file noun ⇨document (confidential files)⇨envelope (a box file)⇨row (in single file)file verb ⇨classify (filed alphabetically)⇨present3 (file a lawsuit)
document
noun
document ♦︎ file ♦︎ papers ♦︎ archive ♦︎ deed ♦︎ paperwork ♦︎ dossierThese are all types of written paper containing information or records.这些词均表示文件、文案、文档。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a document / a file / the paperwork / a dossier on sb / sth◆in a document / a file / the archives / the paperwork / a dossier◆the relevant document / file / papers / paperwork◆the necessary documents / papers / paperwork◆(an) important document / papers / archive◆confidential documents / files / papers◆(a) personal / secret documents / file / papers / archive / dossier◆(a / an) official / government / state document / file / paper / archive◆to prepare a document / a file / the paperwork / a dossier◆to draw up a document / papers / the paperwork◆to release a document / a file / papers◆to keep a document / a file / papers / an archive / the deeds / the paperwork / a dossier◆to leak a document / a file / papers◆to read (through) a document / a file / the papers / the paperwork / a dossier◆to study a document / papers / a dossier■document [countable] an official paper or book that gives information about sth or that gives evidence or proof of sth; a computer file that contains text and that has a name that identifies it文件；证件；（计算机）文档◆Keep all your travel documents in a safe place.请妥善保管您的所有旅行证件。◆This is an important legal document.这是一份重要的法律文件。◆They have produced a new policy document.他们制订了一份新的政策文件。◆The committee presented a discussion document(= to be discussed) at yesterday's meeting.昨天的会议上，委员会提交了一份讨论文件。◆Save the document before closing.关闭文档之前要先存盘。 see also documentation ⇨ certificate■file [countable] a collection of documents and the information they contain, for example about a particular person or subject; a collection of information stored together in a computer, under a particular name档案；（计算机）文件◆The police were accused of keeping secret files on political activists.警方被指控存有政治活动人士的秘密档案。◆Please add this document to your files.请把这份文件归入你的档案。◆Exactly what information is kept in these files?这些档案里到底是什么内容？◆Your application will be kept on file.你的申请书将存档。◆Every file on the same disk must have a different name.同一磁盘里各个文件都必须有不同的文件名。 see also file ⇨ envelope, file ⇨ classify■papers [plural] pieces of paper with writing on them such as letters, pieces of work or private documents文件；文献◆His desk was covered with books and papers.他的办公桌上全是书和文件。◆I was sorting through his papers when I came upon a letter from my mother.我在整理他的文件时偶然发现一封我妈妈的来信。ⓘ Papers can also be official documents that give you permission to do sth or prove your identity. * papers也可指官方证明或证件。 see also papers ⇨ certificate■archive /ˈɑːkaɪv; NAmEˈɑːrkaɪv/ [countable] ( archives [plural]) a collection of historical documents or records of a government, family, place or organization档案；档案库◆These papers are an important part of the national archive.这些文件是国家档案馆的一个重要组成部分。◆The data is now held in the company archives.这份资料现在保存在公司的档案室里。◆The recording is preserved in the BBC's sound archive.该录音保存在英国广播公司的音响档案库中。◆It is one of the most important film archives in the world.这是世界上最重要的胶片档案之一。■deed [countable] (often plural in British English英式英语中常作复数) a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house, a building or land（尤指房地产）契约，证书◆The deeds to the property are with my lawyer.这份房地产的契约在我的律师那里。◆Who currently keeps the title deed(= a deed showing who owns sth)?那份所有权凭证目前在谁手里？■paperwork /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk; NAmEˈpeɪpərwɜːrk/ [uncountable] all the documents that you need for sth, for example a court case or buying a house（诉讼案件、购置房产等所需的）全部文件，全部资料◆We can get the necessary paperwork signed tomorrow.明天我们就可以完成相关文件的签署手续了。 see also paperwork ⇨ bureaucracy■dossier /ˈdɒsieɪ; NAmEˈdɔːsieɪ, ˈdɑːsieɪ/ [countable] (formal) a collection of documents that contain information about a person, event or subject材料汇编；卷宗；档案◆They kept dossiers on all trade union members.他们保存着所有工会会员的档案。◆The group compiled a dossier of patients' complaints.该团体将病人的投诉汇编成册。
envelope
noun
