fight verb ⇨fight1 (He fought in the war.)⇨fight2 (My little brothers are always fighting.)⇨argue (It's not worth fighting about.)⇨campaign (Campaigners fought to save the hospital from closure.)⇨compete (fight an election)⇨oppose (fight poverty)fight noun ⇨fight (get into a fight)⇨argument1 (a fight over money)⇨campaign (the fight against crime)⇨game1 (a world title fight)
fight1
verb
He fought in the war.他打过仗。My little brothers are always fighting.我的小弟弟们总在打架。fight ♦︎ wage ♦︎ engage ♦︎ skirmish ♦︎ take up armsThese words all mean to take part in a war or battle against an enemy.这些词均表示打仗、战斗、作战。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fight / engage / skirmish with sb / sth◆to fight / take up arms against sb / sth◆to fight / wage (a) war / battle / campaign◆to fight / engage / take up arms against the enemy■fight(fought, fought) [intransitive, transitive] to take part in a war or battle against an enemy打仗；战斗；作战◆The soldiers were trained to fight in the jungle.这些士兵受过在丛林中作战的训练。◆The country fought several wars against its neighbours.该国同周边的邻国打过好几场仗。◆They gathered soldiers to fight the invading army.他们集结士兵对抗侵略军。 see also fighting ⇨ war■wage [transitive] to begin and continue a war, battle or campaign展开，发动，继续（战争、战斗或战役）◆The rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 1995.反叛者自1995年以来一直进行游击战。◆He alleged that a press campaign was being waged against him.他声称有人在对他发起新闻攻势。■engage / /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to begin fighting a battle with sb与（某人）交战；与（某人）开战◆He ordered his men to engage (with) the enemy.他命令他的士兵与敌人开战。■skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ; NAmEˈskɜːrmɪʃ/ [intransitive] to take part in a short fight between small groups of soldiers, especially one that is not planned发生小规模战斗（尤指遭遇战）◆The patrol skirmished with the enemy for several hours.巡逻队与敌人打了数小时的遭遇战。 see also skirmish ⇨ war■take up ˈarms
idiom
(took, taken) (ratherformal) to prepare to fight a war拿起武器；准备战斗◆He encouraged his supporters to take up arms against the state.他鼓动他的支持者武装起来对抗政府。
fight2
verb
He fought in the war.他打过仗。My little brothers are always fighting.我的小弟弟们总在打架。fight ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ wrestle ♦︎ clash ♦︎ brawl ♦︎ grapple ♦︎ box ♦︎ scuffleThese are all words that can be used when two or more people use physical force against each other.这些词均表示打斗、搏斗、打架。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fight / struggle / wrestle / clash / brawl / grapple / scuffle with sb◆to fight / struggle / box against sb◆to fight / struggle fiercely / furiously◆to struggle / clash violently■fight(fought, fought) [intransitive, transitive] to use physical force to try to defeat another person; to take part in a boxing match打斗；搏斗；打架；参加（拳击比赛）◆My little brothers are always fighting.我的小弟弟们总在打架。◆She fought her attacker, eventually forcing him to flee.她同攻击者搏斗，最终把他赶跑了。◆Doctors fear he may never fight again following his injury in last night's match.医生担心他在昨晚的比赛中受伤后可能再也无法重返拳坛了。■struggle [intransitive] to fight sb or try to get away from them搏斗；扭打；挣扎脱身◆Ben and Jack struggled together on the grass.本和杰克在草地上扭打起来。◆I struggled and screamed for help.我挣扎着，高声呼救。◆How did she manage to struggle free?她是如何设法逃脱的？■wrestle / /ˈresl/ / [intransitive, transitive] to fight sb by holding them and trying to throw or force them to the ground, sometimes as a sport摔跤；把⋯摔倒在地◆As a boy he had boxed and wrestled.他小时候练过拳击和摔跤。◆Armed guards wrestled with the intruder.武装警卫和闯入者扭打起来。◆Shoppers wrestled the raider to the ground.购物的人把抢劫者摔倒在地上。■clash [intransitive] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to come together and fight or compete in a contest打斗；冲突；比赛◆The two teams clash in tomorrow's final.这两个队将在明天的决赛中对决。◆Demonstrators clashed violently with police.示威者与警方发生了激烈的冲突。■brawl / /brɔːl/ / [intransitive] to take part in a noisy and violent fight, usually in a public place（通常在公共场合）打斗，闹事◆They were arrested for brawling in the street.他们因在街头打斗而遭到拘捕。■grapple [intransitive, transitive] to take a firm hold of sb/sth and struggle with them扭打；搏斗◆Passers-by grappled with the man after the attack.袭击之后，路人便与这名男子扭打起来。◆They managed to grapple him to the ground.他们终于把他摔倒在地。■box [intransitive, transitive] to fight sb in the sport of boxing, wearing very large thick gloves（拳击运动中）击打（某人）◆He boxed for Ireland in the Olympics.他在奥运会上代表爱尔兰出战拳击比赛。◆The newcomer boxed the champion for the full twelve rounds.这名新手同冠军拳手的比赛打满了十二个回合。■scuffle [intransitive](of two or more people) to fight or struggle with each other for a short time, in a way that is not very serious（两人或多人之间短暂而不太激烈地）发生肢体摩擦，冲突◆She scuffled with photographers as she left her hotel.在离开下榻的旅馆时，她和几名摄影记者发生了小冲突。
