see also imitation ⇨ artificial1■forgery /ˈfɔːdʒəri; NAmEˈfɔːrdʒəri/ [countable] something, for example a document, a piece of paper money or a painting, that has been copied in order to deceive people伪造品，赝品（意图欺骗他人）◆Experts are dismissing claims that the painting is a forgery.专家排除了这幅画是赝品的说法。◆If the signature on the deed is a forgery, the whole legal position changes.如果契约上的签名是伪造的，那么整个法律状况就改变了。▸forge
verb
[transitive] ◆She was getting good at forging her mother's signature.她把母亲的签名伪造得越来越惟妙惟肖了。NOTE辨析 Fake or forgery?Forgery is mostly used to talk about things that can be written, drawn, printed or painted, where this is done in order to deceive people. Fake can refer to any object that is made or produced, as well as artificial copies of natural objects (for example, jewels); fakes may or may not be used to deceive people. * forgery最常指以书写、描画、印刷或涂饰等方法制作的伪造品，伪造是为了欺骗人。fake可指任何人造物品和天然物品（如珠宝）的人工复制品，这些复制品不一定用来欺骗人。■dummy [countable] a thing that seems to be real but is only a copy of the real thing仿制品；仿造物◆The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies.陈列的一瓶瓶威士忌全是仿制品。ⓘ A dummy is often sth that has been made to look real so that people can use it for practising a possibly dangerous skill such as driving or shooting, or for a film or play. * dummy常指做得很逼真的仿制品，以供人们练习某项可能带有危险性的技能，如驾驶、射击，或用于拍电影或演戏。 see also dummy ⇨ so-calledadj.
artificial1
adjective
artificial light人造光an artificial situation人为不自然的场面artificial ♦︎ synthetic ♦︎ false ♦︎ man-made ♦︎ fake ♦︎ imitationThese words all describe things that are not real, or not naturally produced or grown.这些词均表示假的、非天然的、人工的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆artificial / synthetic / man-made fabrics / fibres / materials / products◆artificial / synthetic / fake / imitation fur / leather◆artificial / synthetic / false / fake / imitation diamonds / pearls■artificialmade or produced to copy sth natural; not real人工的；人造的；假的◆The patient was kept alive by the artificial heart for nearly two months.人造心脏让那个病人存活了近两个月。◆All food served in the restaurant is completely free from any artificial colours and flavours.这家饭店提供的所有食物绝对没有人工色素和人工香料。◆I don't like having to do detailed work in artificial light.我不喜欢在人造光下做细致的工作。OPPnaturalⓘ Natural things exist in nature and are not made or caused by human beings. * natural指自然界存在的，非人造的◆the natural world(= of trees, rivers, animals and birds)自然界◆a country's natural resources(= its coal, oil, forests, etc.)一个国家的自然资源◆My hair soon grew back to its natural colour(= after being dyed).我的头发很快变回染发之前的颜色。▸artificially
adverb
◆artificially created lakes人工湖■syntheticmade by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals人工合成的◆synthetic drugs / dyes合成药物／染料◆shoes with synthetic soles鞋底是合成材料的鞋子OPPnatural▸synthetically
adverb
◆synthetically produced drugs合成药物■falsenot natural; artificial非天生的；人造的；假的◆false teeth / eyelashes假牙；假睫毛◆a false beard and moustache假胡须 see also false ⇨ so-called■ˌman-ˈmademade by people; not natural人造的；非天然的◆man-made fibres such as nylon and polyester尼龙和涤纶之类的人造纤维◆Europe's largest man-made lake欧洲最大的人工湖OPPnatural■fakemade to look like sth else; not real伪造的；冒充的；假的◆a fake fur jacket人造毛皮夹克◆We sprayed fake snow over the trees to make it look like winter.我们在树上喷人造雪，营造出冬天的情境。OPPgenuine ⇨ real see also fake ⇨ so-calledadj., fake ⇨ fakenoun■imitation [only before noun] made to look like sth else; not real伪造的；仿制的；假的◆She would never wear imitation pearls.她绝不会戴假珍珠。◆He threatened them with an imitation gun.他用仿真枪威吓他们。OPPgenuine ⇨ real see also imitation ⇨ fakenoun
so-called
adjective
