| 例句 |
go verb
⇨ go 1 (go into the kitchen) ⇨ go 2 (go to China) ⇨ attend (go to a party) ⇨ become (go blind/grey/wrong) ⇨ cost (let the house go for £200 000) ⇨ do 2 (How did the interview go?) ⇨ lead 3 (Where does this road go?) ⇨ leave 1 (Don't go — I need you.) ⇨ match 2 (Does this jacket go with this skirt?) ⇨ work 3 (What makes this machine go?) ⇨ keep sth going ⇨ maintain 1 ⇨ keep going ⇨ persistgo noun
⇨ attempt (It took three goes to get it right.) ⇨ opportunity (Can I have a go on your bike?) ⇨ have a go ⇨ try verb 1go1 verb go into the kitchen 进厨房go to China 去中国go ♦︎ get ♦︎ head ♦︎ pass ♦︎ move ♦︎ travel ♦︎ make your way ♦︎ make for sth ♦︎ advance ♦︎ proceed ♦︎ runThese words all mean to move from one place to another. 这些词均表示去往另一地。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to go / get / pass / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed / run from... to...◆to go / get / head / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed to sb / sth◆to go / head / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed / run towards sb / sth◆to head / make for sb / sth◆to go / get somewhere / make your way by bus / train / car, etc.◆to go / get / head / make your way / make for home■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move from one place to another; to move somewhere in order to get to a particular place; to move in a particular way 去；（为到达某处或以某种方式）移动◆She went into her room and shut the door behind her.她走进自己的房间，随手关上门。◆She's gone to see her sister.她看她姐姐去了。◆Could you go and get me a towel?你能去帮我拿条毛巾吗？◆ (NAmE) Go get me a towel.去帮我拿条毛巾。◆Slow down－you're going too fast.慢点儿－你开得太快了。◆The car went skidding off the road.汽车打滑冲出公路。ⓘ Been, not gone, is used as the past participle when sb has gone to a place and come back. 表示某人去过某地并已返回，过去分词用been，不用gone◆She's gone to town (= and is there now or on her way there).她进城去了。◆I've just been to town (= I went to town and have now returned).我刚才去城里了。 ⓘ Go is usually used from the point of view of the person who is moving somewhere. 使用go时通常从行进者的角度出发。 OPP come ⇨ come 1 see also go ⇨ leave 1 ■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go to or from a particular place or in a particular direction, sometimes with difficulty; to make sb/sth do this （使）到达，离开；（沿某方向）移动；艰难地移动◆How can we get to the other side of town?我们怎么才能到城的另一边？◆I don't know how he managed to get down from the roof.我不知道他是怎么设法从房顶上下来的。◆She got back into bed.她回到床上睡觉了。◆Where have they got to (= where are they)?他们去哪里了？◆We'd better call a taxi and get you home.我们最好叫辆出租车送你回家。 see also get ⇨ get 4 ■ head [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (rather informal) to move in a particular direction; to start going to a particular place 朝（某方向）前进；启程（前往某处）◆Where are we heading?我们要往哪里去？◆She headed for the door.她朝着门走去。◆The boat was heading out to sea.那条船正在出海。■ pass [intransitive] (rather formal) (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go along or through a place or past a particular point 经过；穿过；通过◆The procession passed slowly along the street.队伍沿街缓缓行进。◆Bomber planes were passing overhead all night.轰炸机整夜不断从头顶飞过。■ move [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go in a particular direction, especially a short distance （尤指短距离地）移动◆Phil moved towards the window.菲尔朝窗户走去。◆We moved a little nearer.我们移近了一些。◆The traffic moved slowly along the highway.车辆在公路上缓慢前行。■ travel (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [intransitive] to go or move at a particular speed, in a particular direction or over a particular distance （以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进，转送，传播◆The truck was travelling at 90 mph when it veered off the road.那辆卡车拐下道路时正以90英里的时速行进。◆Messages travel from the nerve endings to the brain.信息从神经末梢传送到大脑。◆News travels fast these days.如今消息传播得很快。■ make your ˈway idiom (made, made) (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go somewhere, especially slowly or when this is difficult to do （尤指缓慢或困难地）去，前往，到⋯地方去◆Will you be able to make your own way to the airport (= get there without help or a ride)?你能自己去机场吗？◆She turned and made her way home.她掉转方向回家去了。■ ˈmake for sth phrasal verb (made, made)to move towards sth, especially when you are in a hurry or feel the need to get somewhere or get out of somewhere 向⋯移动（尤指匆忙或想要去或离开某地）◆People were making for the exits.人们纷纷往出口走。◆He advised us to get out of the city and make for the coast.他建议我们离开市区前往海边。■ advance [intransitive] (rather formal) to move forwards or towards sb/sth, often in a threatening way or in order to attack 前进；推进；进逼◆Troops were given the order to advance.部队得到了前进的命令。◆They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里。◆The mob advanced on us, shouting angrily.暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。OPP retreat ⇨ withdraw 1 ▸ advance noun [countable] ◆Their advance on the city seemed unstoppable.他们向那座城市步步逼近，似乎势不可挡。■ proceed /prəˈsiːd; NAmE proʊˈsiːd/ [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (formal) to move or travel in a particular direction, especially to continue a journey 行进，前往（尤指为了继续行程）◆The marchers proceeded slowly along the street.游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。◆Passengers for Frankfurt should proceed to Gate 14.前往法兰克福的旅客请到14号登机口。■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move over a surface, especially quickly, in a particular direction （尤指快速地向某处）移动◆The car ran off the road into a ditch.汽车冲出路面，掉进沟里。◆A shiver ran down my spine.我猛然感到脊背发凉。◆The sledge ran smoothly over the snow.雪橇在雪地上平稳地滑行。◆The old tramlines are still there but no trams run on them now.昔日的电车轨道还在，如今却没有电车在上面运行了。 go2 verb go into the kitchen 进厨房go to China 去中国go ♦︎ fly ♦︎ travel ♦︎ come ♦︎ do ♦︎ drive ♦︎ ride ♦︎ run ♦︎ coverThese words all mean to move between different places, especially over a long distance. 这些词均表示行走、旅行，尤指长途旅行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive / ride / run from / to sth◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive / ride with sb◆to go / fly / travel / come / do / drive / ride / cover 50 miles / 1 000 km◆to go / travel / come by air / sea / boat / ship / train / car◆to go / travel / come / do sth / cover sth on foot◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive east / north / south / west◆to go / travel / come / drive overland◆to travel / come / drive a long distance■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] to make a journey from one place to another; to do so over a particular distance 去；前往；旅行，行走（一段距离）◆I usually go to work by bus.我一般乘公共汽车上班。◆She's gone to Brazil on vacation.她去巴西度假去了。◆I have to go to Rome on business.我得到罗马出差。◆Here's a list of things to remember before you go.这是你走之前要记住去做的事情清单。◆We had gone many miles without seeing another car.我们走了很多英里，一路都没有见到其他汽车。ⓘ Been, not gone, is used as the past participle when sb has gone to a place and come back. 表示某人去过某地并已返回，过去分词用been，不用gone◆She has gone to China (= she is now in China or is on her way there).她去中国了。◆She's been to China (= she went to China and has now returned).她去过中国。 see also go ⇨ leave 1 ■ fly (flew, flown) [intransitive, transitive] to go on a journey in an aircraft （搭飞机）飞行，飞越◆When are you flying to Bangkok?