argue
verb
argue ♦︎ quarrel ♦︎ bicker ♦︎ fight ♦︎ clash ♦︎ squabble ♦︎ row ♦︎ fall outThese words all mean to have an angry discussion with sb because you do not agree about sth.这些词均表示争论、争吵。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to argue / quarrel / bicker / fight / clash / squabble / row / fall out with sb◆to argue / quarrel / bicker / fight / clash / squabble / row / fall out over sth◆to argue / quarrel / bicker / fight / squabble / row / fall out about sth■argue [intransitive] to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them争论；争吵；争辩◆You two are always arguing.你们俩总是争论不休。◆We're always arguing with each other about money.我们俩总是为钱吵嘴。◆I don't want to argue with you－just do it!我不想和你争辩－只管做就是了！■quarrel(-ll-, NAmE-l-) [intransitive] to have an angry disagreement with sb, usually about a personal matter（通常为个人事务）争吵，吵架◆My sister and I used to quarrel all the time.我和妹妹过去老是吵架。◆She quarrelled with her brother over their father's will.她和哥哥因父亲遗嘱起了争执。■bicker [intransitive] to quarrel about things that are not important（为小事）斗嘴，争吵◆The children are always bickering about something or other.孩子们有事没事总是在争吵。◆I'm fed up with their constant bickering.他们总是在吵，我真受够了。■fight(fought, fought) [intransitive] (NAmE) to argue with sb you know well, such as a family member, friend or romantic partner（和熟人）争辩，争吵◆It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about.这是桩小事，不值得为之争辩。◆I remember lying in bed listening to my parents fighting.我记得躺在床上听我父母吵架。■clash [intransitive] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to argue or disagree seriously with sb about sth, and to show this in public（公开地）争论，辩论，激辩◆The leaders clashed with party members on the issue.政党领袖和该党党员在这个问题上产生了严重分歧。◆The Prime Minister and his old rival clashed over European policy.首相和他的老对手在欧洲政策问题上展开了针锋相对的争论。■squabble / /ˈskwɒbl; NAmEˈskwɑːbl/ [intransitive] to quarrel noisily about sth that is not important（为小事）争吵，吵闹◆My sisters were squabbling over what to watch on TV.我的姐妹在为看哪个电视节目争吵。◆Will you two stop squabbling!你们俩别吵了！NOTE辨析 Bicker or squabble?Squabbling usually refers to noisy but small arguments, and happens especially between family members, close friends or children. Bickering can suggest that you think the arguing is childish. It is often used to describe arguments between couples in a romantic relationship. * squabble通常指家人、好友或小孩之间喧哗但不严重的争吵。bicker可暗指这种争吵显得孩子气，常指恋人之间的斗嘴。■row /raʊ/ / [intransitive] (BrE, informal) to have a noisy argument大吵；大声争辩◆Mike and Sue are always rowing.迈克和休总是吵架。◆She rowed with her parents about her new boyfriend.她和父母因为她的新男友吵过架。■ˌfall ˈout
phrasal verb
to quarrel with sb, especially a friend or family member, so that you are no longer friendly with them（尤指与朋友或家人）吵翻，闹翻◆He had fallen out with his family.他和家人吵翻了。
campaign
verb
campaign ♦︎ fight ♦︎ lobby ♦︎ work ♦︎ agitateThese words all mean to try hard to achieve sth, by asking or trying to persuade or influence people in power.这些词均表示努力请求、说服或影响当权者以实现目标。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate for sth◆to campaign / lobby / agitate against sth◆to campaign / fight / lobby on behalf of sb◆to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate to do sth◆to campaign / fight / lobby for changes◆to campaign / fight / agitate for reform◆a group campaigns / fights / lobbies / works◆to campaign / fight / lobby / work hard◆to campaign / lobby / work actively / vigorously◆to successfully campaign / fight / lobby for sth■campaign [intransitive] to carry out a series of planned activities over a period of time in order to try to achieve sth, especially a political or social aim（出于政治或社会目的）参加运动，开展运动◆We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.我们最近15年一直开展反对捕鲸的运动。◆The group campaigns on environmental issues.该团体从事环境方面的运动。◆They are campaigning to save the area from building development.