so-called ♦︎ fake ♦︎ false ♦︎ bogus ♦︎ dummy ♦︎ counterfeit ♦︎ phoney ♦︎ shamThese words all describe things and people that are not genuine, or not what they appear to be.这些词均表示假的、冒充的、伪造的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a so-called / fake / bogus / phoney doctor◆a fake / false / bogus identity◆a fake / false / counterfeit / phoney money / currency◆a fake / false / counterfeit coins◆a fake / false / phoney document / passport / invoice◆a fake / false beard / moustache / nose / tan◆a fake / bogus / sham marriage◆a fake / dummy / phoney bomb◆a fake / dummy gun◆fake / counterfeit goods◆a fake / phoney accent◆a false / bogus claim / application◆obviously fake / false / bogus / phoney■ˌso-ˈcalled [only before noun] (disapproving) used to show that you do not think that the word or phrase that is being used to describe sb/sth is appropriate（表示不认同）所谓的◆The court heard the opinion of a so-called 'expert'.法庭听取了一个所谓“专家”的意见。◆How have these so-called improvements helped the local community?这些所谓的进步对当地社会带来了多少帮助呢？ⓘ So-called always expresses disapproval; bogus, phoney and sham also often suggest disapproval, but the other words in this group are more simply descriptive. * so-called总是表示不认同；bogus、phoney和sham也常意味着不认同，但本组词汇中其他单词更多为描述性的。■fakenot genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people假的；伪造的◆There were a few stalls selling fake designer clothing.有几个货摊出售假冒的名牌服装。◆The caller appeared to have a fake American accent.打电话的人好像是在假装美国口音。 see also fake ⇨ fakenoun■falsefake假的；伪造的◆The case had a false bottom where documents or even a small radio could be hidden.那箱子有个假底，里面能够藏文件，甚至藏个小收音机。◆She was accused of obtaining money under false pretences(= by pretending to be sb / sth she was not).她被控诈骗钱财。NOTE辨析 Fake or false?In many cases you can use either word; however, false is used more frequently to describe documents and parts of the body such as eyelashes, teeth or a beard, moustache or nose (although fake is preferred for tan). Fake is used more frequently to describe other objects.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，不过false更常用于描述文件或身体的某些部位，如eyelashes、teeth、beard、moustache或nose（但描述tan最好用fake）；fake更常用于描述其他物品◆fake goods / flowers / pearls / bombs假货；假花；假珍珠；假炸弹 see also fake,false ⇨ artificial1■bogus /ˈbəʊgəs; NAmEˈboʊgəs/ (usuallydisapproving) pretending to be genuine假的；冒充的；伪造的◆The bogus doctor had been working from premises in Chelsea.那个冒牌医生一直在切尔西的事务所工作。◆Bogus claims of injury by workers are costing companies thousands of pounds.工人虚报受伤情况索赔使一些公司损失成千上万英镑。ⓘ Bogus is most often used with nouns for jobs such as doctor, health worker, social worker, official and police officer and nouns for people who need help such as refugee and asylum seeker. False claims and applications made by such people can also be described as bogus. * bogus最常与有关职业的名词连用，如doctor、health worker、social worker、official和police officer，或者与有关求助者的名词连用，如refugee和asylum seeker。bogus也可修饰claim和application，表示这些人提出的虚假要求或申请。■dummy [only before noun] made to look real, although it is actually a copy which does not work假的；仿造的◆The soldiers train using dummy rifles.士兵用假步枪来训练。 see also dummy ⇨ fakenoun■counterfeit /ˈkaʊntəfɪt; NAmEˈkaʊntərfɪt/ (ratherformal) (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like sth in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing（钱币及商品）伪造的，假冒的，仿造的◆He was arrested for attempting to sell counterfeit watches.他因试图兜售冒牌手表而被逮捕。◆Are you aware these notes are counterfeit?你觉察到这些钞票是伪造的吗？ⓘ Typical collocates of counterfeit are notes, currency, money, clothing, goods, software, tapes and videos. * counterfeit的常见搭配词有notes、currency、money、clothing、goods、software、tapes和videos。■phoney (BrE) ( phony, especially in NAmE) /ˈfəʊni; NAmEˈfoʊni/ (informal, oftendisapproving) not genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people假的；伪造的◆She spoke with a phoney Russian accent.她用一种伪装的俄国口音说话。◆ (NAmE) He was arrested on charges of supplying illegal aliens with phony papers.他被指控向非法外侨提供假证件而被捕。ⓘ Phony has a much wider range of collocates in American English than phoney has in British English. In both British and American English it is frequently used to talk about people behaving in a way that does not seem natural, for example trying to be more interesting, funny or fashionable than they really are. A phoney accent is likely to be used in order to impress people; a fake accent is more likely to be used simply to deceive sb. In American English you can also talk about phony documents/passports/papers/money; in British English it is more usual to say false or fake. * phoney在美式英语中的搭配词比在英式英语中多得多。