figure noun ⇨figure (unemployment figures)⇨body1 (She has a good figure.)⇨diagram (This information is shown in figure 11.)⇨number2 (a six-figure sum)⇨person (a leading figure in the music industry)⇨shape (a tall figure in black)⇨put a figure on sth⇨calculateverbfigure verb ⇨calculate (The cost is figured at $15 000.)⇨conclude (That's what I figured.)⇨estimate (figure how much it would cost)⇨feature (figure in sb's plans)
figure
noun
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ information and ⇨ number2另见information条和number条第2义figure ♦︎ number ♦︎ statistics ♦︎ fraction ♦︎ statsThese are all words for a word or symbol that represents a particular quantity.这些词均表示数字、数量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a high / low / round figure / number◆exact figures / numbers / statistics◆approximate figures / numbers◆accurate / reliable / alarming figures / statistics◆to add / multiply / subtract / divide figures / numbers / fractions◆to publish figures / statistics■figure [countable] a number that represents a particular amount or quantity, especially one given in official information（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字◆Viewing figures for the series have dropped dramatically.该系列节目的收视人数已显著减少。◆Figures for April show a slight improvement on previous months.4月份的数字比前几个月略有改善。◆By 2004, this figure had risen to 14 million.到2004年为止，这个数字已增长到1 400万。■number [countable] a word or symbol that represents an amount or quantity数字；数；数量◆Think of a number and multiply it by two.想出一个数，然后乘以二。◆The houses on this side of the road are all even numbers(= 2, 4, 6, etc.).路这边的房子门牌号都是偶数。◆Pick out all the odd numbers(= 1, 3, 5, etc.).找出所有的奇数。◆'So you owe me 28 dollars?' 'Make it 30, that's a good round number.'“那你欠我28元？”“算30吧，凑个整儿好记。”■statistics / /stəˈtɪstɪks/ / [plural] (ratherformal) a collection of information shown in numbers统计数字；统计资料◆According to official statistics the disease kills 10 000 people a year.根据官方的统计数字，每年有1万人死于这种疾病。ⓘ A statistic [countable] is a piece of information shown in numbers.单数形式的statistic指一项统计数据◆An important statistic is that 94 per cent of crime relates to property.一个重要数据是94%的犯罪同财产有关。◆I felt I was no longer being treated as a person but as a statistic.我感觉我不再被看作人，而被当成一个统计数字了。▸statistical / /stəˈtɪstɪkl/ /
◆The difference between the two samples was not statistically significant.在统计学的意义上，这两个样品没有显著的差异。NOTE辨析 Figures or statistics?In many cases either of these words can be used.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆official / government / crime / unemployment figures / statistics官方／政府／犯罪／失业数字Statistics can suggest a greater level of science and calculation (for example, working out percentages and changes over time, not just adding up numbers). Statistics can also be used in a more general way than figures. * statistics可意味着更高深的科学与计算方法（比如，算出百分比和一段时间内的变化，而不只是数字加总）。与figures相比，statistics的用法也较宽泛◆Statistics show that far more people are able to ride a bicycle than can drive a car.统计数字显示会骑自行车的人比会开车的人多得多。With figures it is usually necessary to say which figures.用figures时通常有必要指出是什么样的数字◆Government / Inflation figures show that...政府／通货膨胀数字显示⋯◆Figures show that...■fraction [countable] a division of a number, for example ⅝ or 0.625分数；小数◆How do you express 25% as a fraction?25%用小数怎么表示？■stats [plural] (informal) statistics统计数字；统计资料◆The match stats show that there were 16 instances of players being offside.比赛的统计数字显示队员有16次越位。ⓘ Stats is often used to talk about the results or an analysis of a sports game. * stats常用于描述体育比赛的结果或分析。
body1
noun
Her whole body trembled.她浑身发抖。a dead body一具尸体body ♦︎ skeleton ♦︎ figure ♦︎ physique ♦︎ build ♦︎ anatomyThese are all words for the physical structure or shape of a person or animal.这些词均表示人或动物的躯体或体形。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the human body / skeleton / figure / anatomy◆a / the female / male body / skeleton / figure / anatomy◆a good body / figure / physique◆a powerful body / physique / build◆a slim body / figure / build◆to have a good, large, slim, etc. body / figure / physique / build◆a part of the body / anatomy■body [countable] the whole physical structure of a human being or animal身体；躯体◆Her whole body was trembling.她浑身发抖。◆He pulled the sheet up over his naked body.他拉过床单盖住赤裸的身体。◆The heart pumps blood around the body.心脏把血液输送到全身。◆body weight / size / temperature / heat体重；身材；体温；体热◆body fat / tissues身体的脂肪／组织■skeleton / /ˈskelɪtn/ / [countable] the structure of bones that supports the body of a person or animal; a model of this structure骨骼；骨架；骨骼标本◆The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.人体骨骼由206块骨头组成。◆a dinosaur skeleton恐龙骨架■figure [countable] the shape of a person's body, especially a woman's body that is attractive身材；体形；（尤指女性优美的）身段◆She's always had a good figure.