envelope ♦︎ file ♦︎ folder ♦︎ binder ♦︎ clipboard ♦︎ portfolioThese words all mean a flat container or cover for holding sheets of paper.这些词均表示信封、文件夹、活页夹等。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in an envelope / a file / a folder / a binder / a portfolio◆a plastic envelope / folder / binder / clipboard / portfolio◆to open an envelope / a file / a folder / a binder◆an envelope / a file / a folder / a binder / a portfolio containing sth■envelope [countable] a flat paper container used for sending letters in; a flat container made of plastic for keeping papers in信封；塑料封套◆The envelope was addressed in my mother's round handwriting.信封上所写的姓名地址是我母亲那浑圆的笔迹。◆Each item was tagged and sealed in a plastic envelope.每件物品都贴了标签，封进了塑料封套。■file [countable] a box or folded piece of card, often with a wire or metal rod, used to store papers, letters and other documents in an ordered way, especially in an office文件夹；卷宗◆A stack of files awaited me on my desk.我桌上有一堆文件等我处理。◆ (BrE) a lever arch / box file文件夹；文件箱◆ (NAmE) a file folder文件夹 see also file ⇨ documentnoun, file ⇨ classifyverb■folder / /ˈfəʊldə(r); NAmEˈfoʊldər/ [countable] a cover for holding loose papers together, especially one made out of a piece of plastic or cardboard that is folded around the paper文件夹；纸夹◆There were two new buff folders on my desk.我桌上有两个崭新的浅褐色文件夹。■binder /ˈbaɪndə(r)/ / [countable] a hard cover that keeps sheets of paper or magazines together by holding them along one edge活页夹◆Subscribe today and get a free binder with your first issue.现在订阅，第一期能免费得到一个活页夹。◆a ring binder穿孔活页夹NOTE辨析 Folder or binder?Folder has a wider range of meaning than binder. A binder usually holds pieces of paper together as if they were pages in a book. Some kinds of folder can also be called binders, especially if they have a way of holding paper in place. * folder的含义比binder宽泛。binder通常指多张单页装订成册。某些样式的folder也可称作binder，尤其是当单页可固定在一起时。■clipboard /ˈklɪpbɔːd; NAmEˈklɪpbɔːrd/ [countable] a small board with a clip at the top for holding papers, used by sb who wants to write while standing or moving around写字夹板；带夹写字板◆Add your name to the list on the clipboard.把你的名字添加到写字板上的名单里。■portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊliəʊ; NAmEpɔːrtˈfoʊlioʊ/ (pluralportfolios) [countable] a large thin flat case used for carrying and protecting drawings, photographs or documents文件夹；公事包◆Under his arm he carried a large portfolio of drawings.他腋下夹着一大夹子的画。
row / /rəʊ; NAmEroʊ/
noun
row ♦︎ line ♦︎ queue ♦︎ rank ♦︎ cordon ♦︎ file ♦︎ columnThese are all words for a number of people or things all standing next to each other or one behind the other.这些词均表示一排、一列、一行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a row / line / queue / rank / file / column of sb / sth◆in a row / (a) line / a queue / file / a column◆a row / line / queue of people◆a line / queue of traffic◆(an) orderly row / line / queue / ranks◆to form a line / queue / cordon◆to join a line / queue◆a line / queue / cordon forms■row [countable] a number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line; a number of objects arranged in a line; a line of seats in a theatre, cinema, etc.一排；一列；一行；（剧院、电影院等的）一排座位◆a row of children / houses / trees一排儿童／房屋／树木◆We sat in a row at the back of the room.我们在屋子的后面坐成一排。◆The vegetables were planted in neat rows.蔬菜种得整整齐齐。◆Let's sit in the back row.我们坐在最后一排吧。◆Our seats are five rows from the front.我们的座位在前面第五排。■line [countable] a row of people or things next to each other or behind each other排；行；列◆The children all stood in a line.孩子们全都站成一排。◆They were stuck in a line of traffic.他们塞在汽车长龙里面了。◆We had to stand / wait in line for hours to get tickets.我们必须站队／排队等候数小时才能买到票。◆A line formed at each teller window.银行每个出纳员的窗口前都排起了队。▸ˌline ˈup, ˌline sb/sth ˈup
phrasal verb
◆Line up, children!孩子们，列队排好！◆The suspects were lined up against the wall.这些嫌疑人靠墙站成一排。NOTE辨析 Row or line?People or things that are in a row are next to each other from side to side; people or things that are in a line can be next to each other from side to side, but are more often one behind the other from front to back. A row is often more permanent than a line. * row指人或事物横着排成一排，line可指人或事物横着排成一排，但更常指竖着排成一列。row常指比line更持久的排列◆a row of houses / shops / buildings一排房屋／店铺／建筑People or vehicles in a row are not moving or waiting for anything; people or vehicles in a line usually are. * row可指人或车辆排成一列没有移动或在等待，line则可指人或车辆虽排成一行，但通常是移动中的◆a row of parked cars一行停着的汽车◆There was a line of traffic waiting at the lights.一队车辆在等交通信号灯。■queue /kjuː/ / [countable] (BrE) a line of people, cars, etc. waiting for sth or to do sth（人、汽车等的）队，行列◆I had to join a queue for the toilets.我只得排队等着上厕所。◆There was a queue of traffic waiting to turn right.有一队车辆等着右转弯。▸queue
verb