他们正开展一场反对在这个地区进行房地产开发的运动。 see also campaigner ⇨ activist■fight(fought, fought) [intransitive, transitive] to try very hard to get or achieve sth努力争取；为⋯而斗争◆He's still fighting for compensation after the accident.他还在力争事故后的赔偿。◆Campaigners fought to save the hospital from closure.参与运动的人努力争取不让医院关闭。◆She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.她努力奋斗，逐步跻身公司高层。NOTE辨析 Campaign or fight?Campaigning often involves such activities as making speeches, putting advertisements in newspapers and writing to members of the government. The aim is often to persuade people that a political or social change is needed or a practice needs to be stopped. You can fight for social or political change too, but this word is also used to talk about achieving justice for yourself, for example gaining the right to do sth. The emphasis with fight is on the determination sb shows to achieve sth. * campaign常涉及发表演讲、在报纸上刊登广告、致信政府人员等活动，目的是使他人意识到进行某项政治或社会变革，或停止某种做法的必要性。fight也可以指为了社会或政治变革而战，但亦指为争取个人公正待遇而斗争，如争取做某事的权利。 fight强调某人达成目标表现出的决心。■lobby [intransitive, transitive] to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law游说（从政者或政府）◆Teachers have lobbied hard against education cuts.教师极力游说反对削减教育经费。◆Farmers will lobby Congress for higher subsidies.农民将游说国会提高补贴。 see also lobby ⇨ partynoun1■work [intransitive] to try hard to achieve sth, especially over a period of time and in a way that involves acting together with other people争取，力争（尤指和他人共同行动一段时间）◆She dedicated her life to working for peace.她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。◆The police and public need to work together to combat crime.警民需要携手打击犯罪。■agitate / /ˈædʒɪteɪt/ / [intransitive] (ratherformal) to argue strongly for sth that you want, especially changes in the law or social conditions激烈争论，鼓动，煽动（尤指为了法律或社会状况的改变）◆Some militant groups have been agitating for autonomy for the region.一些激进团体一直在煽动该地区自治。 see also agitation ⇨ trouble1
compete
verb
compete ♦︎ fight ♦︎ battle ♦︎ take sb on ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ contest ♦︎ vie ♦︎ pit sb/sth against sb/sthThese words all mean to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you, for example in a competition, contest or election.这些词均表示竞争、对抗、争夺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to compete / fight / battle / struggle / vie for sth◆to compete / battle / struggle / vie with sb◆to compete / battle / vie to do sth◆to compete for / battle for / contest / vie for a (first / second, etc.) place◆to compete / fight / struggle / vie for power◆to fight / battle / struggle / vie for control◆to compete / fight / vie for a share of sth◆to compete / fight / battle / struggle hard◆to successfully compete for / fight (for) / contest sth■compete [intransitive] to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you竞争；对抗◆Small bookshops can't compete with the large stores.小书店无法与大店竞争。◆Several projects are competing against each other for scarce resources.几个项目在互相竞争抢夺稀缺资源。◆Travel firms are competing fiercely on price.旅行社在进行激烈的价格竞争。◆Colleges will have to compete to attract the best students.各大学将不得不竞相吸引最优秀的学生。 see also competitor,the competition ⇨ enemy■fight(fought, fought) [intransitive, transitive] to take part in a contest, especially when you compete very hard（激烈）竞争；参加（竞赛）◆She's fighting for a place in the national team.她正努力争取加入国家队。◆Collins fought back to level the match at 2 sets all.科林斯奋力反击，将比赛扳成二比二平局。◆ (especially BrE) There are twelve parties fighting the election.有十二个党派参加竞选。■battle [intransitive] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to try very hard to be more successful than an opponent in a contest or argument or to achieve sth difficult（为战胜对手或困难）拼搏，奋斗，斗争◆Unions are battling with the company over the job losses.工会正就职位削减问题同那家公司进行斗争。◆The players have battled hard.运动员拼得很辛苦。◆The two sides will battle it out in the final next week.双方将于下周决赛中决一胜负。ⓘ Battle can also mean 'to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous'. * battle还可指和令人不快或危险的事物作斗争◆She's still battling with a knee injury.她还在同膝部的伤痛作斗争。In this meaning it is also used with an object in American English.表达此义时，battle在美式英语中还可带宾语◆He battled cancer for four years.他同癌症斗争了四年。 see also fight ⇨ oppose■ˌtake sb ˈon