她身材一向很好。◆I'm watching my figure(= trying not to get fat).我一直注意保持身材。 see also figure ⇨ shapenoun■physique / /fɪˈziːk/ / [countable, uncountable] (oftenapproving) the size and shape of a person's body体格；体形◆He has the physique of a rugby player.他有着橄榄球运动员的体格。◆She doesn't have the physique to be a dancer.她的体形不适合做舞蹈演员。■build [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the size and shape of a person's body体形；体格；身材◆He was described as a man of average build.他被描述为一个中等身材的人。◆He's heavier in build than his brother.他比他哥哥体格壮实。NOTE辨析 Physique or build?A person's physique is often described in approving terms. * physique指人的体格和体形时常用作褒义词◆his magnificent / muscular physique他魁伟／强壮的体格◆the physique of an athlete / a bodybuilder运动员／健身者的身材Build is simply a descriptive term, neither approving or disapproving, and is mostly concerned with a person's size. * build只是描述性的词，不含褒贬，大多跟人的块头相关◆to be of average / medium / slight / slim / heavy / strong build中等身材；身材瘦小；体形苗条；体格粗壮／强壮■anatomy / /əˈnætəmi/ / [countable, uncountable] the structure of an animal or plant（动植物的）结构，解剖◆the anatomy of the horse马的身体构造◆human anatomy人体解剖ⓘ In humorous language sb's anatomy is their body.在幽默语中anatomy指人体◆ (humorous) Various parts of his anatomy were clearly visible.他身体的各个部位都清晰可见。
diagram
noun
diagram ♦︎ figure ♦︎ chart ♦︎ illustration ♦︎ graph ♦︎ pie chart ♦︎ bar chart ♦︎ grid ♦︎ flow chartThese are all words for ways in which information is presented without using words, for example using lines or drawings.这些词均表示图表或示意图。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a diagram / a figure / a chart / an illustration / a graph / a pie chart / a bar chart / a flow chart◆on a diagram / chart / graph◆a simple diagram / chart / graph / pie chart / bar chart / grid / flow chart◆to draw a diagram / chart / graph / pie chart / bar chart / grid / flow chart◆to show sth in / on a diagram / a chart / an illustration / a graph / a pie chart◆to show / present sth as a pie chart / bar chart◆to produce a diagram / chart / graph / pie chart / bar chart◆See the diagram / figure / chart / illustration / graph / pie chart / bar chart / flow chart...◆a diagram / a figure / a chart / an illustration / a graph / a pie chart / a bar chart / a flow chart shows sth◆a diagram / figure / chart / graph illustrates / indicates sth■diagram [countable] a simple drawing using lines to explain where sth is, how sth works or what sth is like简图；图解；示意图◆She drew a diagram of an electrical circuit on the board.她在板上画了一个电路图。◆The whole process can be shown in a simple diagram.整个流程可以用一个简图来表示。■figure (abbreviationfig.) [countable] (written) a picture or diagram in a book that is referred to by a number（书籍中标有号码的）图，表◆Food passes down the oesophagus to the stomach (see fig. 4).食物经食道进入胃（见图4）。◆Figure 4 represents the process of soil erosion.图4所示是土壤侵蚀的过程。ⓘ Figure or fig. is usually used in technical or educational books. * figure或fig.通常用在技术或教育类书籍中。■chart [countable] a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams or lists of figures（整页或整张的）图表◆A chart on the wall showed sales figures for the previous year.墙上的图表显示了上个年度的销售数字。◆The Greek astronomer Hipparcos drew the first accurate star chart.希腊天文学家希帕克斯绘制出第一幅精确的星图。 see also table ⇨ listnoun■illustration / /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/ / [countable] a drawing or picture in a book or magazine, especially one that explains sth（书籍或杂志的）插图，图解◆The book has 50 full-colour illustrations.这本书有50幅全彩插图。◆The illustration on page 10 shows the layout of the area.第10页上的插图显示该地区的布局。 see also illustrate ⇨ decorate, illustrate ⇨ explain1, picture ⇨ picture■graph /græf, BrE alsogrɑːf/ [countable] a planned drawing, consisting of a line or lines, showing how two or more sets of numbers or measurements are related to each other（表示相互关系的）图表，曲线图◆Draw a graph showing how wages increased in the 18th century.绘制一张展示18世纪工资增长情况的曲线图。◆Plot the information on a graph.把信息标示在图表上。■ˈpie chart [countable] a diagram consisting of a circle that is divided into sections to show the size of particular amounts in relation to the whole（用圆中的扇形面积表示相对数量的）饼分图，圆形统计图◆Produce a pie chart of each week's figures.把每周的数字绘制成饼分图。■ˈbar chart (NAmE alsoˈbar graph) [countable] a diagram that uses narrow bands of different heights to show different amounts, so that they can be compared（以不同长度的条形表示不同数量以作比较的）条形图◆The bar chart shows what the average American consumes in a year compared with other nationalities.该条形图所示为美国人与其他国家居民年平均消费量的比较。■grid [countable] a pattern of squares on a map that are marked with letters or numbers to help you find the exact position of a place（地图上的）坐标方格◆Each of the grid squares on the map is equal to one square kilometre.地图上的每个坐标方格等于1平方公里。◆The grid reference is C8.地图上的坐标方格数字为C8。■ˈflow chart ( ˈflow diagram) [countable] a diagram that shows the connections between the different stages of a process or parts of a system流程图◆The flow chart below shows what happens to the product between manufacture and final delivery.下面的流程图展示了产品从生产到最终交付需要经过哪些环节。
