let verb ⇨allow (Let me drive.)⇨let sb go⇨fire (let 100 employees go)⇨let (sb/sth) go⇨free1⇨let sb go⇨release (Let me go! You're hurting me!)⇨let sb/sth loose⇨release
allow
verb
allow ♦︎ let ♦︎ grant ♦︎ permit ♦︎ entitle ♦︎ authorize ♦︎ license ♦︎ qualify ♦︎ OK ♦︎ sanction ♦︎ empower ♦︎ clearThese words all mean to decide or say that sb may do sth or receive sth, or that sth may happen.这些词均表示允许、准许、批准。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to allow / permit / entitle / authorize / license / empower / clear sb to do sth◆to let sb do sth◆to allow / let / permit yourself sth / (to) do sth◆to allow / be entitled to / authorize / sanction payment◆to be legally allowed / permitted / entitled / authorized / sanctioned / empowered◆to be officially allowed / permitted / entitled / authorized / sanctioned◆to be (not) normally allowed / granted / permitted / entitled◆to automatically grant sth / entitle sb to sth / qualify sb for sth■allow [transitive] to decide or say that sb may do or have sth, or that sth may happen or be done允许；准许◆His parents won't allow him to stay out late.他的父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。◆He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外面待到很晚。◆Smoking is not allowed in here.这里不准吸烟。◆No dogs allowed(= you cannot bring them in).禁止携狗入内。◆The prisoners are allowed out of their cells for two hours a day.囚犯每天可以放风两个小时。◆You're allowed half an hour to complete the test.你有半个小时完成这个测试。◆I sometimes allow myself the luxury of a cigar.我偶尔让自己奢侈一下，吸支雪茄。◆He allowed his mind to wander.他任思绪畅游。OPPforbid ⇨ banverb■let(letting, let, let) [transitive] to allow sb to do sth or allow sth to happen without trying to stop it允许；让◆They never let the children play outside.他们从不让孩子到外边玩耍。◆I wanted to drive but she wouldn't let me.我想开车，但她不让。◆Don't let it upset you.别让那件事搅得你心烦。◆Let me help you with your luggage.让我帮你提行李吧。ⓘ When it means 'allow' let is not used in the passive.表示允许之义时，let不用于被动语态◆The children are never let play outside.However, let can also mean 'to open a door so that sb can go in or out' and in this meaning it can be active or passive.但是let还有“开门准许进出”之义，这时，主动语态和被动语态都可以使用◆I'll give you a key so you can let yourself in.我给你一把钥匙，你可以自行进入。◆The cat wants to be let out.这只猫想要出去。Note the difference between let sb out(= open the door for them)and allow sb out(= give them permission to go out).注意区分let sb out（打开门让某人出去）和allow sb out（准许某人出去）。■grant [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal) to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予◆Planning permission for the development was granted last week.上周下发了开发规划许可。◆The government granted an amnesty to all political prisoners.政府赦免了所有政治犯。◆She was granted a divorce.她获准离婚。◆Her wish was granted.她得偿所愿了。 see also award ⇨ give1■permit / /pəˈmɪt; NAmEpərˈmɪt/ (-tt-) [transitive] (formal) to allow sb to do sth; to allow sth to happen允许；准许◆The banks were not permitted to invest overseas.这些银行不许投资海外。◆The rules of the club do not permit it.俱乐部规定不可以这样做。◆Radios are not permitted in the library.图书馆内不许使用收音机。◆Permit me to make a suggestion.容我提个建议吧。OPPban,forbid,prohibit ⇨ banverb see also permission ⇨ permission, permit ⇨ licencenoun■entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ / [transitive, often passive] to give sb the right to have or do sth使享有权利；使符合资格◆Passengers will be entitled to a full refund of the cost of the ticket.乘客购票款可全额退还。◆Of course, he's entitled to his opinion but I think he's wrong.当然，他有权发表他的看法，但是我认为他错了。 