phrasal verb
(took, taken) [no passive] to accept sb as an opponent和某人较量◆He'll take on the former Olympic champion in the 5 000 metres.他将在5 000米比赛中迎战前奥运冠军。◆Why don't you take him on at chess?你为什么不和他比赛下棋？■struggle [intransitive] to compete or argue with sb, especially in order to get sth争夺；争辩◆The two men struggled for control of the party.两人在争夺该党的控制权。◆The firms are struggling for market share.那些公司在争夺市场份额。■contest [transitive] to take part in a competition or election角逐，参加（比赛或选举）◆Three candidates contested the leadership.有三名候选人角逐领导权。◆It turned out to be another hotly contested tournament.结果这成了又一场竞争白热化的比赛。■vie / /vaɪ/ / [intransitive] (ratherformal) to compete strongly against sb in order to get sth激烈竞争；争夺◆The boys would vie with each other to impress her.那些男孩子竞相努力给她留下好印象。◆They are all vying for a place in the team.他们都在力争能够入队。■ˈpit sb/sth against sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-tt-)to test sb or their strength, intelligence or determination in a contest against sb/sth else使竞争；使较量；使经受考验◆The issue of water supply pitted farmers against environmentalists.供水问题使农民和环保人士展开了较量。◆They pit their wits against each other in the weekly sports quiz.在每周的体育竞猜中，他们互相斗智。
oppose
verb
oppose ♦︎ resist ♦︎ fight ♦︎ combat ♦︎ defy ♦︎ rebel ♦︎ go against sb/sth ♦︎ disobey ♦︎ stand up to sb ♦︎ floutThese words all mean to speak or act against things that you disagree with.这些词均表示反对、抵制、与⋯作斗争。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fight / rebel against sb / sth◆to oppose / resist / fight a plan / proposal◆to oppose / fight / defy / flout a ban◆to oppose / fight / defy / stand up to the government◆to defy / disobey your parents◆to oppose / defy / disobey / flout the law◆to defy / rebel against / disobey / flout authority◆to oppose / defy / go against / flout sb's wishes◆to fight / combat crime / disease / pollution / inflation◆to defy / disobey / flout a / an rule / order◆to fiercely / bitterly / strongly oppose / resist sth■oppose [transitive] to disagree strongly with a person, plan or policy, and to speak or act against them反对（人、计划或政策）；抵制；阻挠◆This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty.这个党会强烈反对恢复死刑。◆He found himself opposed by his own deputy.他发现遭到了自己副手的反对。◆I would oppose changing the law.我会反对改变这条法规。OPPsupport ⇨ support1, propose ⇨ propose see also opposition ⇨ opposition, opponent ⇨ enemy■resist [transitive] to refuse to accept a change or what sb wants to do, and try to stop it from happening抵制；阻挡◆They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他们决心顶住要求修改这项法律的压力。◆The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.银行强烈反对降低利率。 see also resistance ⇨ opposition■fight(fought, fought) [transitive, intransitive] to use a lot of effort to oppose a decision or plan, or to stop or deal with sth bad极力反对（决定或计划）；与（坏事）作斗争◆Workers are fighting the decision to close the factory.工人在极力反对关闭工厂的决定。◆We are committed to fighting poverty.我们致力于消除贫困。◆We will fight for as long as it takes.我们要一直斗争到底。 see also battle ⇨ compete■combat / /ˈkɒmbæt; NAmEˈkɑːmæt/ (-t-or-tt-) [transitive] (ratherformal) to take action to stop or deal with sth bad与（坏事）作斗争◆He announced new measures to combat crime in the inner cities.他宣布了打击内城区犯罪活动的新措施。◆The country has appealed for aid to combat serious shortages of foodstuffs.该国已吁请援助以应付严重的食品短缺。NOTE辨析 Fight or combat?Fight has a wider range of collocates than combat, and is often used to talk about things that you oppose personally. * fight常指站在个人立场上反对某事，搭配词的范围较combat广◆to fight a decision / plan / ban反对决定／计划／禁令◆to fight against sth反对某事◆to combat a decision/plan/ban◆to combat against sthBoth fight and combat can be used to talk about official efforts to deal with economic and social conditions such as poverty, crime, unemployment and inflation. Fight is not normally used with shortages. * fight和combat均可指官方努力应对poverty、crime、unemployment和inflation等经济和社会问题。fight通常不与shortage连用◆to fight serious shortages of foodstuffs■defy /dɪˈfaɪ/ / [transitive] to refuse to obey or show respect for sb/sth in authority, a law, rule or decision违抗；反抗；蔑视◆I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers.我可不敢不听老师的话。◆Hundreds of people today defied the ban on political gatherings.今天有数百人违抗禁止政治集会的规定。 see also defiant ⇨ naughty▸defiance