number2
noun
a large number of people许多人He lives at number 12.他住在12号。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ figure另见figure条number ♦︎ letter ♦︎ figure ♦︎ symbol ♦︎ digit ♦︎ character ♦︎ mark ♦︎ signThese are all words for a single item that you write or print, that has a fixed meaning.这些词均表示符号、代号、记号。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to write sth in numbers / letters / figures / symbols◆the symbol / character / sign for sth◆a single letter / figure / symbol / digit / character◆double letters / figures / digits◆a binary / decimal number / figure / digit◆to print / write a number / letter / figure / digit / character / mark◆to bear / be marked with / have a number / letter / figure / symbol◆a symbol / character / sign means / indicates sth◆a sequence / series / set / string of numbers / letters / figures / symbols / digits / characters■number [countable] used to show the position of sth in a series; a series of figures used to identify sth or to communicate by telephone or fax编号；序数；（电话或传真的）号码◆The song reached number 5 in the charts.这首歌在排行榜中位列第5。◆What is your social security number, please?请问你的社会保障号码是多少？◆My phone number is 266998.我的电话号码是266998。◆I'm sorry, I think you have the wrong number(= wrong telephone number).对不起，我想你打错了。◆He dialled the number, then changed his mind and hung up.他拨了那个号码，随即却改变了主意，挂断了电话。■letter [countable] a written or printed symbol that represents a sound used in speech字母◆'B' is the second letter of the alphabet.B是字母表中的第二个字母。◆Write your name in capital letters.用大写字母书写姓名。■figure [countable] a written or printed symbol that represents one of the numbers between 0 and 9数字符号；位数ⓘ Figure is usually used to talk about a series of symbols that represent an amount larger than 9. For a single symbol between 0 and 9, number is more often used. * figure通常指大于9的数字，0到9之间的数字较常用number表示◆She's earning a six-figure salary(= over 100 000 pounds, dollars or euros).她挣六位数的薪水。◆His salary is now in six figures.他的薪水现在是六位数。◆ (BrE) Inflation is now in single / double figures.通货膨胀率现在是一位数／两位数。ⓘ In American English use in single/double digits.在美式英语中用in single/double digits。■symbol [countable] a number, letter or shape that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics or music符号；代号；记号◆What is the chemical symbol for copper?铜的化学符号是什么？◆A list of symbols used on the map is given in the index.地图上所使用的符号全部列在索引中。■digit / /ˈdɪdʒɪt/ / [countable] any of the ten numbers from 0 to 9（从0到9的任何一个）数字，数位◆The number 57306 contains five digits.数字57306是个五位数。◆ (NAmE) Inflation is now in single / double digits.通货膨胀率现在是一位数／两位数。ⓘ In British English use in single/double figures.在英式英语中用in single/double figures。NOTE辨析 Figure or digit?Figure is used to talk about amounts of money, but digit is usually used with 'number', when it means a series of figures to identify sth, not an amount. * figure用于指金钱的数额；digit通常与number一词连用，用于指识别事物的一串数字，而不是某个数量◆The deal has been signed for a seven-figure sum.这笔涉及七位数金额的交易已达成。◆She dialled the four-digit extension number.她拨了四位数的分机号。Either word can be used to talk about an increase, although digit is more common than figure in American English.这两个词均可用于表示增加，但在美式英语中digit较figure常用◆The company is currently experiencing double figure / digit growth.该公司目前正经历两位数的增长。Digit is used more often than figure in texts about the use of technology and numbers appearing on equipment such as radio alarm clocks, calculators, cash machines, etc.与figure相比，digit较常用于有关技术应用的文本里；此外，收音机闹钟、计算器、自动取款机之类的设备上所显示的数字的位数亦较常用digit表示。■character [countable] (ratherformalortechnical术语) a letter, sign, mark or symbol used in writing, printing or on computers（书写、印刷或计算机上的）文字，字母，符号◆This size of type produces a line 30 characters long.用这种字号，一行可长达30个字符。◆These are the Chinese characters meaning 'wind' and 'water'.这些汉字的意思是wind（风）和water（水）。■mark [countable] (used in compounds用于复合词) a written or printed sign that you use in order to write clearly, showing things such as where sentences end符号；记号◆punctuation marks标点符号◆a question / exclamation mark问号；感叹号■sign [countable] (used in compounds用于复合词) a mark used to represent sth, especially in mathematics（尤指数学）符号；记号◆a pound / dollar sign英镑／元的符号◆a plus / minus sign加号；减号NOTE辨析 Symbol or sign?Apart from being used to talk about the letters representing chemical elements, symbol usually refers to a shape or small picture with a fixed meaning. A sign is likely to be more simple, consisting of one or two lines, such as a dollar sign or an equals sign. The meaning of a symbol may be less well-known than the meaning of a sign. * symbol除了用以指代表化学元素的字母符号外，通常还指具有固定含义的形状或小图。sign可能更简单，由一两条线组成，如dollar sign（元的符号$）或equals sign（等号=）。一个symbol的含义可能不如一个sign的含义那样为人所熟知。