[intransitive] ◆ (BrE) We had to queue up for an hour for the tickets.我们只得排一个小时的队买票。◆Queue here for taxis.等出租车在这里排队。NOTE辨析 Line or queue?If you are waiting for sth, the usual word in British English is queue; in American English use line. To line up is to form a line; to be in a line, waiting for sth is to stand/wait in line in American English, or to queue or queue up in British English.等候的队列在英式英语中常用queue，在美式英语中用line。line up指排成一队。排队等候在美式英语中用stand/wait in line，在英式英语中用queue或queue up。■rank [countable, usually plural] a row of soldiers or police standing next to each other; a row of people or things（士兵或警察的）队列，行列；排；行；列◆They watched as ranks of marching infantry passed the window.他们看着步兵列队从窗前走过。◆They fired at random into the enemy ranks.他们向敌人的队列随意开火。◆massed ranks of spectators聚集起来的旁观者的行列◆There were ranks of trestle tables piled high with food.一排排搁板桌上食物堆得高高的。■cordon /ˈkɔːdn; NAmEˈkɔːrdn/ [countable] a line or ring of police officers, soldiers, etc. guarding sth or stopping people from entering or leaving a place（由警察、士兵等组成的）警戒线，封锁线◆Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon.示威群众试图冲破警察的封锁线。 see also cordon sth off ⇨ separateverb2■file [countable] a line of people or things, one behind the other一路纵队◆They made their way in single file along the cliff path.他们一个接着一个沿悬崖上的小径前进。ⓘ In this meaning file is most often used in the phrase in single file.表达此义时，file最常用于短语in single file。▸file
verb
[intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) ◆The doors of the museum opened and the visitors began to file in.博物馆开门了，参观者鱼贯而入。■column [countable] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) a long, moving line of people or vehicles（人或车辆排队移动的）长列，纵队◆a long column of troops and tanks部队和坦克的长列纵队
classify
verb
classify ♦︎ file ♦︎ sort ♦︎ categorize ♦︎ class ♦︎ group ♦︎ bracketThese words all mean to arrange people or things into groups because they are similar.这些词均表示分类、归类。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to classify / sort / categorize / group sb / sth according to sth◆to classify / file / categorize / class / group / bracket sb / sth as sth◆to classify / file / sort / categorize / class / group sb / sth under sth◆to classify / categorize / class / group / bracket sb / sth with sth◆to classify / sort / categorize / group sb / sth into sth◆to classify / sort / categorize / group sb / sth by sth◆to classify / file / class sth alongside sth◆to classify / file / class / group / bracket sb / sth together■classify / /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ / [transitive] to arrange things in groups according to features that they have in common; to decide which group sb/sth belongs to将⋯分类；划分；归入◆The books in the library are classified according to subject.图书馆的书按学科分类。◆Soils can be classified under two main headings.土壤可以分为两大类。◆The study recorded and classified accidents over a period of a year.这项研究对一年中的事故进行了记录和分类。◆Eleven accidents were classified as major.有十一起事故被列为重大事故。 see also classification ⇨ category■file [transitive] to put and keep things such as documents in a particular place and in a particular order so that you can find them easily; to put a document into a file把（文件等）归档◆The forms should be filed alphabetically.这些表格应该按字母顺序归档。◆Wynne-Jones should be filed under 'W'.温-琼斯应当归到字母W下。◆The report was filed away in the archives.那份报告归档了。 see also file ⇨ document, file ⇨ envelope■sort [transitive] to arrange things in groups or in a particular order according to their type; to separate things according to their type整理；把⋯分类◆The mail is sorted automatically.信件自动分拣。◆The documents were sorted by age and type.那些文件根据年代和类型分了类。◆Waste is sorted for recycling.对垃圾进行分类作回收利用。 see also sort ⇨ kindnoun■categorize / /ˈkætəgəraɪz/ / (categorise) [transitive] to decide what type people or things are and put them in a group with others of the same type将⋯分类；将⋯归类◆Her latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography.她的新作既不属于小说，也不属于自传。◆Some types of investment risk are difficult to categorize.某些投资风险类型难以归类。 see also category ⇨ category■class [transitive, often passive] to think or decide that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing把⋯看作；把⋯分类；把⋯归类◆Prisoners classed as illiterate were given a basic education.为不识字的囚犯提供基础教育。◆I wouldn't have classed you as a Shakespeare fan.我本不该把你归为莎士比亚迷。 see also class ⇨ categorynoun■group [transitive] to arrange people or things into groups according to features that they share, to make it easier to deal with them将⋯分类；把⋯分组◆Topics for the second year can be grouped under three headings.第二年的科目可以分为三类。■bracket [transitive, often passive] to consider people or things to be similar or connected in some way把⋯等同考虑；把⋯相提并论◆The two writers are often bracketed together by critics.评论界经常将这两位作家相提并论。 see also bracket ⇨ categorynoun
