| 例句 |
line noun
⇨ attitude (take a hard line on drugs) ⇨ border (state/county lines) ⇨ fold (fine lines around his eyes) ⇨ limit 2 (the fine line between helping and interfering) ⇨ pipe (a fuel/power line) ⇨ row (stand/wait in line) ⇨ scale (the line of command) ⇨ scene (the opening lines of the poem) ⇨ script (actors learn their lines) ⇨ series (She came from a long line of doctors.) ⇨ shape (the line of her jaw) ⇨ way 3 (Go in a straight line.) ⇨ out of line ⇨ unacceptable adj.line verb
⇨ surround attitude noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ view 1 另见view条第1义attitude ♦︎ view ♦︎ perspective ♦︎ point of view ♦︎ stance ♦︎ position ♦︎ outlook ♦︎ level ♦︎ line ♦︎ angle ♦︎ side ♦︎ standThese are all words for the particular way you think or feel about sb/sth. 这些词均表示态度、看法。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's view / a perspective / a stance / a position / an outlook / a line / an angle / a stand on sth◆a stance / stand against sb / sth◆from the perspective / point of view / position / angle of sb / sth◆different / various attitudes / views / perspectives / points of view / stances / positions / outlooks / levels / angles / sides◆an alternative view / perspective / point of view / position / angle◆a personal attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance / position / level / angle / stand◆the general attitude / view / perspective / point of view / position / outlook◆a popular attitude / view / perspective◆a positive / negative attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance / outlook / angle◆a sympathetic attitude / view / point of view / angle◆a critical attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance◆a practical attitude / view / perspective / point of view / outlook◆to take an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / a stance / a position / a line / a side / a stand◆to adopt an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / a stance / a position / an outlook / a line◆to have an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / an outlook / a line / an angle◆to change an attitude / your view / your perspective / your point of view / your stance / your position / your outlook / sides◆to challenge an attitude / a view / a perspective■ attitude [countable] the way that you think and feel about sb/sth; the way that you behave towards sb/sth that shows how you think and feel 态度；看法；作风◆Her attitude to her parents has always been somewhat negative.她对父母总是多少持有负面的态度。◆What is your attitude towards the job as a whole?总的来说，你对这个工作的看法怎样？◆I tend to take the attitude that it's best to leave well alone.我常有一种看法，那就是最好别掺和别人的事。◆If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your attitude.你若想通过考试就最好改变你的态度。■ view [countable, usually singular] a way of understanding or thinking about sth （理解或思维的）方式，方法◆He has a pretty optimistic view of life.他对人生的看法很乐观。◆The traditional view was that marriage was for life.传统的观念是结成夫妻就要白头到老。■ perspective / /pəˈspektɪv; NAmE pərˈspektɪv/ [countable, usually singular] a particular attitude towards an issue or problem; a particular way of thinking about sth 态度；观点；思考方法◆Try to approach the problem from a different perspective.试着从另一个角度处理这个问题。◆We need to take a global perspective on the environment.我们要从全球角度看待环境问题。■ ˌpoint of ˈview [countable] a particular way of considering or judging a situation 思考角度；判断方法◆These statistics are important from an economic point of view.从经济学角度看，这些统计数字很重要。◆The book is written from a child's point of view.这本书是以孩子的视角写的。■ stance /stæns, BrE also stɑːns/ [countable] the opinion that sb has on a particular issue that they express publicly （公开表明的）观点，态度，立场◆What's the newspaper's stance on the war?那家报纸对这场战争持什么立场？◆He's known for his anti-immigration stance.他以反移民立场著称。■ position [countable] an attitude that sb has towards a particular subject that influences how they act （影响行为的）态度，立场◆Our party's position on education is very clear.我们党对教育的态度很明确。◆The official position was that of refusing to talk to terrorists.官方立场是拒绝和恐怖分子谈判。NOTE 辨析 Stance or position?A stance can be more temporary and/or more personal than a position, in reaction to a new issue in current affairs, when it is considered necessary for public figures and newspapers to make their opinions known. A position is often more long-term and/or official and is concerned with how people or organizations act on a particular issue, rather than what they say. * stance指公众人物或报纸须对时下新问题发表看法时所持的立场。与position相比，stance多指短期的、个人的立场。position多指长期的、官方的立场，强调人或组织对特定问题的应对，而不强调其言论。■ outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ / [countable] the attitude to life and the world of a particular person or group 观点；人生观；世界观◆He has a very practical outlook on life.他的人生观很实际。◆Most western societies are liberal in outlook.西方社会大多思想观念开放。■ level [countable] a particular way of looking at, reacting to or understanding sth 看待（或应对、理解）事物的方式◆On a more personal level, I would like to thank Jean for all the help she has given me.