person
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ people1另见people条第1义person ♦︎ individual ♦︎ figure ♦︎ human ♦︎ human being ♦︎ mortal ♦︎ type ♦︎ character ♦︎ soul ♦︎ thingThese are all words for a man, woman or child.这些词均表示人、个人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / an average / normal / ordinary person / individual / human / human being / mortal◆a rational person / individual / human being◆an intelligent person / human / human being◆a sad person / individual / figure / character◆a brave / kind person / soul◆a mere human / mortal◆a / an key / powerful / independent person / individual / figure◆the person / individual concerned / responsible■person [countable] a man, woman or child; sb who is not identified人；某人◆What sort of person would do a thing like that?什么人会干出那样的事呢？◆He's a fascinating person.他是个魅力十足的人。◆What is she like as a person?她的人品怎么样？◆He's just the person we need for the job.他正是我们需要的适合这个工作的人。◆I had a letter from the people who used to live next door.我收到老邻居写来的一封信。◆I'm not really a city person(= I don't like cities).我不是一个很喜欢城市生活的人。◆The price is $40 per person.价格为每人40元。ⓘ The plural of person is usually people, but in formal language persons is often used. * person的复数形式通常是people，但是在正式用语中常用persons◆This vehicle is licensed to carry 4 persons.这部车限载4人。◆ (law法律) The verdict was murder by a person or persons unknown.裁定是一人或多人所为的谋杀，凶手身份不明。■individual [countable] a person considered separately rather than as part of a group个人◆The competition is open to both teams and individuals.团队或个人均可参加比赛。◆The teacher should treat each student as an individual.教师应对学生因材施教。◆Each course has to be tailored to the needs of the individual.每门课都要针对个别需求而量身订制。◆The school's reputation is being ruined by the bad behaviour of a few individuals.学校的声誉被少数几个人的恶劣行为破坏了。ⓘ An individual can also be a person of a particular type, especially a strange or unpleasant one. * individual还可指某一类型的人，尤指性格怪异或令人讨厌的一类◆This scruffy-looking individual wandered into the office.这个脏兮兮的人晃进了办公室。 see also individual ⇨ ownadj.■figure [countable] a person of the kind mentioned人物；人士◆He's a leading figure in the music industry.他是音乐界的领军人物。◆a cult / public / political figure偶像；公众／政治人物◆a figure of authority权威人士◆When she last saw him he was a sad figure－old and tired.她最后一次见到他时，他一副苍老而疲惫的落魄模样。 see also public figure ⇨ star1■human [countable] a person rather than an animal, a machine or, in science fiction, a creature from another planet人（相对于动物、机器或科幻小说中的外星生物）◆Dogs can hear much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏得多。◆More work is needed on the interface between humans and machines.人机界面方面需要做更多的工作。▸human
adjective
◆the human body / brain人体；人脑◆a terrible loss of human life人命的惨重损失◆Contact with other people is a basic human need.和他人接触是人的基本需要。■ˌhuman ˈbeing [countable] a human人（相对于动物、机器或科幻小说中的外星生物）◆That is no way to treat another human being.那绝不是对待他人的方式。◆He was just a normal human being with faults like the rest of us.他只是个普通人，会犯错误，像我们每个人一样。NOTE辨析 Human or human being?Human often refers to the biological characteristics of people compared with animals, machines or, in science fiction, with creatures from other planets. * human常指区别于动物、机器或科幻小说中外星生物的人的生物特征◆Pigs are biologically very similar to humans.从生物学角度讲，猪和人很相似。Human is also used to refer to different stages in the development of the human race. * human还指人类发展过程中的不同阶段◆early / primitive / modern humans早期的人；原始人；现代人Human being is often used when talking about a person's ability to think, feel and be social when compared with animals. * human being常用来谈论人区别于动物的思考、感觉和社交能力◆She was not behaving like a rational human being.她的行为不是一个理性的人该有的。■mortal [countable] (humorous) a person, especially an ordinary person with little power, influence or skill人；凡人；普通人◆She can deal with complicated numbers in her head, but we lesser mortals need calculators!她可以心算复杂的数字，可我们这些常人得用计算器！■type [singular] (informal) a person of a particular character, with qualities or features具有某种特征的人；典型◆She hangs around with all those artistic types.她跟那些搞艺术的人泡在一块。◆He's not the type to be unfaithful.他不是那种花心的人。◆She's not my type(= not the kind of person I am usually attracted to).她不是我喜欢的类型。■character [countable] (usually used with an adjective通常与形容词连用) (ratherinformal) a person, especially a strange or unpleasant one or sb with a strong personality（尤指性格古怪、令人讨厌或有个性的）人◆There were some really strange characters hanging around the bar.