noun
[uncountable] ◆Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban.尽管国际上明令禁止，核试验又在进行了。◆She held up a clenched fist in a gesture of defiance.她举起攥紧的拳头以示反抗。■rebel / /rɪˈbel/ / [intransitive] to stop obeying sb/sth that has authority over you造反；反抗；背叛◆He later rebelled against his strict religious upbringing.他后来背叛了从小所受的严格宗教教育。◆Most teenagers find something to rebel against.大多数青少年都会反抗这个反抗那个。 see also rebellious ⇨ naughty▸rebellion
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Some members are in rebellion against proposed cuts in spending.有些成员反对削减开支的建议。◆Teenage rebellion often starts in the home.青少年的叛逆常常始于家庭。■ˌgo aˈgainst sb/sth
phrasal verb
(goes, went, gone)to disagree with a rule or sb's wishes and do the opposite of what they say违反（规则）；违背（意愿）；与⋯相背◆He would not go against his parents' wishes.他不会违背父母的意愿。■disobey / /ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ / [transitive, intransitive] to refuse to do what a law, order or sb in authority tells you to do不服从；不顺从；违抗◆He was punished for disobeying orders.他因抗命而受罚。◆How dare you disobey me!你竟敢不听我的！OPPobey ⇨ follow3 see also disobedient ⇨ naughty■ˌstand ˈup to sb
phrasal verb
(stood, stood)to refuse to accept bad treatment from a more powerful person or organization without complaining勇敢地对抗；拒绝接受（强大势力的）不公正对待◆It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies.她不向那几个坏蛋屈服，真是勇敢。■flout / /flaʊt/ / [transitive] to show that you have no respect for a law, rule or custom by openly not obeying it公然蔑视，无视（法律、规则或习俗）◆She likes flouting convention and doing her own thing.她就爱藐视习俗、我行我素。
fight
noun
fight ♦︎ clash ♦︎ brawl ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ scuffle ♦︎ tussleThese are all words for a situation in which people try to defeat each other using physical force.这些词均表示搏斗、打斗、打架。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a fight / clash / brawl / struggle / scuffle / tussle with sb◆a fight / clash / brawl / struggle / scuffle / tussle between people◆a fight / clash / brawl / struggle / scuffle / tussle over sth◆in a fight / clash / brawl / struggle / scuffle / tussle◆a violent fight / clash / struggle◆to be in / get into / be involved in a fight / clash / brawl / scuffle / tussle◆to have a fight / brawl / scuffle◆to break up a fight / brawl◆a fight / clash / brawl / scuffle breaks out■fight [countable] a situation in which two or more people try to defeat each other using physical force搏斗；打斗；打架◆He got into a fight with a man in the bar.他在酒吧里和一个男人打了一架。◆A fight broke out between rival groups of fans.双方的支持者打了起来。◆They got tickets to watch the world title fight(= fighting as a sport).他们弄到了观看世界拳王争霸赛的票。■clash [countable] (journalism新闻) a short fight between two groups of people（两群人之间短暂的）打斗，打架，冲突◆Eight people were wounded in a clash with border guards.在与边防警卫的冲突中有八人受伤。■brawl [countable] a noisy and violent fight involving a group of people, usually in a public place（通常指一群人在公共场合的）喧闹，斗殴，闹事◆a street / pub / tavern / nightclub / bar-room brawl街头／酒吧／酒馆／夜总会／酒吧间的斗殴■struggle [countable] a fight between two people or groups of people, especially when one of them is trying to escape, or to get sth from the other搏斗；扭打；（尤指）挣扎脱身，抢夺◆There were no signs of a struggle at the murder scene.在凶案现场没有搏斗痕迹。■scuffle [countable] a short and not very violent fight or struggle（短暂而不太激烈的）肢体摩擦，冲突◆He was involved in a scuffle with a photographer.他和一名摄影记者发生了肢体冲撞。■tussle [countable] a short struggle, fight or argument, especially in order to get sth（尤指为争夺物品的短暂的）扭打，争斗，争执◆He was injured during a tussle for the ball.他在争球时受了伤。
argument1
noun
have an argument with sb和某人争吵arguments for and against sth支持和反对某事的论据➡ See also the entry for ⇨ debate另见debate条argument ♦︎ row ♦︎ fight ♦︎ quarrel ♦︎ squabble ♦︎ tiff ♦︎ shouting matchThese are all words for a situation in which people disagree and speak angrily to each other.这些词均表示争辩、争吵。