| 例句 |
disturbed adj.
⇨ mentally ill (emotionally disturbed) ⇨ worried (disturbed by the news)mentally ill adjective mentally ill ♦︎ insane ♦︎ neurotic ♦︎ psychotic ♦︎ disturbed ♦︎ crazed ♦︎ deranged ♦︎ unstable ♦︎ psychopathicThese words all describe sb who is suffering from a mental illness. 这些词均表示精神失常的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达精神失常的严重程度| neurotic | ➔ | mentally ill | ➔ | crazed | | disturbed | | insane | | psychopathic | | unstable | | psychotic | | | | | deranged | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆insane / crazed / deranged with grief / sorrow / jealousy◆neurotic / psychotic / disturbed / unstable / psychopathic behaviour◆neurotic / psychotic / psychopathic illnesses / disorders / symptoms / patients◆a crazed / psychopathic killer◆seriously mentally ill / neurotic / psychotic / disturbed◆emotionally / mentally disturbed / unstable■ mentally ˈill suffering from an illness of the mind, especially in a way that affects the way you think and behave 有精神病◆She was unhappy and stressed, but I didn't think she was mentally ill.她郁郁寡欢，焦虑不安，但我认为她没有精神病。◆Services for mentally ill people have been cut yet again.对精神病患者的服务又削减了。 see also ill ⇨ sick 1 ▸ the mentally ˈill noun [plural] ◆the care of the mentally ill对精神病人的护理■ insane / /ɪnˈseɪn/ / [not usually before noun] (especially written) suffering from a serious mental illness and unable to live in normal society 精神失常；神经错乱◆Doctors certified her as insane.医生证实她精神失常。◆The question is, was the man insane when he committed the crime?问题在于该男子犯罪时是否处于精神失常状态？ⓘ In informal English insane can describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but whose mind does not work normally, especially because they are under pressure. This meaning is used especially in the phrases go insane and drive sb insane. 在非正式用语中，insane可修饰未患精神病但尤因压力导致心智不正常的人。此义尤用于短语go insane和drive sb insane中◆She was driving me insane with her constant chatter.她唠叨个没完，快把我逼疯了。 OPP sane ⇨ sane ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ mad 另见mad条▸ the insane noun [plural] ◆He's in a hospital for the criminally insane (= people who are seriously mentally ill and are likely to commit dangerous crimes).他住在一家收治可能实施危险犯罪的重度精神病患者的医院里。■ neurotic / /njʊəˈrɒtɪk; NAmE nʊˈrɑːˈrɒtɪk/ (medical 医学) suffering from or connected with neurosis (= a mental illness in which a person suffers strong feelings of fear and worry) 神经（官能）症的◆the treatment of anxiety in neurotic patients对神经官能症病人焦虑感的治疗ⓘ In informal English neurotic is also used to describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but is not behaving in a calm way because they are worried about sth. 在非正式用语中，neurotic亦可修饰未患精神病但因担忧而变得神经质的人◆She became neurotic about keeping the house clean.她对保持房屋清洁变得有点神经质。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ nervous 另见nervous条■ psychotic /saɪˈkɒtɪk; NAmE saɪˈkɑːtɪk/ (medical 医学) suffering from or connected with psychosis (= a serious mental illness in which thought and emotions lose connection with external reality) 精神错乱的；有精神病的◆a young mother with a psychotic illness患精神病的年轻母亲◆He suffered a psychotic episode (= an occasion on which he became psychotic) two years ago.他两年前发过一次精神病。ⓘ In informal English psychotic is sometimes used to describe anyone suffering from a mental illness, but in correct medical usage it only describes people who have difficulty relating to external reality. It contrasts with neurotic which describes people who are less seriously mentally ill and are still able to distinguish what is real from what is not. Psychotic should not be confused with psychopathic: being psychotic does not make sb violent. 在非正式用语中，psychotic有时泛指患有精神疾病，但在正确的医学用语中，只用以描述难以与外界现实建立联系的人，这与neurotic形成对比－neurotic用以描述患有轻微神经错乱，但仍能区分现实与虚幻的人。psychotic所描述的精神病人没有暴力行为，不应与psychopathic混淆。■ disturbed /dɪˈstɜːbd; NAmE dɪˈstɜːrbd/ mentally ill, especially because of very unhappy or shocking experiences 有精神病的，心理不正常的，精神紊乱的（尤因不幸或受刺激所致）◆He works with emotionally disturbed children.他的工作对象是精神异常的儿童。◆His behaviour is deeply disturbed.他的行为极其失常。■ crazed /kreɪzd/ / (written, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) not having any emotional or mental control 疯狂的；发狂的◆A crazed killer stalked the streets.一个丧心病狂的杀手恶狠狠地在街上走。◆She was crazed with grief.她伤心欲狂。■ deranged / /dɪˈreɪndʒd/ / (especially written) not able to behave and think normally, especially because of a mental illness 精神错乱的；精神失常的；疯狂的◆The plan seemed to be the product of a deranged mind.这个计划像是精神错乱的人想出来的。◆At first I thought he was deranged.起初我以为他发疯了。■ unstable / /ʌnˈsteɪbl/ / having emotions and behaviour that are likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly （情绪和行为）反复无常的，不稳定的◆He's highly unstable, and liable to sudden fits of rage.他情绪极其反复无常，动辄暴跳如雷。◆emotionally unstable patients情绪不稳定的病人■ psychopathic / /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/ / suffering from or connected with a serious mental illness that causes the sufferer to behave in a violent way towards other people 患严重精神病的；精神错乱而有暴力倾向的◆He was diagnosed as suffering from a psychopathic disorder.