你何时飞往曼谷？◆It was the first time I'd ever flown.那是我第一次乘飞机。◆She always flies business class.她搭飞机总是坐商务舱。◆Who was the first person to fly the Atlantic (= travel over it in an aircraft)?谁是飞越大西洋的第一人？ see also fly ⇨ drive 1 , fly ⇨ fly 1 ■ travel (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [intransitive, transitive] to go from one place to another, especially over a long distance （尤指长途）行走，旅行；游历◆I spent a year travelling around Africa.我花了一年时间周游非洲。◆Here are some tips on how to keep healthy while you're travelling.以下是一些旅行时保持健康的小窍门。◆He went travelling (= spent time visiting different places) for six months.他在外旅行了六个月。◆We travelled the length and breadth of (= all over) the country.我们游遍了全国。◆Children under five travel free.五岁以下儿童免费乘坐。 see also travel ⇨ travel noun , traveller ⇨ passenger ■ come (came, come) [intransitive, transitive] to make a journey to a place; to make a journey of a particular length, in a particular type of vehicle, etc. 来（到）；（乘某种交通工具）到达，抵达◆People came from all over the world to settle here.人们从世界各地来这里定居。◆How far have you come?你从多远的地方来的？◆He came to England by ship.他坐船来到英格兰。 see also come in ⇨ enter NOTE 辨析 Go or come? Go is used when speaking from the point of view of sb who is at the place where the journey starts. Come expresses the point of view of sb who is at the place where the journey ends. * go是从位于行程起点的人的角度来讲，come是从位于行程终点的人的角度来讲◆We're going to Australia to visit our daughter.我们要去澳大利亚探望女儿。◆I hope you can come to Australia to visit us.我希望你能来澳大利亚探望我们。 ■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] to travel a particular distance or go at a particular speed; to complete a journey 走过（一段路程）；（以某种速度）走完，完成（旅程）◆How many miles did you do yesterday?你昨天走了多少英里？◆My car does 40 miles to the gallon (= uses one gallon of petrol to travel 40 miles).我的汽车每耗1加仑汽油可行驶40英里。◆The car was doing 90 miles an hour.那辆汽车当时时速为90英里。◆We did the round trip (= went there and back) in under three hours.我们来回一趟用了不到三个小时。■ drive (drove, driven) [intransitive, transitive] to make a journey by road, especially in a car 在公路上行进（尤指开车）◆Shall we drive or go by train?我们开车去还是坐火车去？◆We must have driven over 600 kilometres today.我们今天肯定开了600公里以上。◆We drove the rest of the way in silence.余下的路上我们开着车，默不作声。 see also drive ⇨ drive verb 1 , drive ⇨ flight noun ■ ride (rode, ridden) [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (especially NAmE) to travel in a vehicle, especially as a passenger 搭乘；乘坐◆The men loaded my stuff onto the pick-up and I rode with them in the cab.那几个人把我的东西放到小货车上，我和他们一同坐进驾驶室开走了。◆You could ride right along the coast by tram.你可以坐有轨电车沿着海边走。◆ (NAmE) He rides the subway every day.他每天都坐地铁。 see also ride ⇨ flight noun ■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive](of a bus, train, etc.) to travel on a particular route （公共汽车、火车等沿特定路线）行驶◆The buses run every thirty minutes.那些公共汽车每三十分钟一班。◆He claimed that 95 per cent of trains run on time.他声称95%的火车正点行驶。◆The train was running late (= was not going to arrive on time).那列火车晚点了。ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about how often or at what times there are buses, trains, etc. * run通常用于谈论公共汽车、火车等的班次或发车时间。■ cover [transitive] to travel the distance mentioned 行走（⋯长的路程）◆We must have covered over 20 miles.我们一定走了20多英里。◆I covered a lot of ground rapidly and soon caught up with them.我快速地走了很长一段路，很快就追上了他们。 attend verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ get 4 另见get条第4义attend ♦︎ come ♦︎ go ♦︎ come alongThese words all mean to be present at an event. 这些词均表示出席、参加。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to come / go / come along to sth◆to attend / come / go / come along with sb◆to attend / come to / go to / come along to a meeting / wedding◆to attend / come to / go to a conference◆to attend / come to / go to a party■ attend [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to be present at an organized event such as a meeting or wedding 出席；参加◆Over 600 people attended the conference.600多人出席了会议。◆The lecture was attended by most of the faculty.绝大多数教师参加了讲座。◆Several members were unable to attend.几名成员未能出席。▸ attendance / /əˈtendəns/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Attendance at these lectures is not compulsory.这些课不是硬性规定要去听的。■ come (come, come) [intransitive] to travel to a place in order to be present at an event 来（参加或出席活动）◆Please come to my party on September 10th.请于9月10日来参加我的聚会。◆Thanks for coming!谢谢光临！◆I'm sorry, I won't be able to come.抱歉，我来不了。◆Why don't you come skating with us tonight?今晚来和我们一起溜冰怎么样？■ go (went, gone) [intransitive] to travel to a place in order to be present at an event 去（参加或出席活动）◆He was going to a concert that evening and invited her to go with him.他那晚要去听音乐会，便邀请她一起去。◆Who else is going?还有谁会去？NOTE 辨析 Come or go? Come expresses the point of view of a person who arranges an event or attends it. Go is used when the speaker is talking about other people. * come用于说话人是组织者或参与者的情况，go用于说话人谈及其他人的情况。■ ˌcome aˈlong phrasal verb to go to an event with sb 跟随；跟着来◆Come along to a meeting and see what you think.跟我一起去开个会吧，看看你有什么想法。 become linking verb become ♦︎ get ♦︎ go ♦︎ grow ♦︎ come ♦︎ turnThese verbs all mean to start to be sth or to change from one state or condition to another. 这些动词均表示开始变得、变成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / grow / come to know / like sb / sth◆to become / get / grow / turn cold / warm / chilly◆to become / get / grow fat / old◆to become / get / grow angry / hungry / tired◆to become / get annoyed / confused / involved / worried◆to become / get / grow used / accustomed to sth◆to become / get engaged / pregnant◆to become / go / turn red / white / blue, etc.◆to become / go blind / crazy / mad◆to become / come loose◆to go / turn bad / sour■ become (became, become)to start to be sth 开始变得；变成◆She was becoming confused.她开始糊涂了。◆It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.靠他的工资越来越难以维持生计了。◆She became queen in 1952.她于1952年登基为女王。◆The bill will become law next year.该议案将于明年成为法律。■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to reach, or make sb/sth/yourself reach, a particular state or condition; to reach the point at which you feel, know, are, etc. sth （使）达到，进入；开始（感觉到、认识到、成为等）；达到⋯地步（或程度）◆You'll soon get used to the climate here.你很快会习惯这儿的气候。◆We ought to go; it's getting late.我们该走了，时候不早了。◆to get dressed / undressed (= to put your clothes on / take your clothes off) 穿上／脱下衣服◆They plan to get married in the summer.他们打算夏天结婚。◆She's upstairs getting ready.她在楼上做准备。◆Don't get your dress dirty!别把你的连衣裙弄脏！◆She soon got the children ready for school.她很快就让孩子们准备好了去上学。◆You'll like her once you get to know her.你一旦了解她就会喜欢她。◆She's getting to be an old lady now.她现在都快成老太婆了。NOTE 辨析 Become or get?Both these verbs can describe changes in sb's state or condition. 这两个动词均可指人的状态或境况的改变◆to become / get tired / cold / angry / scared / pregnant / thin / old / better累了；变冷；生气了；害怕了；怀孕了；变瘦；变老；变好In general, become is more formal than get, and get is more frequent in spoken language. However, there are some cases where you can only use one of these words. 一般来说，become较get正式，get较常用于口语中。不过，有些情况只能用其中的一个◆I became / got hungry / upset (= verb + adjective).我饿了；我心烦意乱起来。