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an argument / a row / a fight / a quarrel / a squabble / a tiff / a shouting match with sb◆an argument / a row / a fight / a quarrel / a squabble / a tiff / a shouting match between two people◆an argument / a row / a fight / a quarrel / a squabble about / over sth◆a bitter / fierce / violent argument / row / quarrel◆a big argument / row / fight◆to become / get involved in an argument / a row / a fight / a quarrel◆to have an argument / a row / a fight / a tiff◆to get into / start an argument / a fight◆to pick a fight / a quarrel◆to win / lose an argument / a fight◆an argument / a row / a fight / a quarrel breaks out■argument [countable, uncountable] a conversation or discussion in which two or more people disagree, often angrily争论；争吵；争辩◆She got into an argument with the teacher.她和老师争论起来。◆After some heated argument a decision was finally made.激烈辩论之后终于作出了决定。■row / /raʊ/ / [countable] (BrE, informal) a noisy argument between two or more people, especially about a personal matter（尤指关于个人事务的）吵架，大声争辩◆She left him after a blazing row.大吵一架后，她离他而去。◆He'd had a row with his son.他跟儿子吵了一架。ⓘ In journalism, row is also used to talk about a public disagreement between people or organizations.在新闻用语中，row还指人与人之间、机构与机构之间公开的意见分歧。 see also row ⇨ confrontation■fight [countable] (especially NAmE) an argument between people who know each other, such as family members, friends or romantic partners（熟人之间的）争辩，争吵◆Did you two have a fight?你们俩吵架了吗？◆We had a fight over money.我们因为钱吵了一架。■quarrel /ˈkwɒrəl; NAmEˈkwɔːrəl, ˈkwɑːrəl/ [countable] (especiallywritten) an angry disagreement between people, often about a personal matter（常指为个人事务的）争吵，吵架◆I don't want to pick a quarrel with her.我不想找她的碴。ⓘ Quarrel [uncountable] is also a reason for complaining about sb/sth or for disagreeing with sb/sth. * quarrel还指抱怨或反对的理由◆We have no quarrel with his methods.我们没有理由不赞成他的方法。NOTE辨析 Argument, row, fight or quarrel?A row, fight or quarrel is usually about a personal matter between people who know each other. * row、fight或quarrel通常是熟人之间关于个人事务的争吵◆We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.我们和服务员因为账单发生口角。◆We had a row/fight/quarrel with the waiter about the bill.Row is only really used in British English; fight is mostly used in American English. A quarrel is usually less violent than a row or fight, but it can be a disagreement that continues over a period of time; an argument can be violent or it can be a serious discussion that involves defending an opinion or position. * row仅用于英式英语，fight多用于美式英语。quarrel通常没有row和fight激烈，但可以持续一段时间。argument可以是激烈的争吵，也可以是为捍卫观点或立场而进行的严肃辩论。■squabble /ˈskwɒbl; NAmEˈskwɑːbl/ [countable] (ratherinformal) a noisy argument, especially about sth that is not very important（为小事的）争吵，口角◆There were endless squabbles over who should sit where.为谁该坐哪儿吵个不停。■tiff [countable] (informal) a small argument between close friends or lovers（朋友或恋人之间的）争执，拌嘴，口角◆She was upset because she'd had a tiff with her boyfriend.她和男友吵了一架，心情很糟。◆It's just a lovers' tiff.那不过是恋人之间的拌嘴。■ˈshouting match [countable] an argument in which people shout loudly at each other大吵；高声的争论◆The meeting had turned into a shouting match between the tenants and the landlord.这次会面发展成房客和房东之间的大吵大闹。
campaign
noun
campaign ♦︎ battle ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ drive ♦︎ war ♦︎ fight ♦︎ crusadeThese are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth.这些词均表示为达目的所作的奋斗或斗争。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight / crusade for sth◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade against sth◆a battle / struggle / war / fight between people◆a big / major campaign / battle / struggle / drive◆a successful campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight◆a / an national / international campaign / battle / struggle / drive / crusade◆a personal / one-man / one-woman campaign / battle / struggle / war / crusade◆a bitter campaign / battle / struggle / fight◆a brave / desperate battle / struggle / fight◆a political campaign / battle / struggle◆to launch / embark on a campaign / battle / drive / crusade◆to lead / continue the campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade◆to win / lose the battle / struggle / war / fight◆to give up the battle / struggle / fight◆The campaign / battle / war / fight is on.■campaign / /kæmˈpeɪn/ / [countable] a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的）运动◆She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.她领导了要求改革议会的运动。◆We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.我们会在新年发起反对吸烟的运动。