see also entitlement ⇨ rightnoun■authorize (BrE alsoauthorise) / /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ / [transitive] to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth批准；授权◆I can authorize payments up to £5 000.我有权批准的付款限额是5 000英镑。◆I have authorized him to act for me while I am away.我已授权他在我外出时做我的全权代表。OPPprohibit ⇨ banverb see also authorization ⇨ permission, authorization ⇨ licencenoun■license (BrE also, less frequentlicence) / /ˈlaɪsns/ / [transitive] to give sb official permission to do, own or use sth; to give official permission for sth to be done批准；许可◆The drug is not licensed for long-term use.这种药不得长期服用。◆The hotel is licensed to sell alcohol.这家旅馆有售酒许可。◆The company plans to license the technology to others.公司计划将这项技术转让他人。 see also licence ⇨ licencenoun■qualify [intransitive, transitive] to have the right to do or receive sth; to give sb this right有权；使有权◆You have to be over 60 to qualify.你得60岁以上才有资格。◆She didn't qualify for a full pension.她没有权利享受全额养老金。◆Membership of the scheme qualifies you for the discount.作为这个计划的成员，你有权享受打折优惠。■OK ( okay) [transitive] (informal) to officially agree to sth or allow it to happen正式批准；同意◆The chairman OK'd the request.主席答应了那个请求。◆The property has to be valued before a mortgage loan is OK'd.要取得按揭贷款得先对房产进行估价。■sanction / /ˈsæŋkʃn/ / [transitive] (formal) to give permission for sth to happen许可；准许◆The military refused to sanction a transfer of power to a civilian government.军方拒绝将权力移交给文官政府。■empower / /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ / [transitive, often passive] (formal) to give sb the power or authority to do sth赋予权力；授权◆The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes.法院有权对某些罪行的犯人判处死刑。■clear [transitive] to give or get official approval for sth to be done; to give official permission for a person, ship, plane or goods to leave or enter a place, or for a person to be given special work or see special papers准许；批准（人、船、飞机或货物）进入（或离开）；批准（做机密工作或阅读机密文件）◆I'll have to clear it with the manager before I can refund your money.我要得到经理批准后才能给你退款。◆The plane had been cleared for take-off.飞机已得到起飞许可。◆She hasn't been cleared by security.她尚未得到安保部门的批准做机要工作。 see also clearance ⇨ permission
fire
verb
fire ♦︎ lay sb off ♦︎ dismiss ♦︎ sack ♦︎ axe ♦︎ make sb redundant ♦︎ let sb go ♦︎ discharge ♦︎ give sb/get the sackThese words all mean to officially remove sb from their job.这些词均表示解雇、免职、开除。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fire sb / lay sb off / dismiss sb / sack sb / make sb redundant / discharge sb / get the sack from a job◆to fire sb / dismiss sb / sack sb / give sb the sack for sth◆to fire / lay off / dismiss / sack / axe staff / workers / employees◆to make staff / workers / employees redundant◆to let staff / employees go◆to make jobs / posts / positions redundant◆to axe jobs / posts / positions◆to get fired / laid off / dismissed / sacked / made redundant◆to be unfairly / summarily fired / dismissed / sacked◆to be wrongfully fired / dismissed■fire [transitive, often passive] (NAmEorratherinformal, BrE) to officially remove sb from their job解雇；免职；开除◆We had to fire him for dishonesty.他不诚实，我们不得不开除他。◆She got fired from her first job.她第一份工作就被解雇了。◆He was responsible for hiring and firing employees.他负责招聘和辞退员工。OPPhire ⇨ employ■ˌlay sb ˈoff
phrasal verb
