give up phrasal verb ⇨give sth up (give up your passport to the authorities)⇨go without (give up your free time)⇨stop1 (give up smoking/work)⇨give up hope⇨despair
give sth up
phrasal verb
give sth up ♦︎ concede ♦︎ sacrifice ♦︎ surrender ♦︎ relinquish ♦︎ waive ♦︎ forfeit ♦︎ cede ♦︎ renounce ♦︎ abdicateThese words all mean to let sb else have sth or to not do or demand sth.这些词均表示放弃、让与。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to give up / concede / surrender / relinquish / cede / abdicate sth to sb◆to give up / concede / sacrifice / surrender / relinquish / waive / forfeit / renounce a right / claim◆to give up / concede / sacrifice / surrender / relinquish / cede / renounce sovereignty◆to give up / concede / sacrifice / surrender / forfeit your independence◆to give up / concede / surrender / relinquish / cede / renounce authority / power◆to give up / concede / surrender / relinquish / cede control / territory◆to give up / renounce / abdicate the throne◆to give up / renounce your citizenship / nationality◆to give up / surrender your passport / weapons■ˌgive sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(gave, given)to hand sth over to sb else; to let sb else have sth; to no longer claim sth as yours把⋯交给（或让与）；放弃（对某物的所有权）◆He gave up his claim to the throne.他放弃了争取王位。■concede / /kənˈsiːd/ / [transitive] to give away power, a right or an advantage, especially unwillingly; to allow sb to have sth（尤指不情愿地）让与（权力、权利或利益）；允许拥有◆The president was obliged to concede power to the army.总统被迫把权力让给军队。◆England conceded a goal immediately after half-time.英格兰队在下半场一开始就被攻入一球。◆Women were only conceded full voting rights in the 1920s.妇女在20世纪20年代才获准享有充分的选举权。 see also concession ⇨ compromisenoun■sacrifice / /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ / [transitive] to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person牺牲；献出◆She sacrificed everything for her children.她为子女牺牲了一切。◆The designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy.设计师为节省燃料牺牲了速度。▸sacrifice
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.为了让她受到良好的教育，她的父母作了很多牺牲。◆The makers assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality.制造商向我们保证他们没有牺牲质量。■surrender / /səˈrendə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to give sb/sth up when you are forced to（被迫）放弃，交出◆He agreed to surrender all claims to the property.他同意放弃对那笔财产的一切权利要求。◆They surrendered their guns to the police.他们向警察交出了枪。▸surrender
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆They insisted on the immediate surrender of all weapons.他们坚持要求立即交出全部武器。■relinquish / /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ / [transitive] (formal) to give sb/sth up, especially unwillingly（尤指不情愿地）放弃◆He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃对公司的控制权。◆They had relinquished all hope that she was alive.他们对她还活着已不抱任何希望了。NOTE辨析 Surrender or relinquish?There is very little difference in meaning between these words; surrender can suggest an even stronger element of force, and is the word to choose when sb is forced to physically hand sth over, such as guns, weapons or a passport. The strongest collocate of relinquish is control.这两个词含义差别很小。surrender意味着使用更多武力，当某人被迫交出某个实物，如gun、weapon或passport时选用此词。relinquish最常与control搭配。■waive / /weɪv/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to choose not to demand sth in a particular case, even though you have a legal or official right to do so放弃（权利、要求等）◆She waived her right to appeal against the verdict.她放弃对裁决上诉的权利。◆We have decided to waive the tuition fees in your case.