从较为个人的角度，我要感谢琼给予我的所有帮助。◆Fables can be understood on various levels.寓言可以从不同的角度去理解。■ line [countable, usually singular] an attitude or belief, especially one that is officially supported by a government, political party or politician （尤指政府、政党或政治人物公开支持的）态度，理念◆The government took a hard line on the strike.政府对这次罢工持强硬态度。◆The MP supported the official line on education.那名议员支持官方的教育理念。◆He was expelled from the party for refusing to toe the party line (= follow the party's official opinions and policies).他因拒绝遵循党的路线而被开除出党。■ angle [countable] a particular way of thinking about or presenting a situation, problem or subject （看待问题或呈现主题的）角度，观点，立场◆We're looking for a new angle for our next advertising campaign.我们正在为下一次广告活动寻找新视角。◆The article concentrates on the human angle (= the part that concerns people's emotions) of the story.这篇文章集中讨论了故事中人物的情感问题。■ side [countable] one of the opinions, attitudes or positions taken by sb in an argument or agreement （争论或协议中）一方的观点（或态度、立场）◆You need to listen to both sides of the argument.你要听争论双方的观点。◆The other side maintains that the project will not be affordable.另一方坚持说负担不起该项目。◆Will you keep your side of the bargain?你方能不能遵守协议？■ stand [countable, usually singular] an attitude that you take publicly, usually against sth that you disapprove of （对不赞同之事公开的）态度，立场◆We need to take a tough stand on tax avoidance.我们需要在避税问题上采取强硬立场。 border noun border ♦︎ boundary ♦︎ line ♦︎ frontierThese are all words for a line that marks the edge of sth and separates it from other areas or things. 这些词均表示分界线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆across / along / on / over a / the border / boundary / line / frontier◆inside / within / beyond / outside the borders / boundaries / frontiers◆at the boundary / frontier◆the border / boundary / line / frontier between one place and another◆the border / boundary / frontier with a place◆north / south / east / west / one side / both sides of the border / boundary / line / frontier◆the northern / southern / eastern / western border / boundary / frontier◆a national / common border / boundary / frontier◆to form / mark / cross a / the border / boundary / line / frontier◆to arrive at / reach / stop at a / the border / boundary / frontier◆to share a border / boundary / frontier■ border [countable] the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line 国界；边界；边疆；边界地区◆They spent a week in a national park on the border between Kenya and Tanzania.他们在位于肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚边界的国家公园度过了一星期。◆The treaty fixed Denmark's new border with Germany.该条约确定了丹麦和德国之间新的国界线。◆I live in a small town in the US, near the Canadian border.我住在靠近加拿大边界的一个美国小镇。◆Thousands of illegal immigrants cross the border every day.每天都有数千非法移民穿越边界。■ boundary / /ˈbaʊndri/ / [countable] a line that marks the edges of an area of land and separates it from other areas 边界；界限；分界线◆After the war the national boundaries were redrawn.战后重新划定了国界。◆Three settlers were killed in a boundary dispute last week.三个移民上周在边界争端中遇害。◆The fence marked the boundary between my property and hers.那道篱笆曾是我和她的房产之间的界线。■ line [countable] a long thin mark on the ground to show the limit or border of sth, especially of a playing area in some sports; an imaginary boundary between one area of land and another; a line on a map that shows this （尤指运动场地的）界线，场界；（假想的或地图上标示的）分界线，边界线◆The ball went over the line.球出界了。◆ (BrE) The two horses crossed the finishing line together.那两匹马同时越过终点线。◆ (NAmE) the finish line终点线◆He was convicted of illegally importing weapons across state lines.他被判犯有非法越州偷运武器罪。◆Lines of longitude and latitude are marked on the map.地图上标有经线和纬线。■ frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtɪr/ [countable] (BrE) the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line 国界；边界；边疆；边境◆The river formed the frontier between the land of the Saxons and that of the Danes.这条河曾是撒克逊人与古斯堪的纳维亚人土地的分界线。◆There were very few border controls on the south-western frontier.西南边疆的边境管制极少。ⓘ The frontier [singular] is used in both British and American English to talk about the edge of land where people live and have built towns, beyond which the country is wild and unknown, especially in the Western US in the 19th century. * the frontier在英式和美式英语中均指有人居住并开发了城镇的边陲地带，以外便是荒芜的未知乡野，尤指19世纪美国西部的边远地区◆a remote frontier settlement位于荒僻边远地区的定居点◆ (figurative) Is space the final frontier?太空是最后的边疆吗？ NOTE 辨析 Which word?The point where you cross from one country to another is usually called the border. In British English it can also be called the frontier, but this is often in a context of wildness, danger and uncertainty. 国界线通常叫border，英式英语中亦称frontier，但frontier常与荒芜、危险和不确定因素联系在一起◆The rebels control the frontier and the surrounding area.叛乱分子控制了边疆一带地区。The line on a map that shows the border of a country can be called the boundary but 'boundary' is not used when you cross from one country to another. 