◆The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.广告宣传活动是销售额大幅增长的原因。 see also campaigner ⇨ activist■battle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control较量；争论；斗争◆She finally won the legal battle for compensation.她最终在这场要求赔偿的争讼中获胜。◆Looking after a two-year-old needn't be a constant battle of wills(= when each side is very determined to win).照顾两岁的孩子未必是一场持久的意志较量。◆He had been conducting a personal battle of wits(= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try and win) with the sales manager since his first day at work.他从第一天上班开始就一直在和销售经理斗智。■struggle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control较量；争论；斗争◆He was a major player in the struggle for independence.在这场争取独立的斗争中，他是主角。◆It is an epic tale of the struggle between good and evil.这是一个关于善恶之争的史诗式故事。◆She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。 see also struggle ⇨ resistverbNOTE辨析 Battle or struggle?In many cases you can use either word, but a struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但struggle总是指看起来绝对必要的斗争，如关于生死或自由。battle还可指非必要的斗争，如仅仅是为了满足欲求或获得胜利的满足感◆the battle / struggle between good and evil / man and nature善与恶／人与自然之争◆a legal struggle for compensation◆a struggle of wills/wits■drive [countable] an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth（团体为达到某种目的而进行的）有组织的努力，运动◆He played a crucial role in the drive for greater efficiency.他在提高效率的运动中扮演了关键角色。◆She is leading the recruitment drive.她在领导招募活动。NOTE辨析 Campaign or drive?A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth. * campaign通常是旨在发动别人参加的运动；drive则可能是让自己努力参与其中的运动◆From today, we're going on an economy drive(= we must spend less).从今天起，我们要开展节约运动。◆an economy campaignA campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive. * campaign可以指比drive更大规模、更正式和更有组织的活动。■war [uncountable, singular] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad（为消灭或阻止有害事物的）长期斗争，顽强抵御◆The government has declared war on drug dealers.政府已经向贩毒分子宣战。◆We seem to be winning the war against crime.我们在打击犯罪方面似乎已做出成绩。■fight [singular] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport（抑恶或扬善的）斗争；（尤指体育）比赛，竞赛◆Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.工人赢得了阻止强制性裁员的斗争。◆The team put up a good fight(= they played well) but were finally beaten.这个队打得不错，但最后还是输了。■crusade / /kruːˈseɪd/ / [countable] a long and determined effort to achieve sth that you believe to be right or to stop sth that you believe to be wrong（长期坚定不移的）斗争，运动◆We must continue the crusade against crime.我们必须继续打击犯罪。◆Her moral crusade began in 1963.她那提倡道德的运动始于1963年。◆He led a crusade to give terminally ill people the right to die.他领导了一场给予末期病人死亡权利的运动。 see also crusader ⇨ activistNOTE辨析 War, fight or crusade?A war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself. A crusade is often about persuading other people to share your beliefs about what is right and wrong. * war指对公认的丑恶现象进行的斗争，如毒品和犯罪。 fight 可指为自己争取公正而进行的斗争。crusade常指说服别人接受自己的是非观的运动。
game1
noun
a game of football/chess/cards足球／国际象棋／纸牌比赛ball/party games球类运动；聚会游戏game ♦︎ match ♦︎ final ♦︎ test ♦︎ tie ♦︎ fixture ♦︎ play-off ♦︎ fight ♦︎ round ♦︎ replay ♦︎ boutThese are all words for sports events where people or teams compete against each other.这些词均表示赛事、比赛。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a game / match / final / test / tie / fixture / play-off / fight / replay / bout against / between / with sb◆an exciting game / match / final / tie / fight◆a tough game / match / tie / fixture / fight / bout◆a big game / match◆a home game / match / test / tie / fixture◆an away game / match / tie / fixture◆a / an international / friendly game / match / fixture◆a football game / match / final / fixture◆a tennis game / match / final◆a rugby game / match / test◆a cricket match / test◆to win / lose a game / match / final / test / tie / play-off / fight / replay / bout◆to play a game / a match / in a final / a test / a tie / a fixture / a round◆to go to / see / watch a game / match / final / test / tie / play-off / fight / replay■game [countable] a sports event or other activity in which people or teams compete against each other体育赛事；比赛◆a game of chess国际象棋比赛◆Will he be available for Saturday's game against the Bears?他能参加周六对熊队的比赛吗？