无论在英式还是美式英语中，该词常用于指人的行为不自然，例如试图表现得比实际上更有趣、更滑稽或更时髦。phoney accent可能用来给人留下深刻印象，而fake accent更可能仅是为了骗人。在美式英语里，也可使用phony documents/passports/papers/money（假文件；假护照；假证件；假钞票），而在英式英语中则更常用false或fake。■sham [only before noun] (disapproving) not genuine but intended to seem real虚假的；假装的◆She soon realized she was trapped in a sham marriage.她很快就意识到自己陷入了虚假的婚姻之中。ⓘ A sham marriage or relationship is one in which the people involved try to give the impression that their relationship is normal, when in fact they do not really love or care for each other. * sham修饰marriage或relationship时，指那些本来不相爱或不关心对方的人，为了令他人觉得关系正常而装出来的假象。
pretend
verb
pretend ♦︎ act ♦︎ feign ♦︎ put sth on ♦︎ adopt ♦︎ fake ♦︎ bluff ♦︎ assumeThese words all mean to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true.这些词均表示假装、伪装。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pretend / feign / assume interest / indifference◆to feign / fake illness / injury◆to put on / adopt / assume an accent◆to put on / adopt / assume an air of concern / indifference, etc.■pretend [intransitive, transitive] to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true假装；伪装◆I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.总是要装假，我厌倦了。◆Of course it was wrong; it would be hypocriticial to pretend otherwise.当然是错了，装作没错就是虚伪了。◆I pretended to be asleep.我假装睡着了。◆He pretended not to notice.他装作没看见。◆She pretended (that) she was his niece.她冒充他的外甥女。◆He pretended to his family that everything was fine.他对家人佯称一切都好。◆ (formal) Why hurt her by pretending an interest he did not feel?他对她并无兴趣，为什么要装作对她有好感来伤害她？ⓘ Pretend is followed by a noun only in formal contexts. * pretend仅在正式语境中后接名词。■act [intransitive] (used with a noun or adjective complement与名词补语或形容词补语连用) to pretend by your behaviour to be a particular type of person假装（成某种人）◆He's been acting the devoted husband all day.他整天装出一副模范丈夫的样子。◆I decided to act dumb.我决定装哑。 see also act ⇨ playverb3■feign / /feɪn/ / [transitive] (ratherformal, written) to pretend that you have a particular emotion or that you are ill, injured, asleep or dead假装，装作，佯装（有某种情感、生病、受伤、睡着或死）◆He survived the massacre by feigning death.他装死才在大屠杀中死里逃生。◆'A present for me?' she asked with feigned surprise.“给我的礼物？”她故作惊讶地问道。■ˌput sth ˈon
phrasal verb
(putting, put, put) (ratherinformal) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆I don't think she was hurt. She was just putting it on.我认为她没受伤，她是装出来的。◆He put on an American accent.他假装操着一口美国腔。■adopt [transitive] (formal) to use a particular manner, expression or way of speaking采用（某种举止、表情或说话方式）◆She adopted an air of indifference.她摆出一副漠不关心的样子。◆He smiled and adopted a more casual tone of voice.他笑了，换了个较为随意的语气。■fake [transitive, intransitive] (ratherinformal) to pretend that you are ill, injured or have a particular physical feeling假装，佯装，装出（有病、受伤或身体有某种感觉）◆She's not really sick － she's just faking it.她并不是真的病了，是装出来的。◆He faked a yawn.他装着打了个哈欠。◆Do you think she's faking?你觉得她是在装假吗？ⓘ When fake is used without an object, it is usually in a negative statement or a question, and in the form faking. * fake不带宾语时，通常以faking的形式用于否定句或疑问句◆But what if he wasn't faking?可要是他不是在装，那怎么办？■bluff [intransitive, transitive] to try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do, or that you know sth that you do not really know虚张声势；吹牛；唬人◆I don't think he'll shoot－I think he's just bluffing.我认为他不会开枪－我想他不过是在吓唬人。◆She successfully bluffed her way through the interview(= by pretending to be sb she was not or know things that she did not know).她蒙混过关，通过了面试。 see also bluff ⇨ tricknoun■assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmEəˈsuːm/ [transitive] (formal, sometimesdisapproving) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆She assumed an air of concern.她装着很关心的样子。◆He had assumed a stage Southern accent.他佯装戏中的南方口音。NOTE辨析 Put sth on, adopt or assume?Put sth on is rather informal; adopt and assume are formal. Assume is more disapproving than adopt and suggests that sb's behaviour is false. * put sth on是相当非正式的表达方式；adopt和assume很正式。assume的负面含义多于adopt，意为某人的行为是假装出来的、不真诚的。