地图上标示的国界线可叫boundary，但穿越国界不用boundary◆After the war the national boundaries were redrawn.战后重新划定了国界。◆Thousands of immigrants cross the boundary every day. Boundary is used for the borders between counties in Britain, both on the map and on the ground. 在英国，boundary既指地图上标示的郡界，也指地面上的郡界◆We crossed the county boundary into Devon.我们越过郡界进入德文了。States and counties in the US are separated by lines but 'line' is not used for national borders. 在美国，州界和县界用line，但国界不用line◆crossing state / county lines跨越州界／县界◆national lines Boundary can also be a physical line between two places, for example between property belonging to two different people, marked by a fence or wall. * boundary亦可指两地间有形的分界线，如用篱笆或墙隔开分属于两个人的土地分界线◆the boundary fence / wall between the properties地产间的篱笆／墙分界线 fold noun fold ♦︎ wrinkle ♦︎ line ♦︎ creaseThese are all words for a line on fabric or on sb's skin. 这些词均表示织物上的皱褶或人皮肤上的皱纹。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a fold / crease in sth◆a wrinkle / line on sth◆wrinkles / lines / creases around the / sb's eyes / mouth◆deep folds / wrinkles / lines / creases◆fine wrinkles / lines◆a neat fold / crease◆to have wrinkles / lines / creases◆to get wrinkles / lines◆wrinkles / lines appear / form■ fold [countable] a part of sth, especially fabric, that is folded or hangs as if it had been folded; a mark or line made by folding sth, or showing where sth should be folded 褶；褶痕；褶线◆The child hid his face in the folds of his mother's skirt.那孩子把脸埋在他妈妈的裙褶里。◆the loose folds of flesh under her chin她颏下松垂的肉褶◆Why is the place I want to find always on the fold of the map?为什么我想找的地方总是在地图的褶缝上？■ wrinkle / /ˈrɪŋkl/ / [countable, usually plural] a line or small fold in your skin, especially on your face, that forms as you get older; a small fold that you do not want in a piece of fabric or paper （尤指脸上的）皱纹；（织物或纸上的）皱褶，皱痕◆There were fine wrinkles around her eyes.她眼角上出现了细细的鱼尾纹。◆Is there anything you can do to prevent wrinkles?你有什么防止起皱的办法吗?▸ wrinkled adjective ◆She kissed his wrinkled face.她吻了他满是皱纹的脸。NOTE 辨析 Fold or wrinkle? Fold is more frequently used about fabric; wrinkle is more frequently used about skin. Folds in fabric are tidy or are made deliberately; wrinkles are usually unwanted, and appear because you have not ironed, folded or hung fabric properly or tidily. * fold多指织物的皱褶，wrinkle多指皮肤的皱纹。fold指织物上整齐的或是有意做出来的褶、褶层，wrinkles通常指织物上因为没有熨平、叠整齐或挂好而出现的难看的皱褶、皱痕◆I arranged the cloth so that it hung in neat folds.我把布叠好，这样挂起来就会有整齐的褶子。◆While she was waiting, she anxiously smoothed out the wrinkles in her skirt.她一边等待，一边焦虑地弄平裙子上的皱褶。 Wrinkles in the skin are thin lines; folds in sb's skin or flesh are fatter and occur because the person has loose skin, or because they are overweight. * wrinkle指皮肤上的细纹，fold指因皮肤松弛或体重超标而出现在皮肤或肉上的较厚大的褶子。 ■ line [countable, usually plural] a mark like a line on sb's skin that people usually get as they grow older 皱纹；褶子◆He has fine lines around his eyes.他的眼角上有细细的鱼尾纹。◆laughter / frown / worry lines笑纹；眉心纹；愁纹ⓘ A line in sb's skin may be thinner or less deep than a wrinkle, but in many cases you can use either word. 与wrinkle相比，line指皮肤上较细、较浅的皱纹。但在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。▸ lined adjective ◆a deeply lined face布满深深皱纹的脸■ crease / /kriːs/ / [countable] a line that is made in fabric or paper when you press, crush or fold it; a line in the skin, especially on the face （织物或纸上的）褶痕，皱痕；（尤指脸上的）皱纹◆She smoothed the creases out of her skirt.她把裙子上的皱褶抚平。◆trousers with a sharp crease in the legs裤线笔挺的裤子◆She had lots of deep creases at the corners of her eyes.她的眼角上有许多深深的皱纹。ⓘ Crease is more often used about fabric or paper than about skin. It can be an untidy line, that appears when you press or crush fabric or paper, or it can be a neat line that you make in sth, for example when you fold it. * crease多指织物或纸上的褶痕而非皮肤上的皱纹。它可以是织物或纸上因为受压而产生的不整齐的皱痕，或是通过折叠等有意做出来的整齐的褶线◆He ironed out the creases in his shirt.他把他衬衫上的皱褶熨平。◆My mother always irons creases into my trousers.我母亲总是把我的裤子熨出裤线。 see also crease ⇨ crumple verb ▸ crease verb [transitive, intransitive] ◆A frown creased her forehead.她一皱眉，额头显出了皱纹。◆Her face creased into a smile.她的脸上露出了微笑。▸ creased adjective ◆I can't wear this blouse. It's creased.我不能穿这件衬衫，它皱了。 limit2 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ line ♦︎ boundary ♦︎ parameter ♦︎ bounds ♦︎ frontier ♦︎ confines ♦︎ borderlineThese are all words for the edge of an area of thought, behaviour or possibility, or the division between one area of thought, etc. and another. 