（在动词 + 形容词结构中，一般情况下用become或get均可）◆She became Queen / a teacher / a member of the club (= verb + noun).她成为了女王／教师／俱乐部的会员。（在动词 + 名词结构中，只能用become）◆She got Queen, etc. ◆Don't get your dress dirty (= verb + noun + adjective)!别把你的连衣裙弄脏了！（在动词 + 名词 + 形容词结构中，只能用get）◆Don't become your dress dirty! ◆It took me a long time to get to know her properly (= verb + to + infinitive).我花了很长时间才真正了解她。（在动词 + 带to不定式结构中，只能用get）◆to become to know her Use get for changes that are the result of deliberate actions by you or sb else. 描述自己或他人有意的行为所带来的变化，用get◆to get dressed / married / divorced / killed / mugged / fired穿好衣服；结婚；离婚；被杀；遭到抢劫；被解雇◆to become dressed/married, etc. There are also some adjectives that you can only use with become (not get). These include adjectives connected with ability ( able/unable/proficient/skilled), knowledge ( aware, certain, convinced), availability ( available, common, extinct, useful) and clarity ( clear, obvious, evident, apparent). 有些形容词只能与become而不能与get连用，这些形容词包括表示能力的able、unable、proficient和skilled，表示认知的aware、certain和convinced，表示可获性和可用度的available、common、extinct和useful，以及表示明晰的clear、obvious、evident和apparent。 ■ go (goes, went, gone)to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way; to reach a particular state or condition （尤指朝坏的方面）变成，变为，变得；进入⋯状态；处于⋯状况◆Her hair is going grey.她的头发日渐花白。◆This milk has gone sour.这牛奶馊了。◆The children went wild with excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂。◆She went to sleep.她睡着了。◆That colour has gone out of fashion.那种颜色已经过时了。ⓘ Go is often used to talk about changes in colour ( to go red/white/grey) and other, especially negative, changes ( to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt). * go常用以指颜色的变化和负面变化，如to go red/white/grey（变红；变白；变灰白）；to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt（发疯；变坏；谢顶；发狂；出毛病；破产）。■ grow (grew, grown)to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time; to gradually begin to do sth 逐渐变得；逐渐成为；逐渐开始◆The skies grew dark and it began to rain.天渐渐黑了，下起雨来。◆As time went on he grew more and more impatient.时间久了，他越来越没有耐性。◆I'm sure you'll grow to like her in time.我肯定你会慢慢喜欢上她的。ⓘ Grow is used to talk about changes that happen over a period of time rather than suddenly. It is often used with comparative adjectives to show this gradual change. * grow指在一段时间内逐渐发生变化，而非突然变化。常与形容词比较级连用，以示渐变◆She suddenly grew angry. ◆She grew braver with time.时间慢慢过去，她变得更勇敢了。 ■ come (come, come)to become; to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe sth 成为；变成；达到（认识、理解或相信的程度）◆The buttons had come undone.纽扣都松开了。◆Everything will come right in the end.一切最终都会好起来的。◆I've come to expect this kind of behaviour from him.对于他的这种举止我渐渐不感到意外了。NOTE 辨析 Grow and comeIn this meaning, these two verbs are either followed by an adjective ( come loose/grow calm), or by 'to' + infinitive ( I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.). 表达此义时，这两个动词后接形容词或带to的不定式，如come loose/grow calm（松了；平静下来）；I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.（我逐渐认识到／理解／相信等）。■ turn to change into a particular state or condition; to make sth do this （使）变成，成为◆The leaves were turning brown.叶子变黄了。◆He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money.我们不给他钱时，他立刻露出凶相。◆She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时面如死灰。◆He's a lawyer turned politician (= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician).他以前是个律师，现在从政。ⓘ Turn is used to talk about colours * turn用来表示颜色变化◆to turn blue / red / white;变蓝；变红；变白about changes in the weather 天气变化◆to turn cold / warm / chilly变得寒冷／温暖／阴冷and negative changes 和负面变化◆to turn nasty / mean / sour / bad变得凶恶／卑鄙；馊了；变坏 cost verb cost ♦︎ be ♦︎ sell ♦︎ trade ♦︎ go ♦︎ retail ♦︎ set sb back sthThese are all words that can be used when sth costs a particular amount of money and you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do it. 这些词均表示价格或费用为某数额。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆How much does this cost / is this?◆That costs / will set you back a lot of money.◆sth sells / trades / retails at £9.95◆sth sells / goes / retails for £9.95■ cost (cost, cost) [transitive] If sth costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do it. 需付费；价钱为◆I didn't get it because it cost too much.我没买，因为太贵了。◆Calls to the helpline cost 38p per minute.拨打热线服务电话每分钟收费38便士。◆All these reforms will cost money (= be expensive).所有这些改革都要花很多钱。◆Good food need not cost a fortune (= be very expensive).好吃的东西不一定要花费很多。 see also cost ⇨ price noun ■ be linking verb (especially spoken) to cost 需花费；价格为◆'How much is that dress?' 'Eighty dollars.'“那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十元。”■ sell (sold, sold) [intransitive] to be sold at a particular price （以某一价格）出售；售价为◆The painting sold for $70 000 at auction.那幅画以7万元拍卖售出了。■ trade [intransitive, transitive] (business 商业) to be bought and sold, or to buy and sell sth, on a stock exchange (= a place where shares in companies are bought and sold) （在证券交易所）交易，买卖◆Shares were trading at under half their usual value.那些股份的交易价低于通常价值的一半。◆The futures contract is traded at a clean price and does not include accrued interest payments.那份期货合约以净价交易，不含应计利息。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (rather informal) to be sold, especially for a particular price on a particular occasion （尤指在某一场合以某一价格）出售◆We won't let the house go for less than £200 000.这房子低于20万英镑我们是不会卖的。◆There was usually some bread going cheap (= being sold cheaply) at the end of the day.在收市之前有些面包常降价出售。■ retail / /ˈriːteɪl/ / [intransitive] (business 商业) to be sold in a shop at a particular price （以某一价格）销售；零售价为◆The book retails for $14.95.这本书的零售价是14.95元。NOTE 辨析 Sell, go or retail? Sell is a more general word than retail, which is used mostly in Business English, and only for goods that are sold to the public through shops. * sell较retail含义广，后者主要为商务用语，且只用于经商店向大众销售的商品◆The book retails / sells at £14.95.这本书的零售价是14.95英镑。◆The painting retailed for $70 000 at auction. Go in this meaning is more informal than sell. In British English it is used especially in the phrase going cheap and about particular items being sold on particular occasions. 表达此义时，go比sell较为非正式。在英式英语中，go尤用于短语going cheap，以及某些场合下出售的某些物品◆The painting went for $70 000 at auction.那幅画以7万元拍卖售出了。In informal American English you can also use go to talk about the usual price of sth in a shop. 在非正式的美式英语中，也可以用go指某物在商店里的通常价格◆These boots usually go for around $30 a pair.这些靴子一般每双卖30元左右。 ■ ˌset sb ˈback sth phrasal verb (setting, set, set) [no passive] (informal) to cost sb a particular amount of money 使花费；使破费◆The repairs could set you back over £200.修理这些部件大概要花你200多英镑。ⓘ Set sb back sth is used especially about things that are considered expensive. * set sb back sth尤用于昂贵的东西。 do2 verb do the washing/some research 洗衣服；做研究do well at school 在学校学习好do ♦︎ go ♦︎ perform ♦︎ fare ♦︎ get on/alongThese verbs are all used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth. 这些词均用来询问或谈论事情的进展。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to do / go / perform / fare / get on / get along well◆to do / go / perform brilliantly / excellently / badly◆to do / perform / fare poorly■ do (does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (especially spoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth （谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆How is the business doing?