酒吧附近有一些不三不四的人在游荡。◆She's a reformed character nowadays.如今她已改过自新了。◆She's quite a character!她绝对与众不同！ⓘ Character can describe a person who seems strange or unpleasant * character可指古怪或讨厌的人◆a / an unsavoury / undesirable / suspicious / shady character讨厌／不得人心／多疑／可疑的人or a person who did bad things in the past but who has changed也可指改过自新的人◆a reformed character回头的浪子or simply a person with a strong personality.或指性格特征明显的人◆a tough / determined / shrewd character严厉／果敢／精明的人■soul [countable] a person of a particular type; (especially in negative sentences) a person某种人；（尤用于否定句）人◆It means bad news for some poor soul(= an unlucky person that you feel sympathy for).对某些可怜人来说，这是坏消息。◆A few brave souls queued all night to get tickets for centre court.几个勇气十足的人排了一夜队，买到了进入中心球场的票。◆There wasn't another soul in sight(= no one around).连个人影都不见。ⓘ Soul is mainly used in a few fixed phrases, especially in negative sentences. * soul主要用于构成几个固定短语，尤用于否定句◆There was not a soul about / in sight / to be seen.连个人影都不见。◆I won't tell a soul.我不会告诉任何人。◆She's completely exhausted, poor soul!可怜她已累得精疲力竭了！Otherwise, it is becoming old-fashioned or is used only in literary contexts.除此之外的用法都已过时，或仅用于文学语境。■thing [countable] (used with an adjective与形容词连用) (spoken) used to talk to or about a person or animal, to show how you feel about them（指人或动物，带感情色彩）人，家伙，东西◆You silly thing!你这个蠢货！◆You must be starving, you poor things.你们一定饿坏了，可怜的家伙！◆The cat's very ill, poor old thing!这猫病得很厉害，真可怜！
shape
noun
shape ♦︎ figure ♦︎ form ♦︎ shadow ♦︎ outline ♦︎ profile ♦︎ silhouette ♦︎ line ♦︎ contourThese are all words for the physical form or appearance of sb/sth, especially the shape of the outer edges of sb/sth.这些词均表示人或物体的体形、外形、轮廓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in shape / form / outline / profile / silhouette◆a tall shape / figure / form / shadow / silhouette◆a slender shape / figure / form◆a black / dark shape / figure / shadow / outline / profile / silhouette◆a shadowy shape / figure / form / outline◆a ghostly shape / figure / form / shadow◆(a) sleek shape / outline / profile / lines◆(a) sharp outline / lines / contours◆to make out / see a shape / a figure / a form / an outline / a silhouette◆to trace a shape / an outline / the line / the contours■shape [countable, uncountable] the form of the outer edges or surfaces of sth; an example of sth that has a particular form; a person or thing that is difficult to see clearly形状；外形；呈某种形状的事物；模糊的影子◆The building has a rectangular shape.这座建筑呈长方形。◆The pool was in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。◆The island was originally circular in shape.这个岛原先为圆形。◆Candles come in all shapes and sizes.蜡烛有各种形状和尺寸。◆You can recognize the fish by the shape of their fins.你可以根据鳍的形状来辨认这种鱼。◆This old T-shirt has completely lost its shape.这件旧T恤衫已经穿得完全走样了。■figure [countable] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly（远处的人的）轮廓；（隐约可见的）人影◆There before him stood a tall figure in black.站在他面前的是一个穿黑衣的高个子。 see also figure ⇨ body1■form [countable] the shape of sb/sth; a person or thing of which only the shape can be seen形状；体形；（模糊的）外形，人影◆Her slender form and graceful movements entranced him.她那苗条的身段和优雅的动作使他着迷。◆The human form has changed little over the last 30 000 years.3万多年以来，人的体形没有多大变化。◆They made out a shadowy form in front of them.他们隐约看见前面有个模糊人影。 see also form ⇨ formnoun1■shadow [countable] a dark shape that sb/sth's form makes on a surface, for example on the ground, when they are between the light and the surface阴影；影子◆The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows.孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，玩得很开心。◆The ship's sail cast a shadow on the water.船帆在水面上投下一片影子。◆The shadows lengthened as the sun went down.随着太阳西下，影子越拉越长。 see also shadow ⇨ darkness■outline / /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ / [countable] the line that goes around the edge of sth, showing its main shape but not the details轮廓（线）◆At last we could see the dim outline of an island.我们终于能看到一座小岛朦胧的轮廓了。 see also outline ⇨ summary■profile / /ˈprəʊfaɪl; NAmEˈproʊfaɪl/ [countable] the outline of a person's face when you look from the side, not the front面部的侧影；侧面轮廓◆He turned his head so his strong profile was facing the camera.他转过头去，于是他那轮廓清晰的侧影就正对着镜头了。◆The portrait shows her in profile.这幅画像展现了她的侧面轮廓。■silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/ / [countable, uncountable] the dark outline or shape of a person or object that you see against a light background; the shape of a person's body or an object（浅色背景衬托出的）暗色轮廓；（人的）体形；（物体的）形状◆The trees were black silhouettes against the pale sky.灰色天空映衬出树木的黑色轮廓。◆The mountains stood out in silhouette.群山的轮廓衬托了出来。◆The dress is fitted to give you a flattering silhouette.这件连衣裙的裁剪可以令你显得身段优美。■line [countable] the edge, outline or shape of sth, especially sth that has been designed or created（尤指设计或创造出的物体的）边线，轮廓线，形体，形状◆With its sleek lines and powerful engine, the XK8 is the definition of a luxury sports car.XK8跑车线条流畅、动力强劲，堪称豪华跑车之典范。◆He traced the line of her jaw with his finger.他用手指抚摸她下巴的外缘。■contour /ˈkɒntʊə(r); NAmEˈkɑːntʊr/ [countable] (written) the outer edges of sth; the outline of its shape or form外形；轮廓◆The road follows the natural contours of the coastline.这条路沿着海岸线的自然轮廓延伸。