这些词均表示思想、行为或可能性的限度、界限或分界线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the line / boundary / borderline between sth and sth else◆beyond the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers / confines of sth◆within the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆outside the limits / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆at the limits / boundaries / frontiers / borderline of sth◆on the boundary / borderline between / of sth◆to extend the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers of sth◆to set / define / establish the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds of sth◆to cross the boundary / borderline between / of sth■ limit [countable] the point at which sth stops being possible or existing 限度；极限◆There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。◆There is no limit to what we can achieve.我们可实现的目标是没有极限的。◆Our finances have been stretched to the limit.我们的财力已经消耗殆尽。◆She pushed me to the limit of my abilities.她把我推到了能力的极限。◆She knew the limits of her power.她知道自己的权限。■ line [countable] the division between one area of thought or behaviour and another （思想或行为的）界限，分界线◆We want to cut across lines of race, sex and religion.我们想超越种族、性别和宗教的界限。◆There is a fine line between showing interest in what someone is doing and interfering in it.关心别人正在做的事情和插手其中之间存在着细微的差别。◆There is no clear dividing line between what is good and what is bad.好事与坏事之间没有明显的分界线。■ boundary / /baʊndri/ / [countable] something that marks the limits or edges of one area of thought or behaviour and/or separates it from another （思想或行为的）边界，界限，分界线◆It is up to the teacher to set the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.划清可为与不可为之间的界限是老师的职责。◆Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human knowledge.科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。NOTE 辨析 Line or boundary?A line between two areas of thought or behaviour is sth that exists and often needs to be judged carefully. A boundary does not just exist: it has to be decided by sb. * line指两种思想或行为之间现存的、而且经常需要仔细判断的界限；boundary不仅是现存的，而且是必须由某人来规定的界限◆no clear dividing boundary ◆a fine boundary between ◆It is up to the teacher to set the line... Boundary often directs your attention to what lies within the boundaries, which mark the edge of what you are considering: you can push back/extend the boundaries of sth but not◆push back/extend the lines * boundary常把人的注意力引向界限内的东西，这就限定了考虑的范围。可以说push back/extend the boundaries of sth，但不说push back/extend the lines。 ■ parameter / /pəˈræmɪtə(r)/ / [countable, usually plural] (formal) something that marks the limits of what you are considering or how sth can be done 规范；范围◆We need to define the parameters of this debate.我们需要为这次辩论设定规范。◆We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.我们必须在设定的范围内工作。■ bounds / /baʊndz/ / [plural] (rather formal) the accepted or furthest limits of sth 限制范围；极限◆Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.公共开支必须控制在合理的范围内。◆It was not beyond the bounds of possibility that they would meet again one day.他们有一天会再度相遇，这不是没有可能。◆His enthusiasm knew no bounds (= was very great).他的热情无比高涨。■ frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtɪr/ [countable, usually plural] the limits of what is known about sth or what sb/sth can do 学科的尖端；权力的边缘◆This research programme aims to push back the frontiers of science.本科研项目力争开拓科学前沿。■ confines /ˈkɒnfaɪnz; NAmE ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/ [plural] (formal) a limited amount of space within walls or other barriers; the limits of what is known, allowed or possible in a situation （墙壁等围成的）范围；界限；边界◆He spent three years within the narrow confines of the prison.他在狭小的监狱里度过了三年时间。◆She wanted to experience things outside the close confines of family life.她想体验一些超出家庭小圈子的事情。 see also confine sb/sth to sth ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth NOTE 辨析 Frontiers or confines? Confines emphasizes how little space, knowledge etc. there is; frontiers emphasizes how much knowledge there is and how it is increasing. * confines强调空间或知识等范围的狭窄，frontier强调知识的多少以及如何增长。■ borderline [countable] the division between two qualities or conditions （两种特质或状况之间的）分界线◆The biography sometimes crosses the borderline between fact and fiction.这部传记有时混淆了事实与虚构的分界线。 see also borderline ⇨ vague adj. pipe noun pipe ♦︎ tube ♦︎ pipeline ♦︎ hose ♦︎ line ♦︎ duct ♦︎ mainThese are all words for a long hollow object that is used for transporting liquid or gas from one place to another. 这些词均表示管子、管道。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆through a pipe / tube / pipeline / hose / duct◆a plastic / metal pipe / tube / hose◆a rubber tube / hose◆an underground pipe / pipeline / duct◆a gas pipe / pipeline / duct / main◆an oil pipe / pipeline■ pipe [countable, uncountable] a long round hollow object through which liquid or gas can be transported from one place to another 管子；管道◆Insulation may reduce the risk of water pipes bursting in winter.使用绝缘材料能降低冬天水管冻裂的危险。◆The car's exhaust pipe was blocked with snow.汽车的排气管被雪堵住了。◆All the old lead pipes were replaced with plastic and copper.所有的老铅管都用塑料管和铜管取代了。◆Copper pipe is sold in lengths.铜管按长度出售。▸ pipe verb [transitive] ◆Water is piped from the reservoir to the city.水通过管道从水库输送到城市。