生意好吗？◆She did well out of (= made a big profit from) the deal.她从这笔交易中赚了不少钱。◆He's doing very well at school (= his work is good).他在学校里学习很不错。◆Both mother and baby are doing well (= after the birth of the baby).母子平安。◆ (informal) How are you doing (= how are you)?你好吗？■ go (went, gone) [intransitive] (especially spoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sth （事情）进展，进行◆'How did your interview go?' 'It went very well, thank you.'“你面试的情况如何？”“非常顺利，谢谢。”◆Did everything go smoothly?一切都顺利吗？◆How's it going (= is your life enjoyable, successful, etc. at the moment)?近况可好？◆The way things are going the company will be bankrupt by the end of the year.从事态发展的情况看，到年底这家公司就会破产。NOTE 辨析 Do or go? Do can be used to talk about the progress or success of either a person or a thing; go can only be used to talk about a thing. When you use do to talk about a thing, you are interested in how popular or profitable it is, so do is generally used to talk about the success of sth such as a business or other enterprise. Go is more general, used to describe sth that you experience, such as an event, an interview, a test, or things or life in general. * do可指人或事物的进展与成功，go则仅指事物。用do表示事物的进展时，关注的是受欢迎程度或赢利多少，所以do一般用于谈论生意或业务的成功。go更宽泛些，用于谈论自己经历过的事情，如某一事件，搭配interview、test、things或life等词。■ perform [intransitive] (rather formal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth, especially in business, sport or a test 进展，进行（尤用来询问或谈论生意、运动或考试的情况）◆The company has been performing poorly over the past year.这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。◆If Rooney performs (= performs well) then I believe England can win.如果鲁尼发挥得好，我相信英格兰队能够获胜。◆She performed less well in the second test.她在第二次测验中表现欠佳。▸ performance noun [uncountable, countable] ◆the country's economic performance这个国家的经济状况◆It was an impressive performance by the French team.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。■ fare [intransitive] (especially written) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth （谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆The party fared very badly in the last election.该党上次竞选情况很糟。◆The North, by and large, has fared better than most regions in avoiding high unemployment figures.总的说来，北部地区在避免出现高失业率方面比大多数地区都好些。NOTE 辨析 Perform or fare? Perform is more active than fare: a person or company that performs well is successful because of what they do; a person or group that fares well is successful, or just lucky, because good things happen to them or the conditions are right for them. Both these words are used to talk about people, groups or organizations, but not events. * perform的主动性比fare强，perform well指个人或公司因自身的努力而业绩突出，fare well指个人或群体取得成功，也可能只是幸运，即好事降临在他们头上或者情况有利于他们。两个词都用于人、群体或组织，不用于事件◆The interview performed/fared well. ■ ˌget ˈon■ ˌget aˈlong phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (especially BrE, rather informal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb （谈论或询问某人的情况）进展，进行◆He's getting on very well at school.他在学校里学习很好。◆I went to see how they were getting along.我去看了他们的工作进展情况。ⓘ When get on/along is used with an adverb, it is usually well; it is not common to talk about sb getting on/along badly. The subject of get on/along is usually a person or small group of people in an informal context; it is not used to talk about businesses, organizations or events. * get on/along后接副词时通常接well，一般不说某人get on/along badly。在非正式语境中，get on/along的主语通常是一个人或一小组人，而不是生意、组织或事件。 lead3 verb lead a race/the world in cancer research 在比赛中领先；在癌症研究方面走在世界前列lead an expedition 率领探险队The path leads up the hill. 这条小路通往山顶。lead ♦︎ stretch ♦︎ continue ♦︎ go ♦︎ extend ♦︎ reach ♦︎ spanThese words all mean to cover the distance between two points or places. 这些词均表示通往、延伸至。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / stretch / continue / go / extend / reach / span beyond / across sth◆to lead / stretch / continue / go / extend / reach from sth to sth◆to stretch / continue / extend for sth■ lead (led, led) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to connect one object or place to another; (of a road, path or door) to go in a particular direction or to a particular place （与⋯）相连，相通；（路或门）通向，通往◆Disconnect the pipe leading from the top of the water tank.把与水箱顶部相通的管道断开。◆The wire led to a speaker.这根电线连接着扬声器。◆Which door leads to the yard?哪扇门通向庭院？◆The track led us through a wood.我们沿着那条小道穿过了树林。■ stretch [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of a road or area of land) to spread over a large area （道路或土地）延伸，绵延◆Beyond the mountains stretches a vast desert.山峦后面是一片辽阔的沙漠。◆Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see.放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。 see also stretch ⇨ stretch noun ■ continue [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to go or move further in the same direction （朝相同方向）走，移动；延伸◆The path continued over rocky ground.这条小路向前穿过一片多岩石的地面。◆He continued on his way.他继续往前走。▸ continuation noun [countable] ◆There are plans to build a continuation of the bypass next year.有计划在明年修建这条支路的延伸线。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of a road, path, line, rope, etc.) to lead or stretch from one place to another （道路、线、绳子等）通向，延伸到◆I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground.我想要一根可以从顶楼窗户垂到地面的绳子。◆Where does this road go?这条路通往哪里？■ extend / /ɪkˈstend/ / [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to cover a particular area or distance; to make sth reach as far as sth 涉及（范围）；延伸（距离）；使达到◆Our land extends as far as the river.我们的土地一直延伸到河边。◆We extended a rope between the two posts.我们在那两根柱子之间拉了一根绳子。 see also extent ⇨ size ■ reach [intransitive, transitive] to be big or long enough to go from one point to another point （大小或长度）足够达到◆The carpet only reached halfway across the room.这块地毯只够铺半间屋子。◆Is the cable long enough to reach the power supply?电缆的长度够得着电源吗？■ span (-nn-) [transitive] to stretch right across sth, from one side to the other 横跨；跨越◆A series of bridges span the river.一系列桥梁横跨河面。◆The roof was spanned by curved ribs of steel.屋顶上架着钢制肋拱。▸ span noun [countable] ◆The bridge crosses the river in a single span.那条河上的桥是单跨桥。 leave1 verb It's time we left. 我们该走了。leave home/school 离家；离校leave your job 辞职leave sb/sth behind 丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife 抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge 委托某人负责 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ set off 另见set off条leave ♦︎ go ♦︎ exit ♦︎ depart ♦︎ be off ♦︎ partThese words all mean to go away from a person or place. 这些词均表示离开某人或某处。NOTE 辨析 Leave or go away?The words in the leave entry emphasize the act or time of leaving sb/sth; the words in the go away entry emphasize the need or desire of the speaker to be somewhere else or for sb else to be somewhere else. * leave条下的词强调离开某人／某物的行为或时间；go away条下的词强调讲话者需要或想要去别处，或希望他人到别处去。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ go away 另见go away条 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / go / exit / depart / part from sb / sth◆to leave / depart for sth◆to leave / go / depart at 9 a.m., midnight, etc.