| 例句 |
gauge verb
⇨ estimate (gauge the distance) ⇨ judge 1 (gauge sb's mood)gauge noun
⇨ criterion estimate verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ calculate and ⇨ count 另见calculate条和count条estimate ♦︎ guess ♦︎ judge ♦︎ reckon ♦︎ calculate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ figure ♦︎ extrapolateThese words all mean to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth but without calculating it exactly. 这些词均表示估计、估算。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / extrapolate sth from sth◆to estimate / reckon / calculate sth at sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / figure / extrapolate that...◆to estimate / guess / judge / figure / calculate / gauge how much / how many / how far, etc.◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / figure sth to be sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / calculate / gauge the amount / value / size / distance◆to estimate / guess / calculate sb / sth's age◆to estimate / judge / gauge the depth■ estimate [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to form an idea of the likely cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating it exactly 估计；估算◆Police estimated the size of the crowd at 50 000.警方估计人群约有5万人。◆Estimate the time it will take to complete each section.估算一下完成每一部分需要的时间。◆The satellite will cost an estimated $500m.估计这颗卫星将耗资5亿元。◆It is estimated that the project will last about four years.据估计，这项工程将历时四年。 see also estimate ⇨ valuation noun ■ guess [transitive] to find the right answer to a question or the truth about sth without knowing all the facts 猜对；猜中；猜到◆She guessed the answer straight away.她一下子就猜中了答案。◆I guessed, rightly, that the keys would be under the doormat.我猜对了，钥匙在门垫下面。◆You'll never guess where they've gone.你绝对猜不到他们去哪儿了。 see also guess ⇨ speculation noun ■ judge [transitive] to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactly 估计，猜测（大小、数量等）◆Young children are unable to judge the speed of traffic.小孩子不懂得估算车辆的速度。◆I judged him to be about 50.我估计他约莫50岁左右。NOTE 辨析 Estimate or judge? Estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs, which you would have to calculate to know exactly. Judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds, which you would have to measure to know exactly. People often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculated exactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have. People often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully about all the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide. * estimate尤指对须计算才能得到准确数值的事物进行估算，如cost（成本）。judge多与distance、depth、speed搭配，指对需要测量才能得出具体数据的距离、深度、速度等方面进行判定。estimate常指根据已有信息，对所需的费用和时间等不能确切计算的概念进行仔细评估。judge常指凭借经验迅速对距离和速度作出判断，而不是对所有的信息仔细考量后再作出判定。■ reckon [transitive, often passive] to estimate an amount or time approximately 估算；估计◆The age of the earth is reckoned to be about 4 600 million years.估计地球的年龄大约为46亿年。◆They reckon (that) their profits were down by 30%.他们估计利润减少了30%。◆The trip was reckoned to take over two days.这次旅行估计要花两天多。ⓘ An amount or time that is reckoned may be more approximate than one that has been estimated. * reckon对时间的估算要比estimate更准确。■ calculate [transitive] to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available 预测；推测◆It's impossible to calculate the extent of his influence on her.无法估计他对她的影响有多大。◆Environmentalists calculate that hundreds of plant species may be affected.环保主义者预测数百种植物可能受到影响。 see also calculate ⇨ calculate ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to estimate the level or amount of sth approximately 估计，估算（水平或数量）◆We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.我们可以根据树的摆动估算风力强度。 see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ figure [transitive] (especially NAmE, rather informal) to estimate the amount, cost or age of sb/sth, especially approximately 估计，估算（数量、成本或年龄）◆If we can figure roughly how much it will cost, we can decide what to do.如果我们能大致估算出费用是多少，就能决定怎么走下一步了。ⓘ In American English figure can also be used to talk about calculating sth exactly. 在美式英语中，figure还可表示准确计算。 see also figure ⇨ calculate ■ extrapolate / /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one 推断；推知；推算◆The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.这些数据是根据过去的趋势推断出来的。◆These results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups.这些结果不能够推及到其他患者群。▸ extrapolation noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Their age can be determined by extrapolation from their growth rate.它们的年龄可以从它们的生长速度来推定。 judge1 verb judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upThese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have. 这些词均表示对某人或某事作出判断。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sth◆to judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potential◆to judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situation◆to judge / assess / gauge the mood / reaction◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctly◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordingly◆to judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively■ judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判断；断定；认为◆As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他们都有责任。◆Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断，他非常失望。◆I don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。◆You shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。◆You shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。◆They judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。 see also judgement ⇨ view 1 , judgemental ⇨ critical ■ assess / /əˈses/ / [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge 评估，评定（性质、能力或质量）◆The new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病号由护理人员作出评估。◆I'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估计你赢的可能性很小。◆The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.该委员会负责评定一栋建筑物是否值得保存。 see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 , assessment ⇨ assessment ■ evaluate / /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ / [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully 评价，评估（数量、价值或质量）◆Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。◆We need to evaluate how well the system is working.我们需要对这个系统的效果作出评价。 