■ tube [countable] a narrow pipe made of metal, plastic, rubber or glass; a hollow object in the shape of a pipe or tube （金属、塑料或玻璃制成的）管，管子；管状物◆He had to be fed through a feeding tube for several months.他几个月来一直得靠胃管进食。◆The documents were rolled up in a cardboard tube.文件卷起来放进了硬纸管。◆The bike's inner tube was punctured in several places.自行车内胎有几处扎破了。NOTE 辨析 Pipe or tube? Pipe emphasizes the function: to transport liquid or gas. Tube emphasizes the shape: long, thin and hollow. Pipes are often longer, thicker and more rigid (= not able to bend) than tubes, although this is not always the case. * pipe强调管道输送液体或气体的功能，tube强调管子长、窄、空的形状。pipe常比tube要长、粗和坚硬，但也有例外。■ pipeline [countable] / /ˈpaɪplaɪn/ / a series of pipes that are used for carrying large quantities of oil, water or gas over long distances, often underground （通常指地下的）输油管道，供水管道，输气管道◆There are plans to lay a gas pipeline through the region.计划在这个地区铺设输气管道。■ hose /həʊz; NAmE hoʊz/ [countable, uncountable] a long narrow tube, usually made of material such as rubber or plastic that bends easily, used for putting water onto fires or gardens （灭火、浇花等用的）橡皮管，塑料管，水龙带◆The firefighters trained their hoses on the burning building.消防员把水龙带对准着火的大楼。◆a fire / garden hose消防用水龙带；浇花用软管◆a length of hose一段软管▸ hose verb [transitive] ◆Firefighters hosed the burning car.消防员用水龙带向着火的汽车喷水。■ line [countable] a narrow pipe that carries liquid or gas from one place or part of a machine to another; a thick cable that carries electricity to buildings, towns and cities （输送液体或气体的）管道；（输电）线路◆Disconnect the fuel line from the top of the pump.从油泵上端切断输油管道。◆Take care when working near overhead power lines.在架空输电线附近工作时要小心。■ duct [countable] a large pipe or enclosed channel for carrying liquid, gas, air or cables （传送液体、气体、空气或容纳电缆的）管子，管道◆They managed to get out of the building by crawling through a ventilation duct.他们设法顺着通风管道爬出了大楼。■ main [countable] a large pipe that carries water or gas to a building; a large cable that carries electricity to a building; a large pipe that carries waste water and sewage (= human waste) away from a building （通往建筑物的）主管道，输电干线；（建筑物的）污水总管道◆The area was evacuated after the discovery of a leaking gas main.发现煤气总管道泄漏后，这个地区的人被疏散。 row / /rəʊ; NAmE roʊ/ noun row ♦︎ line ♦︎ queue ♦︎ rank ♦︎ cordon ♦︎ file ♦︎ columnThese are all words for a number of people or things all standing next to each other or one behind the other. 这些词均表示一排、一列、一行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a row / line / queue / rank / file / column of sb / sth◆in a row / (a) line / a queue / file / a column◆a row / line / queue of people◆a line / queue of traffic◆(an) orderly row / line / queue / ranks◆to form a line / queue / cordon◆to join a line / queue◆a line / queue / cordon forms■ row [countable] a number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line; a number of objects arranged in a line; a line of seats in a theatre, cinema, etc. 一排；一列；一行；（剧院、电影院等的）一排座位◆a row of children / houses / trees一排儿童／房屋／树木◆We sat in a row at the back of the room.我们在屋子的后面坐成一排。◆The vegetables were planted in neat rows.蔬菜种得整整齐齐。◆Let's sit in the back row.我们坐在最后一排吧。◆Our seats are five rows from the front.我们的座位在前面第五排。■ line [countable] a row of people or things next to each other or behind each other 排；行；列◆The children all stood in a line.孩子们全都站成一排。◆They were stuck in a line of traffic.他们塞在汽车长龙里面了。◆We had to stand / wait in line for hours to get tickets.我们必须站队／排队等候数小时才能买到票。◆A line formed at each teller window.银行每个出纳员的窗口前都排起了队。▸ ˌline ˈup, ˌline sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb ◆Line up, children!孩子们，列队排好！◆The suspects were lined up against the wall.这些嫌疑人靠墙站成一排。NOTE 辨析 Row or line?People or things that are in a row are next to each other from side to side; people or things that are in a line can be next to each other from side to side, but are more often one behind the other from front to back. A row is often more permanent than a line. * row指人或事物横着排成一排，line可指人或事物横着排成一排，但更常指竖着排成一列。row常指比line更持久的排列◆a row of houses / shops / buildings一排房屋／店铺／建筑People or vehicles in a row are not moving or waiting for anything; people or vehicles in a line usually are. * row可指人或车辆排成一列没有移动或在等待，line则可指人或车辆虽排成一行，但通常是移动中的◆a row of parked cars一行停着的汽车◆There was a line of traffic waiting at the lights.一队车辆在等交通信号灯。 ■ queue /kjuː/ / [countable] (BrE) a line of people, cars, etc. waiting for sth or to do sth （人、汽车等的）队，行列◆I had to join a queue for the toilets.我只得排队等着上厕所。◆There was a queue of traffic waiting to turn right.有一队车辆等着右转弯。▸ queue verb [intransitive] ◆ (BrE) We had to queue up for an hour for the tickets.我们只得排一个小时的队买票。◆Queue here for taxis.等出租车在这里排队。NOTE 辨析 Line or queue?If you are waiting for sth, the usual word in British English is queue; in American English use line. To line up is to form a line; to be in a line, waiting for sth is to stand/wait in line in American English, or to queue or queue up in British English. 