◆to be ready / about / going to leave / go / depart◆to be forced to leave / go / depart / part◆let's go / be off◆to leave / go / depart / be off now / soon / at once◆to leave / go / depart quickly / immediately◆to leave / go / be off in a hurry■ leave (left, left) [intransitive, transitive] to go away from a place 离开（某处）◆Come on－it's time we left.快点，我们该走了。◆The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于12:35起飞，前往达拉斯。◆They got into an argument and were asked to leave.他们争论了起来，因而被要求离开。◆John says he left the restaurant at around midnight.约翰说他在午夜前后离开了餐厅。◆I hate leaving home.我很不愿意离开家。OPP arrive ⇨ arrive , enter ⇨ enter ■ go (went, gone) [intransitive] to leave a place 离开；离去◆I must be going now.我现在必须得走了。◆Has she gone yet?她走了吗？◆Don't go－I want to talk to you.别走－我有话跟你说。◆He's been gone an hour (= he left an hour ago).他离开一个小时了。◆The train goes in a few minutes' time.火车一会儿就要开了。ⓘ Go is often used with on to talk about sb leaving a place in order to travel, have a holiday or do sth different. * go常与on搭配，指某人离开某处去旅行、度假或做不同的事情◆to go on a journey / tour / trip / cruise去旅行；去旅游；去短途旅行；去乘游轮度假◆to go on holiday / vacation去度假 OPP stay ⇨ stay 1 see also go ⇨ go 1 , go ⇨ go 2 , going ⇨ departure 1 ■ exit [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to leave a building, room, stage, vehicle or other place 出去；离开；退场◆The bullet entered his chest and exited through his back.子弹从他的前胸射入，从后背穿出。◆We exited via a fire door.我们从防火安全门走了出去。◆Exit Hamlet.(= used in the text of a play to say who should come off the stage) 哈姆雷特退场。◆Passengers exited the aircraft through the rear door.乘客从后门下了飞机。OPP enter ⇨ enter see also exit ⇨ departure noun 1 ■ depart /dɪˈpɑːt; NAmE dɪˈpɑːrt/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to leave a place, especially to start a trip 离去；起程；出发；离开（某处）◆Flights for Amsterdam depart from Terminal 3.飞往阿姆斯特丹的航班从3号航站楼出发。◆You must depart for England immediately.你必须立即起程去英格兰。◆ (NAmE) The train departs Amritsar at 4.20 p.m.火车下午4:20从阿姆利则出发。◆She waited until the last of the guests had departed.她一直等到最后一位客人离去。ⓘ In ordinary speech, depart is formal, but it is the usual official word used about planes, trains, etc. that are leaving. 在日常口语中，depart颇为正式，但在表示飞机、火车等即将离开时为通常的规范用语。 OPP arrive ⇨ arrive see also departure ⇨ departure 1 ■ ˌbe ˈoff phrase (especially BrE, informal, spoken) to leave a place 离开（某处）◆It's time we were off.我们该离开了。◆He's off to Rome in the morning.他已于早晨离开去罗马。◆And they're off!(= used by sb describing the start of a race) 看，他们起跑了！■ part [intransitive] (formal) (of people) to move apart in different directions; to leave another person （人）离开，离别◆We parted at the airport.我们在机场分手了。◆He has recently parted from his wife (= they have started to live apart).他最近与妻子分居了。◆I never forgot his parting words (= what he said as he left).我一直记得他临别时说的话。 match2 verb The two sets of figures don't match. 这两组数字不一致。a scarf with gloves to match 一条围巾及相配的手套compare2match sb's performancerelatematch the quote to the person who said itmatch ♦︎ blend ♦︎ go ♦︎ mix ♦︎ coordinateThese words all mean to combine, or to cause things to combine, in an attractive or effective way. 这些词均表示调和、协调、使相配。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to blend / go / mix / coordinate with sth◆to blend / go together◆sth matches / goes with / coordinates with the curtains / decor◆sth matches / goes with sb's dress◆to match / coordinate colours◆colours match / blend / go with each other / coordinate◆to match / blend / go with sth / coordinate perfectly / well◆to not quite match / go with sth■ match [transitive, intransitive] if two things match, or if one thing matches another, they have the same colour, pattern or style and therefore look attractive together （颜色、图案或风格上）协调，相配◆The doors were painted blue to match the walls.那些门漆成了蓝色，以便与墙的颜色相配。◆I've got her a scarf with gloves to match.我给她买了一条围巾及相配的手套。◆None of these glasses match (= they are all different).这些杯子没有能配对儿的。 see also matching ⇨ equivalent adj. ▸ match noun [singular] ◆The curtains and carpet are a good match.窗帘和地毯非常相配。◆Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other.乔和伊恩真是天造地设的一对。■ blend [intransitive, transitive] (especially written) to combine with sth in an attractive or effective way; to combine sth in this way 调和；协调；融合；使协调◆The old and new buildings blend together perfectly.新旧建筑物相映成趣。◆The colour of the carpet doesn't blend in.地毯的颜色与环境不协调。◆Their music blends traditional and modern styles.他们的音乐融合了传统和现代风格。ⓘ Blend is most often used to talk about how well colours, sounds (especially music), smells and building styles combine. * blend最常用以表示颜色、声音（尤其是音乐）、气味和建筑风格是否协调。■ go (goes, went, gone) (rather informal, especially spoken) (especially of clothes or colours) to combine with sth in an attractive or effective way （尤指衣服或颜色）相配，协调◆Does this jacket go with this skirt?这件上衣与这条裙子相配吗？◆Those colours don't really go (together).那些颜色并不十分协调。■ mix [intransitive] (usually used in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) if two or more things, people or activities do not mix, they are likely to cause problems or danger if they are combined 相容；平安相处◆Children and fireworks don't mix.小孩子不宜玩烟火。■ coordinate (BrE also co-ordinate) /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt; NAmE koʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) (of colours, clothes or fabrics) to look nice together; to choose colours, clothes or fabrics that look nice together （颜色、衣服或织物）相配，协调；搭配颜色（或衣服、织物）◆This shade coordinates with a wide range of other colours.这种暗色可与很多颜色搭配。◆The company has extended its coordinated clothing range.该公司拓展了其服装产品的搭配系列。ⓘ Coordinate is often used in the clothing and textile industries, or by people whose job is to comment on or advertise these things. * coordinate常用于服装和纺织业，对服装和织物发表评论或为其做广告宣传的人也常会用到这个词。▸ coordination (BrE also co-ordination) noun [uncountable] ◆advice on colour coordination对颜色搭配的建议 work3 verb work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ operate 另见operate条work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ goThese are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way. 这些词均表示机器、系统或装置运转良好、正常工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to actually / still work / function / go◆to work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliably◆to work / function / run perfectly◆to work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctly◆to work / function well◆to run / operate continuously◆fully functioning / operating■ work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way （机器或装置）运转良好，正常工作◆The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。◆It works by electricity.这是电动的。◆Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？ see also work ⇨ operate ■ function [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断，医院继续正常运转。◆Many children can't function effectively in large classes.许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。◆We now have a functioning shower.现在我们有了好用的淋浴器。■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦开动了链锯。◆Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.我们的货车烧柴油。◆Which operating system have you got running?你们运行的是哪个操作系统？ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about an engine or motor (or a machine that uses an engine or motor), or a computer program. * run通常指发动机、马达（或使用发动机或马达的机器）或电脑程序正常工作。 