针对你的情况，我们已决定免除你的学费。■forfeit / /ˈfɔːfɪt; NAmEˈfɔːrfət/ [transitive] (ratherformal) to lose sth or have sth taken away from you because you have done sth wrong（因犯错）丧失，被没收◆If you cancel your flight, you will forfeit your deposit.如乘客取消航班订位，订金概不退还。◆He has forfeited his right to be taken seriously.他被剥夺了获得认真对待的权利。■cede /siːd/ / [transitive] (formal) to give up land or rights, especially to another country after a war割让，让给，转让（土地或权利，尤指战后割让给另一国）◆Cuba was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898.1898年西班牙被迫把对古巴的控制权交给美国。■renounce / /rɪˈnaʊns/ / [transitive] (formal) to state officially that you are no longer going to keep or claim a title or position声明放弃，宣布放弃（头衔或地位）◆The Prince has refused to renounce his right to the throne.王子拒绝声明放弃王位继承权。◆She even threatened to renounce her citizenship.她甚至威胁要放弃她的公民权利。■abdicate / /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to give up the position of being king or queen退位；逊位◆He abdicated in favour of his son.他把王位让给了儿子。◆She was forced to abdicate the throne of Spain.她被迫让出西班牙的王位。▸abdication
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆the forced abdication of the king国王的被迫退位
go without,
go without sth
phrasal verb
go without (sth) ♦︎ forgo ♦︎ give sth up ♦︎ do without (sb/sth)These words all mean to not have or do sth that you usually have or do.这些词均表示舍弃本有之物，或放弃不做常做之事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to go without / forgo / do without food / sleep◆to go without / forgo / give up / do without your holiday◆to forgo / give up your break■ˌgo withˈout■ˌgo withˈout sth
phrasal verb
(goes, went, gone)to not have sth that you usually have or need没有⋯而勉强应付；没有⋯也行◆There wasn't time for breakfast, so I had to go without.当时没有时间吃早饭，我也只好不吃了。◆She went without eating for three days.她三天没吃东西。■forgo ( forego) /fɔːˈgəʊ; NAmEfɔːrˈgoʊ/ (forgoes, forwent, forgone) [transitive] (formal) to decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do放弃，舍弃（想得之物或想做的事）◆No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting.谁都不愿意放弃午餐时间出席会议。■ˌgive sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(gave, given)to decide not to spend time in the way you usually do, in order to do a particular task牺牲（原本做某事的）时间做（别的事）◆I gave up my weekend to help him paint his apartment.我牺牲周末的时间帮他粉刷公寓。■ˌdo withˈout■ˌdo withˈout sb/sth
phrasal verb
(does, did, done)to manage without sb/sth没有⋯而设法将就◆She can't do without a secretary.她不能没有秘书。◆If they can't get it to us in time, we'll just have to do without.要是他们来不及拿给我们，我们就只好将就了。NOTE辨析 Go without or do without?Do without usually comes after can, can't or have to, and can be used to talk about not having a person as well as a thing. Go without is only used to talk about a thing. Do without suggests that sb manages to do sth successfully despite not having sb/sth; go without suggests more that sb tolerates a situation where sth is missing. * do without常接在can、can't或have to后，可指没有某物，也可指没有某人。go without仅指没有某物。do without意味着尽管缺了某人或某物，某人还是设法做成了某事；go without则意味着某人忍受某物缺失的情况。
stop1
verb