等候的队列在英式英语中常用queue，在美式英语中用line。line up指排成一队。排队等候在美式英语中用stand/wait in line，在英式英语中用queue或queue up。■ rank [countable, usually plural] a row of soldiers or police standing next to each other; a row of people or things （士兵或警察的）队列，行列；排；行；列◆They watched as ranks of marching infantry passed the window.他们看着步兵列队从窗前走过。◆They fired at random into the enemy ranks.他们向敌人的队列随意开火。◆massed ranks of spectators聚集起来的旁观者的行列◆There were ranks of trestle tables piled high with food.一排排搁板桌上食物堆得高高的。■ cordon /ˈkɔːdn; NAmE ˈkɔːrdn/ [countable] a line or ring of police officers, soldiers, etc. guarding sth or stopping people from entering or leaving a place （由警察、士兵等组成的）警戒线，封锁线◆Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon.示威群众试图冲破警察的封锁线。 see also cordon sth off ⇨ separate verb 2 ■ file [countable] a line of people or things, one behind the other 一路纵队◆They made their way in single file along the cliff path.他们一个接着一个沿悬崖上的小径前进。ⓘ In this meaning file is most often used in the phrase in single file. 表达此义时，file最常用于短语in single file。▸ file verb [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) ◆The doors of the museum opened and the visitors began to file in.博物馆开门了，参观者鱼贯而入。■ column [countable] (rather formal, especially written) a long, moving line of people or vehicles （人或车辆排队移动的）长列，纵队◆a long column of troops and tanks部队和坦克的长列纵队 scale noun scale ♦︎ hierarchy ♦︎ ladder ♦︎ line ♦︎ the rankings ♦︎ pecking orderThese are all words for a range of levels that increase in size, importance, price, etc. 这些词均表示等级、级别、排名。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order◆on a / the scale / ladder◆up / down the ladder / line / pecking order◆the social scale / hierachy / ladder◆to move up the scale / hierarchy / ladder / rankings / pecking order◆to be at the top / bottom of the scale / hierarchy / ladder / rankings / pecking order◆high / higher / low / lower in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order◆sb's / sth's position / place in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order■ scale [countable] a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth; the set of all the different levels of sth, from the lowest to the highest 等级；级别；等级体系◆a salary / pay scale薪水／工资等级◆Please see the attached sheet for our scale of fees.我们的分级收费标准请参见附页。◆Benefits are paid on a sliding scale (= the amount you get might change), according to your income.福利费是根据收入的高低按浮动费率制发放的。◆How would you judge our service on a scale of one to ten (= one being the lowest mark and ten being the highest)?按一到十级，您如何评价我们的服务？◆Farm workers were always considered to be low down on the social scale.农场工人总被认为处于社会等级的底层。■ hierarchy /ˈhaɪərɑːki; NAmE ˈhaɪərɑːrki/ [countable, uncountable] a system, especially in a society or organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from the highest to the lowest （尤指社会或组织的）等级制度◆She's fairly high up in the management hierarchy.她位居管理层要职。◆At the bottom of the corporate hierarchy are part-time low-paid workers.低薪兼职员工处于公司的最底层。■ ladder [countable, usually singular] a series of stages by which you can make progress, especially in a career or organization （尤指事业或机构中晋升的）阶梯，途径◆How quickly you move up the career ladder depends largely on your level of commitment.你在事业阶梯上晋升的快慢主要取决于你对工作的投入程度。◆She was not interested in climbing the corporate ladder.她无意在公司里往上爬。■ line [countable, usually singular] a series of people in order of importance 一系列按重要性排列的人◆Who do you think is next in line for promotion?你认为谁会是下一个获得晋升的人？◆He is second in line to the throne.他是王位的第二继承人。◆Orders are usually passed down through the line of command.指令通常按职级逐层下达。■ the rankings [plural] an official list showing the best players in a particular sport in order of how successful they are （某项体育运动的）最佳运动员排名表◆He is currently 16th in the world rankings.目前他的世界排名是第16位。◆The team has worked its way slowly up the rankings.这个队的排名一直在缓慢上升。■ ˈpecking order [countable, usually singular] (informal) idiom the order of importance of sb/sth in relation to the others in a group 等级排序◆Dogs high up in the pecking order are often the most aggressive.在等级排序中靠前的狗通常都最具攻击性。◆They insist there is no pecking order within the team.他们坚称队内没有等级排序。 scene noun scene ♦︎ passage ♦︎ line ♦︎ extract ♦︎ excerpt ♦︎ clip ♦︎ snatch ♦︎ readingThese are all words for a short section of a work, such as a book, film or piece of music. 这些词均表示书、电影或音乐等的片段。NOTE 辨析 Compare the words in this entry with the words in the entry for section. These words generally refer to literature, films and music. The words in the section entry generally refer to factual, legal or technical documents. 把本组词汇与section条中的词汇相比较可知，本组词汇一般指文学、电影和音乐，而section条中的词汇一般指事实性、法律或技术文本。