(laid, laid) [often passive] to stop employing sb, often for a temporary period, because there is not enough work for them to do（因工作不多而暂时）解雇◆200 workers at the factory have been laid off.工厂里已有200个工人下岗。OPPtake sb on ⇨ employ see also lay-off ⇨ unemployment■dismiss [transitive, usually passive] (ratherformal) to officially remove sb from their job解雇；免职；开除◆She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her position.她声称自己被无理解雇。ⓘ Dismiss is the preferred term used in legal contexts, especially in the phrase unfairly/wrongfully dismissed.在法律语境中一般用dismiss，尤用于短语unfairly/wrongfully dismissed（无理／非法解雇）。OPPappoint ⇨ appoint see also dismissal ⇨ unemployment■sack [transitive, often passive] (especially BrE, informal) to dismiss sb from a job, usually because they have done sth wrong（通常因其过失）解雇，炒鱿鱼◆She was sacked for refusing to work on Sundays.她因拒绝在星期天上班被炒了鱿鱼。 see also sacking ⇨ unemployment■axe (BrE) (NAmEax) [transitive, usually passive] (journalism新闻) to remove sb from their job解雇；开除◆300 jobs are to be axed at a local chemical works.当地一家化工厂要削减300个职位。◆Jones has been axed from the team.琼斯已被开除出队。ⓘ Axe is used especially in journalism when a large number of people are made redundant at the same time; it is more usual to talk about the jobs being axed, rather than the people. * axe尤用于新闻报道中，指同时解雇大批人员；axe的宾语常常是jobs，而不是人。■ˌmake sb reˈdundant
phrase
(made, made) [usually passive] (BrE) to remove sb from their job because there is no more work available for them（因没有工作可做）解雇，裁员◆She was made redundant from her job.她成为冗员而被解雇。◆A further five senior posts are to be made redundant.还有五个高级职位要被裁撤。ⓘ Officially, it is jobs or posts that become redundant, not the people who hold them; in practice it is more common to talk about people being made redundant.严格来说，变得多余、要被削减的是工作(job)或职位(post)，而非任职者；但实际上，这种说法较常用sb作宾语，且多用被动语态的sb be made redundant。 see also redundant ⇨ unemployed, redundancy ⇨ unemployment■ˌlet sb ˈgo
idiom
(letting, let, let)to make sb have to leave their job解雇；开除◆They're having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.由于利润下降他们将不得不减员100人。ⓘ Let sb go is used as a gentler way of saying fire, sack or make sb redundant. * let sb go是fire、sack或make sb redundant的较为温和的说法。■discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ; NAmEdɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ [transitive, usually passive] (ratherformal) to give sb official permission to leave a job or a position in the army; to make sb leave a job or a position in the army准许（某人）退伍；把（某人）从部队开除◆He was discharged from the army following his injury.他受伤后就退伍了。◆She was discharged from the police force for bad conduct.她因行为不轨被逐出警察队伍。 see also discharge ⇨ unemploymentnoun■ˌgive sb the ˈsack■ˌget the ˈsack
idiom
(gave, given; getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) (especially BrE, informal) to sack sb; to be sacked让某人卷铺盖；被炒鱿鱼◆I've never had to give anyone the sack.我从不用解雇人。◆He got the sack from his last job.他干上一份工作时被炒了鱿鱼。NOTE辨析 Sack or give sb the sack?Sack can sound more sudden or dramatic than give sb the sack, and is used more by journalists. Give sb the sack is more frequent in everyday spoken English.与give sb the sack相比，sack听起来较为突然或富有戏剧性，较常为新闻记者所用。give sb the sack多用于日常口语中。
free1
verb