stop talking停止说话a car stops/stop a car汽车停下来；停车stop the bleeding止血stop ♦︎ give sth up ♦︎ cease ♦︎ drop ♦︎ abandon ♦︎ quit ♦︎ discontinue ♦︎ leave off ♦︎ knock off (sth) ♦︎ pack sth inThese words all mean to no longer continue to do sth or to make sb/sth no longer do sth.这些词均表示中断、停止。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to stop / give up / cease / quit / leave off doing sth◆to stop / give up / cease / drop / abandon / quit / leave off what you are doing◆to stop / give up / cease / abandon / quit / leave off / knock off work◆to give up / abandon / quit / pack in your job◆to give up / abandon hope◆to give up / quit smoking◆work stops / ceases◆to soon / finally stop / give up / cease / abandon / quit / discontinue◆to suddenly / immediately / almost / simply / never stop / give up / cease / abandon / quit◆to stop / cease / quit / leave off for a moment■stop(-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to no longer continue to do sth; to make sb/sth no longer do sth中断；停止◆That phone never stops ringing!那电话总是响个不停！◆He couldn't stop thinking about her.他无法抑制对她的思念。◆Mike immediately stopped what he was doing.迈克立刻停下手头的事情。◆ (spoken) Stop me(= Make me stop talking) if I'm boring you.你要是觉得我烦了就打断我。◆Stop it! You're hurting me.住手！你把我弄疼了。◆Can't you just stop?你就不能停一停吗？ⓘ Notice the difference between stop doing sth and stop to do sth:We stopped taking pictures.means 'We were no longer taking pictures.';We stopped to take pictures.means 'We stopped what we were doing so that we could start taking pictures.'注意stop doing sth和stop to do sth的区别：We stopped taking pictures表示我们不再照相了。而We stopped to take pictures则表示我们停下正在做的事去照相。■ˌgive sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(gave, given) [no passive] to stop doing or having sth停止；中止；放弃；抛弃◆She didn't give up work when she had the baby.她生了孩子后并未放弃工作。◆We'd given up hope of ever having children.那时我们已放弃了生孩子的希望。◆You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟。◆He gave up medicine for a career in show business.他放弃了医学，转而从事演艺事业。OPPtake sth up ⇨ begin■cease / /siːs/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing停止；终止；结束◆Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.一个人一旦就业，福利救济立刻停止发放。◆You never cease to amaze me!你总能让我感到惊奇！◆The company ceased trading in June.这家公司已于6月份停业。◆He ordered his men to cease fire(= stop shooting).他命令手下停止射击。■drop(-pp-) [transitive] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to stop doing or discussing sth; to not continue with sth停止；终止（讨论）；放弃◆I dropped German(= stopped studying it) when I was 14.我14岁后就没再学德语。◆Drop everything and come at once.放下所有事情赶快来。◆Look, can we just drop it(= stop talking about it)?喂，这事能不能就谈到这儿？◆I think we'd better drop the subject.我认为我们最好不要再谈这个话题。◆The police decided to drop the charges against her.警方决定撤回对她的指控。■abandon [transitive] (ratherformal) to stop doing sth, especially before it is finished; to stop having sth中止；放弃；不再有◆They were forced to abandon the game because of rain.因为下雨，他们被迫中止了比赛。◆We had to abandon any further attempt at negotiation.我们不得不放弃进一步谈判的任何尝试。■quit(quitting, quit, quit; BrE alsoquitting, quitted, quitted) [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE, informal) to stop doing sth停止；放弃◆I'm still trying to quit smoking.我仍在尝试着戒烟。◆Just quit it!就此罢手吧！◆We only just started. We're not going to quit now.我们才刚刚开始，现在还不打算放弃。■discontinue [transitive] (formal) to stop doing, using or providing sth, especially sth that you have been doing, using or providing regularly停止，终止，中断（尤指一直在做、使用或提供的事物）◆It was decided to discontinue the treatment after three months.三个月后决定终止治疗。■ˌleave ˈoff
phrasal verb
(left, left) (informal) to stop doing sth, especially temporarily（尤指暂时地）停止，中断◆Start reading from where you left off last time.就从你上次停下来的地方接着读。■ˌknock ˈoff■ˌknock ˈoff sth
phrasal verb
(informal) to stop doing sth, especially work停止，中断（尤指工作）◆Do you want to knock off early today?今天你想早点收工吗？◆What time do you knock off work?你什么时候下班？■ˌpack sth ˈin
phrasal verb