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a scene / a passage / a line / an extract / an excerpt / a clip / snatches / a reading from sth◆a line / an extract / a clip / snatches of sth◆a long scene / passage / extract◆a short scene / passage / extract / excerpt / clip◆(a) brief scene / passage / extract / clip / snatches◆the opening scene / passage / line◆a famous scene / passage / line◆to read / quote a passage / a line / an extract◆to publish a passage / an extract / an excerpt◆a passage / an extract / an excerpt / a reading is taken from sth (e.g. a book)◆sth includes passages / extracts / excerpts / clips■ scene [countable] a part of a film, play or book in which the action happens in one place or is of one particular type （电影、戏剧或书中的）镜头，场面，片段◆The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.影片开头一幕发生在纽约的一套公寓里。◆I got nervous before my big scene (= the one where I have a very important part).我演那场重头戏之前很紧张。◆The film contains some minor sex scenes.这部影片中有少量床上戏。■ passage [countable] a short section from a piece of writing or music, sometimes separated from the whole （文章或音乐的）章节，段落；乐段◆Read the following passage and answer the questions below.阅读下面这段文章并回答后面的问题。◆His fifteenth symphony quotes a famous passage from the William Tell Overture.他的第十五交响曲引用了《威廉•退尔》序曲中的一个著名乐段。■ line [countable] a row of words written on a page or the empty space where they can be written; a row of words in a poem or song 字行；诗行；歌词◆Look at line 5 of the text.看正文第5行。◆Write the title of your essay on the top line.把文章的标题写在首行。◆I can only remember the first two lines of that song.我只记得那首歌的头两句歌词。■ extract / /ˈekstrækt/ / [countable] a short section from a piece of writing or music, especially one that gives you an idea of what the whole thing is like （文章或音乐的）摘录，选录，节录◆The following extract is taken from her new novel.下面一段摘自她的新小说。■ excerpt /ˈeksɜːpt; NAmE ˈeksɜːrpt/ [countable] an extract （文章或音乐的）摘录，选录，节录◆The show features excerpts from classic jazz recordings.这场演出的特色是会呈现一些经典爵士乐唱片的作品选段。NOTE 辨析 Extract or excerpt? Extract is used more often when talking about a piece of writing; excerpt is used more often when talking about a piece of music. An excerpt from a piece of writing is often shorter than an extract. In a report or academic text, where passages of text are included and given numbers, extract is used. * extract更常指文章的摘录，excerpt更常指音乐的片段。表示文章的摘录时excerpt常比extract短。报告或学术文本中用数字编号的摘录要用extract◆Extract 15 illustrates the importance of careful planning.选文15说明认真制订计划的重要性。◆Excerpt 15 illustrates the importance of careful planning. ■ clip [countable] a short part of a film that is shown separately 电影片段◆Here is a clip from her latest movie.这是她的最新电影的片段。■ snatch [countable] (informal) a very small part of a conversation or piece of music that you hear, especially by chance （尤指偶然听到的）只言片语，音乐片段◆I only caught snatches of the conversation.我只听到了谈话的只言片语。◆I heard a snatch of music coming from the bar.我听到酒吧里传来一段音乐。■ reading [countable] a short section from a book that is read aloud, especially a section from the Bible as part of a religious service （从书中节选的）朗诵片段；（尤指在宗教仪式中朗读的）《圣经》章节◆The reading today is from the Book of Daniel.今天朗读的经文选自《但以理书》。◆He was invited to give a poetry reading as part of the literary festival.他应邀在文学节上表演诗朗诵。 script noun script ♦︎ text ♦︎ manuscript ♦︎ line ♦︎ lyrics ♦︎ score ♦︎ screenplay ♦︎ librettoThese words all mean the written form of sth such as a speech, a play or a piece of music. 这些词均表示演讲稿、剧本或乐谱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the script / text / manuscript / line / lyrics / score / screenplay / libretto◆the original / full script / text / manuscript / score◆a film script / score / screenplay◆to write a script / the text / a manuscript / the line / the lyrics / the score / a screenplay / a libretto◆to read the script / text / manuscript / line / lyrics / score / screenplay◆the script / text / lyrics / screenplay is / are based on sth■ script / /skrɪpt/ / [countable] the written form of a film, play, broadcast or speech （电影或戏剧的）剧本；广播稿；演讲稿◆That line isn't in the original script.原剧本中没有那句台词。▸ script verb [transitive, often passive] ◆The series was scripted to appeal to an international audience.这部连续剧的剧本是为吸引国际观众而写的。■ text [countable] the exact written form of a speech, a play or an article 演讲稿；剧本；文稿◆The newspaper had printed the full text of the president's speech.报纸上刊登了总统演讲的全文。◆Can you act out this scene without referring to the text?你不看剧本能演这场戏吗？ see also text ⇨ book , text ⇨ literature ■ manuscript / /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/ / [countable] the original copy of a book, a play, an article or a piece of music before it is printed （书、剧本、文章或乐谱的）手稿，原稿◆I read her plays in manuscript.我读过她一些剧本的原稿。◆an unpublished manuscript未经发表的手稿■ line [countable] the words spoken by an actor in a play or film （戏剧或电影的）台词，对白◆a line from the film 'Casablanca'电影《卡萨布兰卡》里的一句对白◆to study / learn your lines背诵台词■ lyrics / /ˈlɪrɪks/ / [countable, plural] the words of a song 歌词◆music and lyrics by Rodgers and Hart由罗杰斯和哈特作曲作词■ score [countable] the written or printed form of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to play or what each voice is to sing 总谱◆an orchestral score管弦乐总谱▸ score verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆The piece is scored for violin, viola and cello.