free the passengers from the wreckage把乘客从残骸中救出free the body of tension使紧张的身体放松free ♦︎ let (sb/sth) go ♦︎ cut ♦︎ release ♦︎ disengage ♦︎ disentangleThese words all mean to stop holding sb/sth or to move them out of a place or position in which they have been trapped or held.这些词均表示使不再受困、使摆脱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to free / cut / release / disengage / disentangle sb / sth from sth◆to free / release / disengage / disentangle yourself from sth◆to free / release a passenger◆to free / let go of / release / disengage / disentangle your / sb's arm / hand◆to let go of / release a strap■free [transitive] to manage to move sb/sth that is trapped or fixed somewhere释放；使摆脱◆Three people were freed from the wreckage.有三人从残骸中被救出。◆He managed to free his arms from their bonds.他设法将双臂从捆绑中挣脱出来。◆A good kick finally freed the door.使劲一踢，门终于开了。◆ (figurative) Counselling may help you to free yourself from the past.接受心理辅导也许会帮助你走出过去的阴影。 see also free ⇨ releaseverb■ˌlet ˈgo■ˌlet sb/sth ˈgo
idiom
(letting, let, let) (often used in orders常用于命令) (especiallyspoken) to stop holding sb/sth and allow them to fall or move freely放开；松手◆Don't let go of the rope.别松开绳子。◆Let go! You're hurting me!放手！你弄疼我了！◆Let me go!放开我！ see also let sb go ⇨ releaseverb■cut(cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to free sb from somewhere by cutting the rope, object, etc. that is holding them（割断绳子、物品等）让（某人）挣脱束缚，释放◆The injured driver had to be cut from the wreckage.受伤的司机得靠切开汽车残骸才获救。◆Two survivors were cut free after being trapped for twenty minutes.两名幸存者受困二十分钟后被解救出来。■release [transitive] (ratherformal) to manage to move sb/sth that is trapped somewhere; to stop holding sth or stop it from being held so that it can move, fly or fall freely释放；放开；松开；使自由移动（或飞翔、降落）◆Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防队员花了两个小时才将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。◆He refused to release her arm.他不肯放开她的胳膊。◆10 000 balloons were released at the ceremony.典礼上放飞了1万个气球。◆ (figurative) Death released him from his suffering.死亡使他从痛苦中解脱了。 see also release ⇨ releaseverb■disengage / /ˌdɪsɪnˈgeɪdʒ/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to free sb/sth from the person or thing that is holding them/it; to become free使脱离；松开；解脱◆She gently disengaged herself from her sleeping son.她轻轻地放下怀中熟睡的儿子。◆We saw the booster rockets disengage and fall into the sea.我们看到火箭助推器脱落后坠入大海。◆ (figurative) They wished to disengage themselves from these policies.他们希望摆脱这些政策的束缚。ⓘ People often disengage themselves gently from a situation, without a lot of noise or activity. * disengage常与gently搭配，指人轻柔地从某境况中脱身，没有太大的声音或动作。■disentangle / /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋgl/ / [transitive] to free sb/sth from sth that has become wrapped or twisted around them使解开，使摆脱（包覆或缠绕）◆He tried to disentangle his fingers from her hair.他竭力将手指从她缠绕的头发中挣脱出来。
release
verb
release ♦︎ let sb go ♦︎ free ♦︎ liberate ♦︎ set sb/sth free ♦︎ ransom ♦︎ emancipate ♦︎ let sb/sth looseThese words all mean to let sb/sth leave a place where they have been kept or trapped.这些词均表示释放、放出、放走。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to release / free / liberate / set free / emancipate sb from sth◆to release / let go / free / liberate / set free / ransom a prisoner / hostage◆to finally release sb / let sb go / free sb / liberate sb◆to release / free sb on bail◆to release / free an animal / a bird into the wild■release [transitive] to let sb/sth leave prison or a place where they have been kept（从监狱或某处）释放，放出，放走◆The kidnappers have agreed to release the hostages by 12 noon.绑架者已同意中午12时释放人质。◆He was released without charge(= not charged with committing a crime) after questioning by police.他经警方审问后被免予起诉并释放了。◆She was released on bail(= after paying a sum of money to make sure she would return) by the New York police.她保释后让纽约警察当局释放了。◆The birds were cleaned and fed and released again into the wild.那些鸟儿经清洗并喂食后给放回到野外。 see also release ⇨ freeverb1▸release