calculate
verb
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ count and ⇨ estimateverb另见count条和estimate动词词条calculate ♦︎ work sth out ♦︎ compute ♦︎ quantify ♦︎ figure sth out ♦︎ figure ♦︎ put a figure on sthThese words all mean to use numbers to find or express a total.这些词均表示计算总数。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to calculate / compute / figure sth at 400, $1 000, 25%, etc.◆to calculate / work out / compute / quantify / figure out / figure / put a figure on how much / how many ...◆to calculate / work out / figure out / figure that ...◆to calculate / work out / compute / quantify / figure out / figure / put a figure on the cost / number / amount (of sth)◆to calculate / work out / compute a total◆to calculate sth / work sth out / quantify sth / figure sth out exactly■calculate [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal) to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, size, distance or level计算；算出◆Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container.用公式计算容器的容积。◆The sum involved was calculated at $82 million.经计算，相关费用总额为8 200万元。◆It has been calculated that at least 47 000 jobs were lost last year.据估算，去年至少流失了47 000份工作。 see also calculate ⇨ estimateverb, calculation ⇨ estimatenoun■ˌwork sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to calculate sth计算；算出◆I just need a minute to work out the answer.我只需一会儿就能算出答案。◆I can't work this out－have you got a calculator?我算不出来，你有计算器吗？◆You'll need to work out how much time the assignment will take.你需要算出完成这项任务需要多长时间。■compute / /kəmˈpjuːt/ / [transitive] (formal) to calculate sth计算◆The losses were computed at £5 million.损失经计算为500万英镑。NOTE辨析 Calculate, work sth out or compute?Calculate is the most frequent of these words in written English, but work sth out is the most frequent in spoken English. It is used especially to describe small, quick calculations done by people. Compute is used in formal, written English, especially to describe calculations done by a machine.在这些词中，calculate最常用于书面语，work sth out则最常用于口语，且尤指人工进行的小型、快速的计算。compute用于正式的书面语，尤指机器进行的计算。■quantify /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ; NAmEˈkwɑːntɪfaɪ/ [transitive] (ratherformal) to describe or express sth as an amount or number以数量表述；量化◆The risks to health are impossible to quantify.对健康的风险是无法用数量表示的。■ˌfigure sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(informal) to calculate an amount or the cost of sth计算（数量或成本）◆Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?你算出旅行要花多少钱了吗？■figure [transitive] (NAmE) to calculate an amount or the cost of sth计算（数量或成本）◆We figured the attendance at 150 000.我们估计有15万人参加。 see also figure ⇨ estimateverbNOTE辨析 Figure sth out or figure?Figure is only used in American English; figure sth out is used in both British and American English. However, it cannot be used with at to give a total. * figure只用于美式英语；figure sth out在美式和英式英语中均可使用。但在给出总数时，不能用figure sth out at◆We figured out the attendence at 150 000.■put a figure on sth
idiom
(usually used in questions and negative statements通常用于疑问句和否定陈述) to say the exact price or number of sth给出⋯的定价；说出⋯的准确数字◆It's impossible to put a figure on the number of homeless people in the country.无法确定该国无家可归者的人数。
conclude
verb
conclude ♦︎ understand ♦︎ figure ♦︎ infer ♦︎ deduce ♦︎ gather ♦︎ reason ♦︎ read sth into sthThese words all mean to decide or believe sth according to the evidence or information that you have.这些词均表示根据已有证据或信息认定、推断、推论。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather / reason from sth◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather sth about sth◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather / reason that...◆to figure / deduce what / how / who / why...◆It is concluded / understood / inferred / deduced / reasoned that...◆It can be concluded / inferred / deduced that...■conclude [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to decide or believe sth on the basis of the information that you have断定；推断出；得出结论◆What do you conclude from that?你从中得出什么结论？◆The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.这份报告认为最省钱的做法是关闭实验室。■understand(understood, understood) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is得知；据信；认为◆Am I to understand that you refuse?