see also run ⇨ operate , up and running ⇨ active adj. ■ operate [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working （尤指机器）运转；（服务或系统）工作◆Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太阳能电池板只能在阳光下才能正常工作。◆Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在压力下才能工作得好。◆A new late-night service is now operating.现在推出了一种新的深夜服务项目。 see also operate ⇨ operate ▸ operation noun [uncountable] ◆Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期维修能确保发动机运行顺畅。 see also in operation , operational ⇨ active adj. NOTE 辨析 Function or operate? Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function较多用于描述是否运转或运转情况是否良好。operate较多用于描述运行的必要条件。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (informal, especially spoken) (of a machine) to work in the correct way （机器）起作用，运转良好，正常工作◆What makes it go?是什么让它运转起来？ maintain1 verb maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ sustain ♦︎ extend ♦︎ prolong ♦︎ keep sth up ♦︎ keep sth going ♦︎ perpetuate ♦︎ prop sth upThese words all mean to make sth continue at the same level or standard. 这些词均表示维持、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / keep up standards / a relationship◆to maintain / sustain / keep up levels / rates / morale / interest / growth / the momentum◆to keep the momentum going◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / perpetuate a system / myth◆to maintain / preserve / sustain a / an balance / illusion◆to maintain / preserve / keep up a tradition◆to keep a tradition going◆to maintain / sustain / keep up a pretence◆to maintain / preserve anonymity / confidentiality / order / the status quo / your heritage◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / extend / prolong (sb's) life◆to extend / prolong a visit / stay◆to still maintain sth / preserve sth / sustain sth / keep sth up / keep sth going / perpetuate sth / prop sth up◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / prolong sth / keep sth going indefinitely◆to maintain / extend / prolong sth deliberately■ maintain / /meɪnˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持；保持◆Our principal task is to maintain law and order.我们的主要任务是维持治安。◆The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。◆ (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.她保持沉默，以示尊严。■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep a particular quality or feature; to make sure that a quality or feature is kept 保护；维护；保留◆He was anxious to preserve his reputation.他急于维护自己的名声。◆Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。◆She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.她在艰难的环境下依然不失幽默感。■ sustain / /səˈsteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue for some time at the same level 使保持；使稳定持续◆We are experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.我们正经历一段经济持续增长的时期。◆She had been the victim of a sustained attack.她曾遭受长时间的暴力袭击。◆She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。▸ sustainable adjective ◆sustainable economic growth经济的可持续增长OPP unsustainable NOTE 辨析 Maintain or sustain?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆to maintain / sustain a balance / a pretence / people's interest / life保持平衡；维持假象；使人们保持兴趣；维持生命 Maintain is used especially to talk about keeping sth at its usual level for an unlimited period of time. * maintain尤指使事物在不受限定的时间内保持惯常的水平◆They believe that the role of the state is to maintain the status quo, rather than to promote major economic and social change.他们认为国家的职能是保持现状，而不是促进经济和社会的重大变革。 Sustain is used more to talk about keeping sth at a higher than usual level for a long but not unlimited period. * sustain较多指使事物在很长但并非无限的时间内保持高于往常的水平◆How long can this level of growth be sustained?这种水平的增长能持续多久？ ■ extend [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆They've agreed to extend the deadline.他们同意延长截止期限。◆The show has been extended for another six weeks.展览会又延长了六周。◆Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years.精心保养可使汽车寿命延长几年。 see also extended ⇨ long adj. ▸ extension noun [countable] ◆He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.他的合同获得延期一年。■ prolong /prəˈlɒŋ; NAmE prəˈlɔːŋ, prəˈlɑːŋ/ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.这次手术可使他多活两三年。◆Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing sth) －just tell us who won!别卖关子了－快说谁赢了！ see also prolonged ⇨ long adj. NOTE 辨析 Extend or prolong? Extend is used especially in business contexts. * extend尤用于商务语境◆to extend a deadline / an overdraft / a trip / a visa / a right / a mandate延长截止期限；提供透支；延长旅行／签证／权利／任期 Prolong is more often used to talk about making experiences last longer. * prolong较多指延长经历◆to prolong your stay / visit / life / survival / agony / misery延长逗留时间／访问／生命／生存时间／痛苦／不幸 ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup phrasal verb (kept, kept)to make sth stay at a high level; to continue to use or practise sth 使⋯保持在高水平；沿用；沿袭；保持◆The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.昂贵的原料费用使价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。◆We try to keep up the old customs.我们尽量保持这些老习俗。◆Do you still keep up your Spanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？■ ˌkeep sth ˈgoing phrase (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make an effort to make a process, activity or tradition continue to happen or exist 使（进程、活动或传统）维持下去◆We have a chance of winning the championship as long as we can keep the momentum going (= keep playing at the same high level).我们只要能保持这个势头就有机会夺冠。■ perpetuate /pəˈpetʃueɪt; NAmE pərˈpetʃueɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time 使（恶劣局面或信念等）持久化（或持续）◆This new law just serves to perpetuate inequality.这项新法律只会持续造成不平等。◆This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.这一制度维持了几个世纪。◆Comics and books for children tend to perpetuate the myth that 'boys don't cry'.儿童连环画和图书往往在延续着“男儿有泪不轻弹”的固有观念。ⓘ Typical collocates of perpetuate are inequality, myth, stereotype and system. * perpetuate的常见搭配词有inequality、myth、stereotype和system。■ ˌprop sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-) (often disapproving, especially business 尤用于商业) to help sth that is having difficulties, when it might be better to let it fail and use your resources for sth else 帮助，扶持，救济（本该任其败落的事物）◆The government was accused of propping up declining industries.人们指责政府贴补日趋衰落的产业。ⓘ Prop sth up is used most often in financial contexts. * prop sth up最常用于金融语境◆to prop up the economy / exchange value of sterling / pound / dollar / stockmarket扶持经济；维持英镑／美元的汇兑价值；救助股市 persist verb persist ♦︎ keep going ♦︎ hang on ♦︎ persevere ♦︎ keep at sth ♦︎ struggle along/onThese words all mean to continue to do sth in spite of difficulties. 这些词均表示虽有困难仍坚持不放弃。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to persist / persevere with / in sth■ persist /pəˈsɪst; NAmE pərˈsɪst/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances, or in spite of opposition, in a way that can seem unreasonable （身处逆境或不顾反对）顽强地坚持，执著地做◆Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责？◆He persisted with his questioning.他不停地发问。◆'So, did you agree or not?' he persisted.“那么，你同意了没有？”他追问不止。 