(informal) to stop doing sth停止（做某事）◆She decided to pack in her job.她决定辞职不干了。◆ (especially BrE) Pack it in(= stop behaving badly or annoying me), you two!别闹了，你们俩！NOTE辨析 Which word?Give up, quit, leave off, knock off and pack sth in are all informal ways of saying 'stop doing sth'. Knock off is usually used about work, when you stop work at the end of the day or for a short time. Leave off is also usually used when you stop sth temporarily and expect to start again later. If you give up/quit work you leave your job and don't get another one. You can't ◆pack in work but you can give up/quit/pack in your job which means you leave your job and either get another one or do sth else such as start your own business or travel around the world. Work can also cease or be abandoned if a whole group of people working on a project decides or is told to stop. * give up、quit、leave off、knock off和pack sth in都是停止做某事的非正式说法。knock off通常指下班或暂停工作；leave off通常也指暂时停止做某事，而且预计以后会接着做；give up/quit work则表示离职而尚未找到其他工作。不说pack in work，但可以说give up/quit/pack in your job，意思是离职后有另一份工作或做别的事情，比如自己创业或周游世界。cease或be abandoned以work作主语时，表示从事某个项目的全体人员决定或奉命停止该项目◆Work on redeveloping the site has ceased / been abandoned.对该地点的再开发工作已经停止／放弃。If work ceases it may start again later; if it is abandoned it probably will not. Stop can be used with work in any of these ways. * cease表示工作有可能再开始，be abandoned则表示很可能不再开始。stop与work连用有下述几种用法◆What time do you stop / knock off work today?今天你什么时候下班／收工？◆She stopped / gave up / quit work when she had the baby.她生孩子后就停止／放弃／辞去了工作。◆Work on the project has stopped / ceased / been abandoned.这个项目的工作已经停止／放弃。
despair
verb
despair ♦︎ give up hope ♦︎ lose hope ♦︎ lose heartThese words all mean to stop believing that sth you want will happen.这些词均表示灰心绝望、丧失信心。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to despair / give up hope / lose hope of sth◆to despair / give up hope that...◆to almost despair / give up hope / lose hope◆to never give up hope / lose hope / lose heart◆to give up / lose all hope◆Don't despair / give up hope.■despair /dɪˈspeə(r); NAmEdɪˈsper/ [intransitive] to stop believing that there is any possibility that a bad situation will change or improve绝望；灰心；失去希望◆Don't despair! We'll think of a way out of this.别灰心！我们会找到出路的。◆They'd almost despaired of ever having children.他们对生孩子几乎不抱任何希望了。◆I despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months.我对他绝望了，他做任何工作都不超过半年。■give up ˈhope
phrase
(gave, given)to stop believing that sth you want will happen放弃希望；丧失信心◆Don't give up hope yet.别这么快失去信心。◆They have given up hope of finding any more survivors.他们对再找到幸存者已不抱希望了。 see also hope ⇨ hopenoun1■lose ˈhope
phrase
(lost, lost)to stop believing that sth you want will happen失去希望；丧失信心◆We have lost all hope of a negotiated settlement.我们对谈判解决已失去所有希望了。◆I never lost hope, even when I was told I would never walk again.我从不灰心丧气，即使在得知再也不能走路的时候也是如此。 see also hope ⇨ hopenoun1NOTE辨析 Give up hope or lose hope?You often lose hope gradually as a situation gets worse or the chances of sth happening seem to get less. Yougive up hope when you realize at a particular point that sth is not going to happen as you want. * lose hope常指由于情况恶化或某事发生的可能性减小而逐渐失去希望，give up hope则指在某个时刻意识到某事不可能如自己所愿而放弃希望。■lose ˈheart
idiom
(lost, lost)to stop hoping for sth or trying to do sth because you have not been successful so far and you no longer feel confident丧失信心；泄气◆We mustn't lose heart just because of a temporary setback.我们切莫仅因暂时的挫折就丧失信心。OPPtake heartⓘ If you take heart, you start to feel more positive about sth. * take heart表示开始对某事增强信心◆The government can take heart from the latest opinion polls.政府可以从最近的民意测验中找回信心。