see also evaluation ⇨ assessment NOTE 辨析 Assess or evaluate?You usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. You usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. Sometimes either word can be used. * assess通常指按照某种标准评价某人或某事是否令人满意。evaluate通常指为更好地理解某人或某事而对其进行评估，以便作出更有依据的决定。有时这两个词可以通用◆Candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.会对候选人的独立思考能力进行评估。In this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. In the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess. 上面的例句所作的是一种评价。在评估人们工作表现的语境中常用evaluate，因为听起来更正面些。在评估学生考试成绩或课堂表现的语境中通常用assess。 see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value 评估；评价；估价◆How did you rate her speech?你怎样评价她的演讲？◆The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学的研究工作受到高度评价。◆Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.选民继续把教育看作是头等大事之一。 see also rate ⇨ rank verb , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes 判定，判断（尤指人的感情或态度）◆He tried to gauge her mood.他试图揣摩她的心情。◆It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很难判断她是否在生气。 see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ ˌsize sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth 估量；判断◆He sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就对形势作出了判断。◆The children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子们警惕地你看我，我看你，好像在估量对方。 criterion noun criterion ♦︎ standard ♦︎ test ♦︎ measure ♦︎ benchmark ♦︎ guide ♦︎ guideline ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ yardstick ♦︎ normThese are all words for amounts, or levels of quality, that are used to help you estimate or judge sb/sth. 这些词均表示用来评判的标准、准则、尺度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a criterion / measure / benchmark / yardstick / norm for sth◆by any criteria / standard / measure / yardstick◆against the criteria / standard / benchmark / yardstick / norm◆a useful criterion / test / measure / benchmark / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆(an) objective criterion / standards / test / measure / guide◆(a) general standards / measure / guide / guideline◆(a) reliable test / measure / guide / gauge / guidelines◆to serve as a criterion / measure / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆to provide a criterion / standard / measure / benchmark / guide / yardstick◆to set / establish criteria / a standard / the benchmark / norms■ criterion / /kraɪˈtɪəriən; NAmE kraɪˈtɪriən/ (plural criteria) [countable] a principle or level of quality by which sth is judged or by the help of which a decision is made （评判或作决定的）标准，准则，尺度◆The sole criterion is the market price of the land.唯一的标准是土地的市场价格。◆What are the criteria used in evaluating student performance?评定学生表现的准则是什么？◆The listing in the guide is proof that the restaurant meets certain criteria.在指南中榜上有名，证明这家餐馆达到了一定水准。■ standard [countable, usually plural] a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation （正常）水平；（应有的）标准，水准◆No matter how hard I tried I could never reach their standards.无论怎样努力，我总是达不到他们的标准。◆You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.要想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低标准。◆I don't know if it's up to your standards.我不知道这是否符合你的标准。◆It was a simple meal, by Eddie's standards.按埃迪的标准，那不过是顿便饭。◆The equipment was slow and heavy by modern standards.按现代标准，这设备又缓慢又笨重。■ test [countable] a situation or event that shows how good, strong, etc. sb/sth is 检验；考验◆The local elections will be a good test of the government's popularity.地方选举对政府是否得人心将是一个很好的检验。◆The game against Dundee will be a real test of character for us.与邓迪队的比赛对我们的意志将是一次真正的考验。◆The latest pay dispute has really put her management skills to the test.最近的薪酬纠纷确实让她的管理才能受到了考验。■ measure [countable] a way of judging or measuring sth; a sign of the size or strength of sth 判断；衡量；尺度；程度◆Exam results are only one measure of a school's success.考试成绩只是衡量学校水平的一个标准。◆Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension?这个测试是判断阅读理解能力的好方法吗？◆Her hand trembled slightly, a measure of her anxiety.她的手微抖，表明她感到焦虑。■ benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːk; NAmE ˈbentʃmɑːrk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with 基准◆The German recycling system is seen as a benchmark for schemes throughout Europe.德国的回收制度被视为全欧洲回收体系的标准。◆The central bank has cut its benchmark interest rate four times.中央银行已经四次调低基准利率。■ guide [countable, usually singular] something that gives you enough information to be able to make a decision about sth or form an opinion 指导原则；参考标准◆As a general guide, large dogs need more exercise than small ones.一般来说，大型犬比小型犬需要更多的运动。◆These figures should be taken as a rough guide.应该把这些数字看作大致的标准。■ guideline /ˈgaɪdlaɪn/ / [countable] something that can be used to help you make a decision or form an opinion 参考◆These prices are a guideline only.这些价格仅供参考。◆It may help to have a few guidelines to follow.有些规则可循，也许会有帮助。NOTE 辨析 Guide or guideline?There is very little difference in meaning between these two words. Guide is often used in situations where being exact is less important; guideline is often used in business situations, where it is impossible to be exact, but still important to be as nearly right as possible. Guide is not usually used in the plural. 这两个词含义差别很小。guide常用于不需要特别精确的场合，guideline常用于不可能精确但要尽量准确的商业场合。guide通常不用复数形式◆It may help to have a few guides to follow. ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [countable, usually singular] (written, especially business 尤用于商业) a thing, event or fact that can be used to estimate or judge sth 依据；尺度；标准◆The company was regarded as a gauge of Britain's industrial well-being.这家公司被视为衡量英国工业发展状况的指标。 see also gauge ⇨ estimate verb , gauge ⇨ judge verb 1 ■ yardstick /ˈjɑːdstɪk; NAmE ˈjɑːrdstɪk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with 衡量标准；准绳◆Exam results are not the only yardstick of a school's performance.考试成绩并非衡量学校水平的唯一标准。◆Rates of progress are difficult to compare without a common yardstick.没有共同的标准，进步的快慢不好比较。NOTE 辨析 Benchmark or yardstick?A benchmark is usually the particular standard that is used or recommended for measuring a particular thing; a yardstick is more often one of several possible standards that can be used. * benchmark通常指衡量特定事物的特定标准；yardstick则多指可以采用的几种标准之一。■ norm [countable] a required or agreed standard, level or amount 标准；定额；定量◆The level of background radioactivity is well below international norms.本底辐射强度远低于国际标准。 |