see also persistence ⇨ determination , persistent ⇨ determined 2 ■ ˌkeep ˈgoing idiom (kept, kept) (especially spoken) to make an effort to live normally when you are in a difficult situation or when you have experienced great suffering; used to encourage sb to continue doing sth （身处困境或遭遇磨难时）尽力维持下去，坚持活下去；（用于鼓励）坚持下去◆You just have to keep yourself busy and keep going.你得让自己忙起来，尽量坚持下去。◆Keep going, Sarah, you're nearly there.坚持下去，萨拉，你快到了。■ ˌhang ˈon phrasal verb (hung, hung) (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances （在逆境中）坚持，不放弃◆The team hung on for victory.这个队为了胜利坚持不懈。■ persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r); NAmE ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/ [intransitive] (rather formal, approving) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances （在逆境中）坚持，不放弃◆Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。◆You have to persevere with difficult students.对难教的学生你必须坚持不懈。 see also perseverance ⇨ determination ■ ˌkeep ˈat sth phrasal verb (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to continue trying to do or achieve sth; used to encourage sb to continue doing sth 坚持；不放弃；（用于鼓励）坚持下去◆Encouraged by his confidence in us, we kept at it.他对我们满怀信心，于是我们就咬牙坚持了下来。◆Come on, keep at it, you've nearly finished!快，要坚持，你马上就要完成了！■ ˌstruggle aˈlong■ ˌstruggle ˈon phrasal verb to continue in difficult circumstances 在困难中坚持；勉强坚持◆The business struggled along for some time.生意勉强维持了一段时间。◆Life is hard but we all have to struggle on.生活很艰难，但是我们都不能放弃。ⓘ Struggle along/on suggests a sense of tiredness and difficulty rather than great enthusiasm or a strong desire to achieve sth. * struggle along/on意为艰难、疲惫地勉强坚持，并非充满热情或强烈渴望地去争取。 attempt noun attempt ♦︎ effort ♦︎ try ♦︎ go ♦︎ shot ♦︎ stabThese are all words for an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult. 这些词均表示尝试、试图。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an attempt / a try / a go / a shot / a stab at sth◆an attempt / effort to do sth◆in an attempt / effort to do sth◆a first / last / good attempt / effort / try / go / shot / stab◆a serious attempt / effort / go / shot◆a / an valiant / brave / feeble / unsuccessful attempt / effort / stab◆to have a try / go / shot / stab◆to make an attempt / an effort / a stab◆to give sth a try / go / shot◆to take a shot / stab at sth◆to be worth a try / go / shot / stab■ attempt [countable, uncountable] an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success; an act of trying to do better than sth, such as a good performance in sport （常常不成功的）企图，试图，尝试；（为超越某事物的）尝试，努力◆Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。◆The couple made several attempts at a compromise.这对夫妇几次试图和解。◆They made no attempt to escape.他们没有企图逃跑。◆I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。◆The previous attempt on the world record was abandoned last year due to bad weather.上一次试图冲击世界纪录是在去年，因天气恶劣而取消了。 see also attempt ⇨ try verb 1 ■ effort [countable] an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult that needs energy or determination 艰难的尝试；试图；尽力◆I'll make a special effort to finish on time this week.我会加倍努力争取本周完成。◆I didn't really feel like going out, but I'm glad I made the effort.我当时并不很想出去，不过我很庆幸还是出去了。◆The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力吸引更多的年轻人。◆Despite our best efforts, we didn't manage to win the game.尽管我们尽了最大的努力，却没能赢得这场比赛。NOTE 辨析 Attempt or effort?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆They met once more in an attempt / effort to find a solution.他们再次会面，试图找到解决办法。 Attempt often emphasizes the event or action involved in trying to do or achieve sth. * attempt常强调尝试中所涉及的事件或行动◆a coup / assassination / suicide attempt政变／刺杀／自杀的企图◆a coup/assassination/suicide effort Effort especially emphasizes the work or energy that sb puts into trying to do sth. * effort尤其强调尝试中所付出的劳动或精力◆a great / enormous / strenuous effort巨大／艰苦的努力◆a great/enormous/strenuous attempt ■ try [countable, usually singular] (rather informal) an act of trying to do sth, especially sth which you think may not be successful （认为可能不成功的）尝试，努力◆I don't think I'll be any good at tennis, but I'll give it a try.我认为我网球不会打得好，但是我会试一试。◆I doubt they'll be able to help, but it's worth a try (= worth asking them).我不敢肯定他们能帮上忙，但是不妨一试。◆Never mind－it was a good try.没关系－那是一次不错的尝试。◆ (NAmE) The US negotiators decided to make another try at reaching a settlement.美方谈判者决定再作一番努力，力求达成和解。 see also try ⇨ try verb 1 ■ go [countable] (BrE, rather informal) a try 尝试；努力◆You should have a go at answering all the questions.你应该试着回答所有的问题。◆It took three goes to get it right.试了三次才把它弄好。■ shot [countable, usually singular] (informal) an attempt to do or achieve sth 尝试；努力◆The team are looking good for a shot at the title.看来这个队夺冠的势头不错。◆Just give it your best shot (= try as hard as you can) and you'll be fine.只要尽自己最大的努力，你就会有好的结果。■ stab [countable, usually singular] (informal) an attempt to do sth, especially sth that you are not very experienced or skilled at doing （尤指欠缺经验或技能的）尝试，企图◆I've always enjoyed acting, but I'd like to have a stab at directing one day.我一直很乐于做演员，但也想将来有一天试试做导演。 opportunity noun opportunity ♦︎ chance ♦︎ turn ♦︎ possibility ♦︎ moment ♦︎ occasion ♦︎ break ♦︎ start ♦︎ window ♦︎ goThese are all words for a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth. 这些词均表示机会、时机。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the opportunity / a chance / your turn to do sth◆an opportunity / possibilities / an occasion for sth◆a suitable opportunity / occasion / moment◆the last opportunity / chance / moment◆to have an opportunity / a chance / a turn / a break / a window / a moment / a go◆to get / give sb an opportunity / a chance / a turn / a break / a start / a window / a moment / a go◆to wait for an opportunity / a chance / your turn / the moment / an occasion◆to take advantage of an opportunity / a chance / the possibilities / a window◆to take the opportunity / your chance / turns◆to seize an opportunity / a chance / the moment◆to miss an opportunity / your chance / a turn / a go■ opportunity [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth 机会；时机◆I'd like to take this opportunity to thank my colleagues for their support.我谨借此机会感谢同事的支持。◆He is rude to me at every opportunity (= whenever possible).他动不动就对我粗鲁无礼。◆There are more job opportunities in the south.南方有更多的工作机会。◆Our company promotes equal opportunities for women (= women are given the same jobs, pay, etc. as men).本公司提倡男女机会均等。◆There'll be plenty of opportunity for relaxing once the work is done.工作一完成，放松的机会有的是。■ chance [countable] an opportunity 机会；时机；机遇◆Please give me a chance to explain.请给我一个解释的机会。◆ (BrE) We won't get another chance of a holiday this year.我们今年不会再有机会度假了。◆ (NAmE) We won't get another chance at a vacation this year.我们今年不会再有机会度假了。◆Jeff deceived me once already－I won't give him a second chance.杰夫已骗过我一次，我不会再给他机会。◆This is your big chance (= opportunity for success).这是你成功的大好机会。NOTE 辨析 Opportunity or chance?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆You'll have the opportunity / chance to ask questions at the end.你们最后将有机会提问。 Opportunity tends to be used in more formal contexts than chance, and in some phrases only one of the words can be used. 