他被诊断为精神错乱。 worried adjective ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ afraid and ⇨ restless 另见afraid条和restless条worried ♦︎ concerned ♦︎ nervous ♦︎ anxious ♦︎ uneasy ♦︎ bothered ♦︎ troubled ♦︎ disturbed ♦︎ apprehensiveThese words all describe feeling unhappy and afraid because you are thinking about unpleasant things that might happen or might have happened. 这些词均表示担心的、担忧的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be worried / concerned / nervous / anxious / uneasy / bothered / troubled / disturbed / apprehensive about sth◆to be worried / concerned / anxious for sb / sth◆to be worried / concerned / nervous / anxious / bothered / disturbed / apprehensive that ...◆a worried / a concerned / a nervous / an anxious / an uneasy / a troubled / an apprehensive expression / look / smile◆a worried / a concerned / a nervous / an anxious / a troubled voice◆to get worried / nervous / anxious / apprehensive■ worried thinking about unpleasant things that might happen or might have happened and therefore feeling unhappy and afraid 担心的；担忧的；发愁的◆Don't look so worried!别这么愁眉苦脸的！◆I'm not worried about her－she can take care of herself.我不为她担心－她能照顾好自己。◆I was worried (that) I would fail the exam.我担心考试不及格。◆Where have you been? I've been worried sick (= extremely worried).你到哪里去了？我都担心死了。 see also worry ⇨ concern noun ▸ worriedly adverb ◆He glanced worriedly at his father.他忧心忡忡地瞥了他父亲一眼。■ concerned worried and feeling concern about sth 担心的；忧虑的◆The President is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。◆I was rather concerned at the severity of the punishment.我十分担心惩罚会很重。◆Concerned parents held a meeting.忧心忡忡的家长们开了个会。 see also concern ⇨ concern noun NOTE 辨析 Worried or concerned? Concerned is usually used when you are talking about a problem that affects another person, society, the world, etc.; worried can be used to talk about this or about more personal matters. * concerned通常指担忧影响到他人、社会或世界的问题。worried可以指这种担忧，也可指担心更与个人有关的事情。■ nervous feeling worried about sth or slightly afraid of sth 焦虑的；担忧的；惶恐的◆Consumers are very nervous about the future.消费者对未来非常担忧。◆The horse may be nervous of cars.这匹马可能害怕汽车。◆By the time the police arrived, I was a nervous wreck.警察赶到时，我紧张得都崩溃了。OPP relaxed ⇨ calm , confident ⇨ confident see also nervous ⇨ nervous , nerve-racking ⇨ stressful ▸ nervously adverb ◆She smiled nervously.她惶恐地笑了笑。■ anxious feeling worried or nervous about sth 焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的◆He grew increasingly anxious as time went on.时间一分一秒地过去，他越来越焦躁不安。 see also anxious ⇨ stressful , anxiety ⇨ concern noun ▸ anxiously adverb ◆to ask / look / wait anxiously焦急地询问／注视／等待◆Residents are anxiously awaiting a decision.居民焦急地等待着作出决定。NOTE 辨析 Worried, nervous or anxious? Worried is the most frequent word to describe how you feel when you are thinking about a problem or sth bad that might happen. Anxious can describe a stronger feeling and is more formal. Nervous is more often used to describe how you feel before you do sth very important such as an exam or interview, or sth unpleasant or difficult. Nervous can describe sb's personality: a very nervous girl is often or usually nervous; a worried girl is worried on a particular occasion or about a particular thing: worried describes her feelings, not her personality. Anxious can describe feelings or personality. * worried是最常见的词，指担心问题或令人不悦的事会发生。anxious可描述更强烈的忧虑，用法较正式。nervous较常用于描述要做某件重要事情如考试、面试，或要做令人不快或难度大的事情前的焦虑。nervous可以形容人的性格。a very nervous girl指一个常常紧张焦虑的女孩；a worried girl则指女孩在某一场合或对某一事情感到担忧，即worried形容感觉，不描述性格。anxious可以形容感觉也可以描述性格。■ uneasy feeling worried or unhappy about a particular situation, especially because you think sth bad may happen or because you are not sure that what you are doing is right 担心的；忧虑的；不安的◆He had an uneasy feeling that something terrible was going to happen.他有些不安，预感有糟糕的事要发生。◆She felt uneasy about leaving the children with him.把孩子托付给他，她心里七上八下的。 OPP easy ⇨ easy 2 see also unease ⇨ concern noun ▸ uneasily adverb ◆I wondered uneasily what he was thinking.我惴惴不安，不知道他到底在想什么。■ bothered (often used in negative sentences 常用于否定句) (rather informal) worried, upset or annoyed about sth 烦恼的；担心的；生气的◆You don't sound too bothered about it. Don't you mind?听起来你对此并不太在意。你不介意吗？■ troubled (written) worried or anxious 忧虑的；烦恼的；不安的◆She looked into his troubled face.她打量着他那布满愁容的脸。ⓘ Troubled is used especially to describe people's expressions, faces or eyes. * troubled尤用于描述人的表情、脸或眼睛。■ disturbed (rather formal, especially written) anxious and unhappy about sth 心神不安的；烦恼的◆I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.这个消息让我深感不安和沮丧。■ apprehensive / /ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/ / (formal) slightly afraid that sth bad might happen 担心的；害怕的◆I was a little apprehensive about the effects of what I had said.我有点担心我说的话带来的后果。 see also apprehension ⇨ concern ▸ apprehensively adverb ◆He was looking at me apprehensively.他惴惴不安地看着我。 |