noun
[uncountable, singular] ◆The government has been working to secure the release of the hostages.政府一直在努力争取，确保人质获释。◆She can expect an early release from prison.她有望早一点出狱。■ˌlet sb ˈgo
idiom
(letting, let, let) (ratherinformal) to allow sb to be free after keeping them somewhere by force for a short time（用武力短时间将某人关在某处后）放，释放◆He was beaten up quite badly before they let him go.他们狠狠打了他一顿，放他走了。◆Let me go! You're hurting me!让我走！你弄疼我了！ⓘ Let sb go is not usually used to talk about releasing ordinary criminals from prison, but it is used about hostages who have been taken prisoner illegally. * let sb go一般不指从监狱释放普通罪犯，而指释放被非法囚禁的人质。 see also let go ⇨ freeverb1■free [transitive] to let sb leave prison or a place where they have been kept by force; to let sb stop being a slave(= a person who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for them)（从监狱或某处）释放；使自由（不再为奴）◆Over 2 000 political prisoners were freed as a gesture of good will.作为善意的姿态，2 000多名政治犯被释放了。◆The starting point for emancipation was the freeing of children of slaves born after a certain date.某一具体日期后出生的奴隶子女不再为奴，这是解放奴隶的第一步。 see also free ⇨ freeadj.1, free ⇨ freeverb1■liberate / /ˈlɪbəreɪt/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to free a country or person from the control of sb else解放◆The city was liberated by the advancing army.军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。▸liberation
noun
[uncountable, singular] ◆He took part in the liberation of the occupied countries.他参加了对被占领国家的解放。■ˌset sb/sth ˈfree
phrase
(setting, set, set)to let sb leave prison or a place where they have been kept by force; to let an animal or bird go free after it has been tied up or kept in a cage（从监狱或某处）释放；放生（动物或鸟）◆Police were forced to set him free because of a lack of evidence.因为缺乏证据，警方被迫将他释放。◆Dozens of laboratory animals were set free by animal rights activists.大批用作实验的动物被动物权益保护者放生了。NOTE辨析 Release, free or set free?Free emphasizes the decision to let sb go; release emphasizes the physical act of letting sb go. A court or the government might free the prisoners; the police or prison service would release them. Set free also emphasizes the physical act of letting sb/sth go, especially in cases where this is done by force, not authority. * free强调释放的决定，release强调释放的实际行动。法院或政府决定释放囚犯用free，警察或监狱释放囚犯用release。set free也强调释放的实际行动，尤其是通过武力达成，而不是由当局批准的释放◆Rioters stormed the prison and set all the prisoners free.暴徒冲进监狱，放走了所有犯人。■ransom / /ˈrænsəm/ / [transitive] to pay money to sb so that they will release the person that they are keeping as a prisoner为⋯交付赎金◆The hostages were ransomed and returned home unharmed.交付赎金后，人质安然无恙地回到家中。▸ransom
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆The kidnappers demanded a ransom of £50 000 from his family.绑架者向他的家人索要赎金5万英镑。◆They are refusing to pay ransom for her release.他们拒绝支付赎金解救她。■emancipate / /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/ / [transitive, often passive] to free sb, especially from legal, political or social restrictions解放；使不受（法律、政治或社会的）束缚◆Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the United States.美国奴隶直到1863年才获得自由。▸emancipation
noun
[uncountable] ◆the struggle for the emancipation of women解放妇女的斗争■let sb/sth ˈloose
idiom
(letting, let, let)to let sb/sth go free, especially sb/sth that might be dangerous or cause problems让⋯自由；释放；放走（尤指可能会产生危险或导致问题的人或事物）◆Who let the dogs loose?谁把狗放出来了？◆How did such a violent criminal get to be let loose in the community?这样的暴力罪犯怎能放回社会？ see also loose ⇨ freeadj.1