与chance相比，opportunity往往用于较正式的语境；有些短语只能用其中的一个词◆job/equal chances ◆I won't give him a second opportunity. ■ turn [countable] (especially spoken) the time when sb in a group of people should do sth or is allowed to do sth （依次轮到的）机会◆Please wait your turn.请等着轮到你。◆Whose turn is it to cook?轮到谁做饭了？◆The male and female birds take turns sitting on the eggs.雄鸟和雌鸟轮流抱窝。◆ (BrE) We take it in turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。■ possibility [countable, usually plural] something that gives you a chance to achieve sth 机会；契机◆The class offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.这门课程提供一系列令人兴奋的技能训练。◆Career possibilities for women are much greater than they were fifty years ago.女性的职业发展机会比五十年前多很多。ⓘ In this meaning, possibilities is often used to talk about work-related situations. 表达此义时，possibilities常用于与工作相关的情形◆career / employment / development / commercial / design possibilities职业发展／就业／发展／商业／设计机会It is also often used after positive-sounding adjectives. * possibilities亦常用于褒义的形容词后◆excellent / interesting / exciting / creative possibilities绝佳的／有吸引力的／令人激动的／表现创造力的机会Note that you cannot say 'a/the possibility to do sth'. 注意，不能说a/the possibility to do sth◆I had the possibility to spend a year in Paris while I was a student. In these cases use opportunity or chance. 在这些情况下可用opportunity或chance◆I had the opportunity / chance to spend a year in Paris.我曾有机会在巴黎待过一年。 see also possible ⇨ possible 1 ■ moment [countable] (especially spoken) a particular occasion; a time for doing sth 时机；机遇；做某事的时刻◆I'm waiting for the right moment to tell him the bad news.我在找适当的时机告诉他这个坏消息。◆Have I caught you at a bad moment?我是不是来得不是时候？■ occasion [singular] (rather formal) a suitable time for doing sth 适当的机会；时机◆It should have been an occasion for rejoicing, but she could not feel any real joy.原本应该是高兴的时刻，她却丝毫不感到快乐。◆I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises (= if I get a chance).有机会的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。 see also occasion ⇨ time 1 ■ break [countable] (informal) a chance to do sth, usually to get sth that you want or to achieve success （满足心愿或成功的）机会，机遇◆I got my lucky break when I won a 'Young Journalist of the Year' competition.我时来运转，在“年度最佳青年记者”竞赛中获胜。■ start [countable, usually singular] the opportunity that you are given to begin sth in a successful way 起始优势；良好的基础条件◆They worked hard to give their children a good start in life.他们力争为孩子们奠定一个良好的基础。◆The job gave him his start in journalism.那份工作让他开始进入新闻行业。 see also start ⇨ start noun ■ window [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a time when there is an opportunity to do sth, although it may not last long 一丝机会；短暂的时机◆We now have a small window of opportunity in which to make our views known.我们现在有一线机会使人了解我们的观点。■ go (plural goes) [countable] (BrE, spoken) a person's turn to move or play in a game or activity （游戏或活动中轮到的）机会◆Whose go is it?轮到谁了？◆It's your go.轮到你了。◆'How much is it to play?' 'It's 50p a go.'“玩这游戏多少钱？”“50便士一回。”◆Can I have a go on your new bike?我能骑骑你的新自行车吗？ⓘ In American English use turn. 在美式英语中用turn。 try1 verb try to do sth/try your hardest 想要做某事；尽力而为try doing sth/try this new dish 试着做某事；尝尝这道新菜try ♦︎ attempt ♦︎ seek ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ strive ♦︎ endeavour ♦︎ have a go ♦︎ go for sthThese words all mean to make an effort to do or achieve sth. 这些词均表示试图、设法、努力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to try / attempt / seek / struggle / strive / endeavour to do sth◆to struggle / strive for / against sth◆to try / attempt / seek / struggle / strive desperately / in vain◆to be constantly trying / seeking / struggling / striving to do sth◆to consciously try / attempt / seek / strive to do sth◆to deliberately try / attempt / seek / endeavour to do sth◆to try / struggle / strive hard■ try [intransitive, transitive] to make an effort to do, achieve or get sth 试图；想要；设法；努力◆I don't know if I can come but I'll try.我不知道是否能来，但我尽量。◆What are you trying to do?你想要做什么？◆I tried hard not to laugh.我强忍住不笑出来。◆She tried her best to solve the problem.她尽了最大的努力解决这个问题。◆Just try your hardest.请尽力而为吧。ⓘ In spoken English try can be used with and plus another verb, instead of with to and the infinitive. 在口语中，try可与and加另一动词连用，来代替带to的不定式这种用法◆I'll try and get you a new one tomorrow.我明天尽量给你带个新的来。◆Try and finish quickly.尽量快点完成。In this structure try can only be used in the infinitive, or to tell sb what to do. 这种结构中，try只能使用动词原形，表示告诉某人做什么。 see also try ⇨ attempt noun ■ attempt [transitive] (rather formal) to try to do sth, especially sth difficult or dangerous 尝试，试图做（尤指困难或危险的事）◆The prisoner was shot while attempting to escape.囚犯在企图逃跑时被枪杀。◆The coastguard had advised them not to attempt a rescue.海岸警备队已通知他们不要试图救人。◆More than once, depression drove him to attempt suicide.抑郁让他不止一次试图自杀。 see also attempt ⇨ attempt noun ▸ attempted adjective [only before noun] ◆attempted rape / murder / robbery (= that was attempted but was not successful) 强奸／谋杀／抢劫未遂NOTE 辨析 Try or attempt? Try has a more general meaning and is used more often in informal conversation. Attempt is more formal and places the emphasis more on the act of starting to do sth rather than on the effort put into achieving it. When followed by a noun, attempt usually refers to an effort to do sth which was not successful or is unlikely to be successful. * try的含义更宽泛，更常用于非正式的谈话。attempt更正式，更强调开始做某事的举动，而非为实现某事付诸的努力。后接名词时，attempt通常指做某事的努力没有成功或不太可能成功◆The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.那些囚犯试图逃跑，但失败了。 ■ seek (sought, sought) [transitive] (always used in the phrase seek to do sth 总是用于短语seek to do sth) (formal) to try to do sth, often sth that might take a long time 试图，设法（常指做费时的事）◆The research project will seek to find an answer to this question.这个研究项目将力求找到这个问题的答案。 see also seek ⇨ ask verb 2 , seek ⇨ look verb 2 ■ struggle [intransitive, transitive] to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems 奋斗；努力；争取◆Shona struggled for breath.肖纳喘不上气来。◆The family struggled through the next few years.全家人在此后几年生活艰难。◆I'm really struggling with this essay.这篇文章让我很费劲。◆They struggled just to pay their bills.他们辛苦所得勉强够支付开销。 see also struggle ⇨ effort noun ■ strive (strove, striven) [intransitive] (formal) to try very hard, usually over a long period of time, to achieve sth or defeat sth 努力；（长期）奋斗；力争；力求◆We constantly strive for excellence in design.我们不断力求卓越的设计。◆They were always striving towards perfection.他们总是力臻完美。■ endeavour (BrE) (NAmE endeavor) / /ɪnˈdevə(r)/ / [transitive] (always followed by to + infinitive 总是后接带to的不定式) (formal) to try very hard to do sth, especially sth that needs a lot of effort 努力，尽力，竭力（尤指做需要付出很多努力的事）◆I will endeavour to do my best for my country.我将尽忠报国。 see also endeavour ⇨ effort noun ■ have a ˈgo idiom (has, had, had) (informal, especially spoken) to make an attempt to do sth 尝试，试图（做某事）◆'I can't start the engine.' 'Let me have a go.'“这发动机我发动不起来了。”“让我来试试。”◆I've always wanted to have a go at windsurfing.我一直想试着玩帆板运动。■ ˈgo for sth phrasal verb (goes, went, gone) (informal, spoken) to put a lot of effort into sth in order to get or achieve sth 努力争取某事物◆Go for it, John! You know you can beat him.加油，约翰！你知道你是可以打败他的。◆She'll be going for gold in the Olympics.她会努力争取在奥运会上夺金。 |