■match [countable] (especially BrE) a sports event in which people or teams compete against each other体育比赛；竞赛◆They're playing an important match against Chelsea on Saturday.星期六他们和切尔西队有一场重要比赛。◆I'll probably watch the match on TV.我可能会在电视上看那场比赛。NOTE辨析 Game or match?Game has a wider range of uses than match: it is used to talk about team sports, or activities in which individuals play against each other. * game的用法比match更为广泛，可指团队运动或个人间的对抗性活动◆a game of football / chess / cards足球／国际象棋／纸牌比赛However, it is not used so often in this meaning to talk about individual sports such as tennis: a game in tennis has a more particular meaning, as one part of a tennis match. In British English match is used to talk about individual or team sports but not other activities.不过，表达此义时，game不常指网球等个人运动，而要用tennis match（网球比赛）。game在网球运动中有特定的意思，指比赛的一局。在英式英语中，match指个人或团队的体育运动，但不指其他活动◆a chess/cards matchIn American English match is used for individual sports, but game is preferred for team sports.在美式英语中，match用于指个人运动，game更多指团队运动 (BrE) ◆a football match足球比赛 (BrE, NAmE) ◆a football game足球比赛You can say a game of football or a football game/match but not◆a match of footballChess game is less frequent than a game of chess; in British English a card game is a type of card game, such as bridge or poker, not an occasion when people play cards, but in American English it can be either.可以说 a game of football或a football game/match，但不说a match of football。一般用a game of chess，较少用chess game。a card game在英式英语中指某种牌类比赛，如桥牌或扑克，而非众人玩牌的场合，但在美式英语中指二者皆可。■final [countable] the last in a series of games or competitions in which the winner is decided决赛◆She reached the final of the 100m hurdles.她取得了100米跨栏的决赛资格。◆The players met in last year's final.这些选手在去年的决赛上相遇过。◆The country will stage next year's World Cup finals(= the last few games in the competition).明年的世界杯决赛将在该国进行。■test ( Test) ( ˈtest match) [countable] (BrE) (in cricket or rugby) a match played between the teams of two different countries, usually as part of a series of matches on a tour（板球或橄榄球的）国家队间的比赛（常为一系列巡回比赛的一部分）◆They played well in the first test against South Africa.他们在对南非的第一场国际锦标赛中打得不错。■tie [countable] (BrE) (in sport, especially football) a match that is part of a larger competition（尤指足球等运动的）淘汰赛◆It was the first leg of the Cup tie between Leeds and Roma.那是利兹队和罗马队在优胜杯淘汰赛中的第一轮比赛。 see also tie ⇨ drawnoun■fixture / /ˈfɪkstʃə(r)/ / [countable] (BrE) a sports event that has been arranged to take place on a particular date and at a particular place（定期定点举行的）体育活动，体育节◆There are plans to make the race an annual fixture.已有计划使该赛事成为一年一度的体育活动。◆It will be difficult to fit the match into an already crowded fixture list(= list of planned matches to be played).将该比赛纳入已经非常紧凑的赛程表会比较困难。■ˈplay-off (BrE) (NAmEplayoff) [countable](in sport) a match or series of matches between two teams or players with equal points or positions to decide the winner（运动比赛中平分后决出胜负的）附加赛，季后赛◆Britain now face a play-off for the bronze medal against South Korea.英国现在将要进行一场和韩国角逐铜牌的附加赛。ⓘ In many US sports the playoffs are the part of the season, after the regular sports season is over, when the best teams play each other for the title.在美国的许多运动项目中，playoff是赛季的一部分，指常规赛季结束后成绩最好的运动队之间的争冠比赛◆It looks like the Red Sox and the Yankees will meet in the playoffs again this year.看来红袜队和扬基队今年又要在季后赛中相遇了。■fight [countable] a match between two people in a sport in which people fight with their hands or bodies, such as boxing or wrestling（拳击、摔跤等）搏击比赛◆He is unbeaten in 34 fights.他连续34场搏击比赛保持不败。◆He has lined up a world title fight against Lewis.他已经安排了一场和刘易斯对决的世界冠军争霸赛。■round [countable] a complete game of golf; a complete way around a course in some other sports, such as showjumping(= riding a horse and jumping over a set of fences)（高尔夫球、马术场地障碍赛等的）一轮比赛，一局◆We played a round of golf.我们打了一场高尔夫球。◆It was the first horse to jump a clear round.这是干净利落地完成整套跳跃表演的第一匹马。■replay / /ˈriːpleɪ/ / [countable] (BrE) a match that is played again because neither side won in the previous match（因未决出胜负而进行的）重赛◆They scored a late goal to force a replay.他们终场前进了一球，不得不进行重赛。■bout / /baʊt/ / [countable] a match between two people in a fighting sport such as boxing or wrestling（拳击、摔跤等）搏击比赛◆It was hailed as one of the best heavyweight bouts of recent times.这被誉为近年来最精彩的重量级拳击比赛之一。