你的意思是你拒绝了？◆The prime minister is understood to have been extremely angry about the report.据说首相对这份报告大为恼火。 see also understanding ⇨ definition■figure [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherinformal) to think or decide that sth will happen or is true认为，认定（某事将发生或属实）◆I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.我认为，如果我坐夜班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。◆There was only one thing to do, he figured.他认为只有一件事可以做。■infer / /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ / (-rr-) [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses通常不用于进行时) to form an opinion or decide that sth is true using evidence and reasoning, not statements of fact推断；推论；推理◆Much of the meaning can be inferred from the context.大部分含义可以从上下文中推断。◆It is reasonable to infer that the government knew all about this.有理由推想政府对所有这一切是知情的。■deduce /dɪˈdjuːs; NAmEdɪˈduːs/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to find out a fact or the answer to a question using evidence and reasoning推论；推断；演绎◆We can deduce a lot from what people spend their money on.我们可以从人们把钱花在什么地方推断出许多事情。NOTE辨析 Infer or deduce?In many cases, you can use either of these words, but there can be a slight difference in meaning: sth that you infer is probably true, considering the evidence available; sth that you deduce logically has to be true, considering the facts.在许多情况下这两个词可通用，但意思略有不同：infer是根据现有证据推断某事可能属实；deduce是根据事实从逻辑上推断某事必然如此。■gather [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is得知；据信；认为◆I gather you wanted to see me.我猜你想见我。◆'There's been a delay.' 'So I gather.'“已经耽搁了。”“我也这么认为。”◆As far as I can gather, he got involved in a fight.据我了解，他卷入了一场斗争。◆From what they could gather, there had been some kind of problem back at the base.从他们了解的情况看，事情的根源出了点问题。NOTE辨析 Understand or gather?Both of these words are often used in spoken English, but understand is more formal than gather. Gather can suggest greater activity than understand: what you understand is what you have been told, usually without asking; what you gather is either what you have been told, or what you have found out by asking people. Gather, but notunderstand, is often used with can/could.这两个词均常用于口语，但understand比gather正式。相比understand，gather意味着付出更多的努力才得知信息：understand表示所知悉的情况是别人告知的，通常不用主动询问；gather表示所知悉的情况可能是别人告知的，也可能是主动打听到的。gather，而非understand，常和can/could连用◆As far as I can understand...◆From what they could understand...■reason [transitive, intransitive] to form a judgement about sth by considering the facts and using your power to think in a logical way推理；推论；推断◆They reasoned, correctly, that the enemy would not attempt an attack at night.他们作出了正确推断，敌人不会企图发动夜袭。 see also reason ⇨ reasonnoun, reasoned ⇨ rational, reasoning ⇨ reasoning■ˌread sth ˈinto sth
phrasal verb
(read, read)to conclude that sth has a particular meaning, especially when you think it means more than it really does过度解读；对⋯作过多理解◆Yes, he's going over to talk to her, but don't read too much into it.是的，他要过去和她谈谈，但不要想太多。
estimate
verb
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ calculate and ⇨ count另见calculate条和count条estimate ♦︎ guess ♦︎ judge ♦︎ reckon ♦︎ calculate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ figure ♦︎ extrapolateThese words all mean to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth but without calculating it exactly.这些词均表示估计、估算。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / extrapolate sth from sth◆to estimate / reckon / calculate sth at sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / figure / extrapolate that...◆to estimate / guess / judge / figure / calculate / gauge how much / how many / how far, etc.◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / figure sth to be sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / calculate / gauge the amount / value / size / distance◆to estimate / guess / calculate sb / sth's age◆to estimate / judge / gauge the depth■estimate [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal) to form an idea of the likely cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating it exactly估计；估算◆Police estimated the size of the crowd at 50 000.警方估计人群约有5万人。◆Estimate the time it will take to complete each section.估算一下完成每一部分需要的时间。◆The satellite will cost an estimated $500m.估计这颗卫星将耗资5亿元。◆It is estimated that the project will last about four years.据估计，这项工程将历时四年。 see also estimate ⇨ valuationnoun■guess [transitive] to find the right answer to a question or the truth about sth without knowing all the facts猜对；猜中；猜到◆She guessed the answer straight away.她一下子就猜中了答案。◆I guessed, rightly, that the keys would be under the doormat.我猜对了，钥匙在门垫下面。◆You'll never guess where they've gone.