present3
verb
present a new product推出新产品present sth as a victory把某事描述成胜利present a report提交报告present a TV show主持电视节目present ♦︎ submit ♦︎ file ♦︎ hand sth in ♦︎ lodge ♦︎ table ♦︎ send sth in ♦︎ register ♦︎ put sth inThese words all mean to offer sth for other people to consider or deal with.这些词均表示提出、提交。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to present / submit / hand sth in / send in / put in sth to sb◆to present / submit / file / lodge / send in / register / put in an application◆to present / submit / file / lodge / register / put in a claim / complaint◆to present / submit / file / lodge an appeal◆to submit / file / lodge / register a / an objection / protest◆to present / submit / put in a proposal / request◆to present / submit / table a bill / motion / resolution◆to present / register / send in your views◆to present / submit / file / send in a report◆to formally present / submit / file / table / register sth■present [transitive] to offer sth for other people to consider提出；提交◆Eight options were presented for consideration.已提出八种备选方案供审议。◆Are you presenting a paper at the conference?你要在大会上宣读论文吗？◆He presents a convincing case.他展示了一个有说服力的案例。▸presentation
noun
[uncountable] ◆The trial was adjourned following the presentation of new evidence to the court.新证据呈给法庭后，审讯就宣告暂停。■submit / /səbˈmɪt/ / (-tt-) [transitive] (ratherformal) to give a document or proposal to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it提交，呈递（文件或建议）◆They have submitted an application for planning permission to build an extension.他们已经提交了扩建申请。◆Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.完成的方案必须在3月10号前提交。▸submission / /səbˈmɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆When is the date for the submission of proposals?哪一天要提交建议书？■file [transitive, intransitive] to submit a legal document, claim or charge so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with; (of a journalist) to send a report or story to a newspaper or news organization提交（法律文件）；提出（索赔申请）；提起（诉讼）；（记者）发送（报道给报社）◆He filed a lawsuit against the company for $100 000 in damages.他向这家公司提起诉讼，要求赔偿10万元的损害赔偿金。◆She decided to file for divorce.她决定提出离婚申请。◆More than one correspondent filed a story describing the spectacle of a cruise missile travelling up the street.不止一个新闻记者撰写报道描述巡航导弹穿越街头的壮观场面。ⓘ You can also file a suit, a claim, a petition, an appeal, an application, charges or for bankruptcy.与file搭配的词还有suit、claim、petition、appeal、application、charge或for bankruptcy。■ˌhand sth ˈin
phrasal verb
to give sth to a person in authority, especially a piece of work or sth that is lost提交，呈交，上交（尤指书面材料或失物）◆You must hand in this homework by the end of the week.这份作业必须在周末前上交。◆I handed the watch in to the police.我把那块表交给了警察。◆I advise you to hand in your notice(= formally tell your employer that you want to stop working for them).我建议你递交辞呈。■lodge [transitive] (formal) to make a formal statement about sth to a public organization or authority（向公共机构或当局）正式提出（声明）◆They lodged a compensation claim against the factory.他们向工厂提出了赔偿要求。◆Portugal has lodged a complaint with the International Court of Justice.葡萄牙已经向国际法院提出申诉。ⓘ You can also lodge an appeal, an application, an objection or a protest. * lodge还可以与appeal、application、objection或protest搭配。■table [transitive] (BrE) to present sth formally for discussion把⋯提交讨论◆They have tabled a motion for debate at the next Party Conference.他们已经提出一项动议，在下次党大会上进行辩论。ⓘ You can also table an amendment, a motion, a question or a resolution. * table还可以与amendment、motion、question或resolution搭配。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ propose另见propose条■ˌsend sth ˈin
phrasal verb
(sent, sent)to send sth by post to a place where it will be dealt with寄去（处理）◆Have you sent in your application yet?你的申请书寄出去了吗？■register [transitive] (formal) to make your opinion known officially or publicly（正式地或公开地）发表意见，提出主张◆China has registered a protest over foreign intervention.中国对外国干涉正式提出了抗议。ⓘ You can also register your view, opinion, disapproval or a complaint. When you register your opinion, you are usually making your disapproval of sth known. * register还可以与view、opinion、disapproval或complaint搭配。register通常指公开表态反对某事。■ˌput sth ˈin
phrasal verb
(putting, put, put)to officially make a claim or request正式提出（索赔或要求）◆The company has put in a claim for damages.这家公司已经提出赔偿损失的要求。ⓘ You can also put in a bid, an offer, a request or a proposal. * put in还可以与bid、offer、request或proposal搭配。