你绝对猜不到他们去哪儿了。 see also guess ⇨ speculationnoun■judge [transitive] to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactly估计，猜测（大小、数量等）◆Young children are unable to judge the speed of traffic.小孩子不懂得估算车辆的速度。◆I judged him to be about 50.我估计他约莫50岁左右。NOTE辨析 Estimate or judge?Estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs, which you would have to calculate to know exactly. Judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds, which you would have to measure to know exactly. People often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculated exactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have. People often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully about all the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide. * estimate尤指对须计算才能得到准确数值的事物进行估算，如cost（成本）。judge多与distance、depth、speed搭配，指对需要测量才能得出具体数据的距离、深度、速度等方面进行判定。estimate常指根据已有信息，对所需的费用和时间等不能确切计算的概念进行仔细评估。judge常指凭借经验迅速对距离和速度作出判断，而不是对所有的信息仔细考量后再作出判定。■reckon [transitive, often passive] to estimate an amount or time approximately估算；估计◆The age of the earth is reckoned to be about 4 600 million years.估计地球的年龄大约为46亿年。◆They reckon (that) their profits were down by 30%.他们估计利润减少了30%。◆The trip was reckoned to take over two days.这次旅行估计要花两天多。ⓘ An amount or time that is reckoned may be more approximate than one that has been estimated. * reckon对时间的估算要比estimate更准确。■calculate [transitive] to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available预测；推测◆It's impossible to calculate the extent of his influence on her.无法估计他对她的影响有多大。◆Environmentalists calculate that hundreds of plant species may be affected.环保主义者预测数百种植物可能受到影响。 see also calculate ⇨ calculate■gauge (NAmE alsogage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to estimate the level or amount of sth approximately估计，估算（水平或数量）◆We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.我们可以根据树的摆动估算风力强度。 see also gauge ⇨ criterionnoun■figure [transitive] (especially NAmE, ratherinformal) to estimate the amount, cost or age of sb/sth, especially approximately估计，估算（数量、成本或年龄）◆If we can figure roughly how much it will cost, we can decide what to do.如果我们能大致估算出费用是多少，就能决定怎么走下一步了。ⓘ In American English figure can also be used to talk about calculating sth exactly.在美式英语中，figure还可表示准确计算。 see also figure ⇨ calculate■extrapolate / /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one推断；推知；推算◆The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.这些数据是根据过去的趋势推断出来的。◆These results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups.这些结果不能够推及到其他患者群。▸extrapolation
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Their age can be determined by extrapolation from their growth rate.它们的年龄可以从它们的生长速度来推定。
feature
verb
feature ♦︎ star ♦︎ figure ♦︎ appearThese words all mean to have an important part in sth, or to include sb/sth as an important part.这些词均表示起重要作用、是重要组成部分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to feature / star / figure / appear in sth◆to feature / star / figure / appear as sb / sth◆a film / movie features / stars sb◆to feature / star / appear in a film / movie◆to feature / figure / appear prominently in sth■feature [transitive, intransitive] to include a particular person or thing as a special part; to have an important part in sth以⋯为特色；由⋯主演；起重要作用◆The film features Anne Hathaway as Jane Austen.这部电影由安妮•海瑟薇饰演简•奥斯丁。◆The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm.最新车型的特色是合金车轮和电子报警器。◆Many of the hotels featured in the brochure offer special deals for weekend breaks.小册子列举的多家旅馆都有周末假日特别优惠。◆Olive oil and garlic feature prominently in his recipes.橄榄油和大蒜在他的食谱中是相当重要的材料。■star(-rr-) [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to have one of the main parts in a film, play or show; (of a film, play or show) to have a particular person in one of the main parts主演；担任主角；（电影、戏剧或演出）由⋯担任主角◆She starred opposite Johnny Depp in 'Pirates of the Caribbean'.她和约翰尼•德普在《加勒比海盗》中联袂出演男女主角。◆No one has yet been chosen for the starring role(= the main part).主演者还没选定。◆The movie stars Aishwarya Rai.这部电影由艾西瓦娅•雷主演。 see also star ⇨ starnoun2■figure [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to be part of a process or situation, especially an important part是重要部分；是⋯的部分◆The question of the peace settlement is likely to figure prominently in the talks.和平协议的问题很可能是谈判的突出重点。◆It did not figure high on her list of priorities.这没有列入她优先考虑的事项。◆Do I still figure in your plans?你的计划中还包括我吗？■appear [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to take part in a film, play or show; to be written or mentioned somewhere演出；被记载；被提及◆He has appeared in over 60 movies.他参演了60多部电影。◆She regularly appears on TV.她经常在电视上露面。◆Your name will appear at the front of the book.你的名字将出现在书的前页。