这个乐谱是为小提琴、中提琴和大提琴演奏而写的。■ screenplay / /ˈskriːnpleɪ/ / [countable] the words that are written for a film, together with instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed 电影剧本◆She won an Oscar for the movie's screenplay.她的电影剧本得过奥斯卡奖。■ libretto /lɪˈbretəʊ; NAmE lɪˈbretoʊ/ (plural librettos or libretti) [countable] (music 音乐) the words that are sung or spoken in an opera or musical (= a play or film in which the story is told using songs) （歌剧或音乐剧的）剧本，歌词◆The collection contains hundreds of Italian opera librettos.该选集收录了数百个意大利歌剧剧本。 series noun series ♦︎ sequence ♦︎ order ♦︎ chain ♦︎ string ♦︎ succession ♦︎ catalogue ♦︎ chronology ♦︎ lineThese are all words for a number of events, things or people of a similar kind that come one after the other. 这些词均表示一连串同类的事件、事物或人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a series / sequence / chain / string / succession / catalogue / chronology / line of sth◆in a / an (...) series / sequence / order / string◆in sequence / order (of sth) / succession◆out of sequence / order◆a whole series / sequence / string / succession / catalogue◆a / an long / endless / continuous / unbroken series / sequence / chain / string / succession / line◆a random series / sequence / order / string◆a series / sequence / chain / string / succession / chronology of events◆a series / string / catalogue of errors◆a series / sequence / string of numbers / letters◆the first / last / latest in a series / sequence / string / succession / line■ series (plural series) [countable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other 一系列，一连串（相似的事件或事物）◆This is the first in a series of articles about rock 'n' roll legends.这是关于摇滚乐传奇系列文章的首篇。◆The shooting was the latest in a series of violent attacks in the city.这次枪击事件是该市发生的一系列暴力袭击事件的最新一起。■ sequence / /ˈsiːkwəns/ / [countable, uncountable] a set of events, actions or numbers that follow one another in a particular order and which lead to a particular result; the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in 一系列，一连串（事件、行动或数字）；顺序；次序◆The novel contains a long dream sequence (= describing a dream).这部小说中有很长一串梦境描写。◆Put these numbers into the correct sequence.把这些数字按正确的顺序排列起来。◆The computer generates a random sequence of numbers.计算机随机生成一串数字。◆The papers were all out of sequence.这些文件排错了次序。NOTE 辨析 Series or sequence?A series of things is usually a set of individual items; although similar in some way, each one is a distinct example of sth, different from the others. A series of things does not have to be in any logical order, but a sequence of things probably will be. Sequence usually suggests that each event, action or number is connected in some way to the previous one. * a series of表示一系列独立个体，尽管它们在某些方面相似，但每一个体都有自身特点，有别于其他个体。series中的事物不必按逻辑顺序排列，而sequence中的事物则很可能存在顺序。sequence通常意味着每个事件、行动或数字与前面一个存在着某种联系。■ order [uncountable, countable] the way in which a number of people or things are placed or arranged in relation to each other, that decides what comes first, what comes second, etc. （人或事物的）顺序，次序◆The names are listed in alphabetical order.这些姓名是按字母顺序排列的。◆We will deal with cases in order of importance.我们将按重要性排序依次处理这些案件。◆Winners are announced in reverse order.获胜者是从后到前依次宣布的。◆The information is given in no particular order.信息的发布没有特定的顺序。ⓘ The emphasis with order is on the system used to arrange things, rather than the set of things themselves. * order强调的是事物的排列方法，而不是这些事物本身。 see also order ⇨ rank verb ■ chain [countable] a series of connected things or people, especially when they lead to a particular result 一系列，一连串（人或事物）◆I was next in the chain of command (= a system by which instructions are passed from one person to another).我处在指挥系统的下一级。◆Middlemen are important links in the chain.中间人是关系链中的重要环节。◆Volunteers formed a human chain to pass buckets of water to each other.志愿者排成一条长龙，逐个把水桶传过去。ⓘ The collocates of chain in this meaning bring to mind the literal meaning of the word. Collocates include link, break and unbroken. 表达此义时，chain与某些词搭配会让人联想到该搭配词的字面含义。这些搭配词有link、break和unbroken。■ string [countable] a series of similar things or people that come closely one after the other or are found close together 一系列；一连串；一批◆He retired after a string of chart hits in the 1980s.20世纪80年代他的唱片歌曲多次登上每周排行榜，之后他便退出乐坛了。◆The company owns a string of casinos in Nevada.该公司在内华达拥有好多个赌场。ⓘ You talk about a string of things to emphasize the fact that there are a lot of them. * a string of强调某物的数量多。■ succession / /səkˈseʃn/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a series of people or things that follow each other in time or order; the regular pattern of one thing following another 一连串，一系列（人或事物）；交替；更迭◆She was cared for by a succession of nannies.连续有好几个保姆照看过她。◆The team lost the final six years in succession.这个队连续六年在决赛中落败。◆They won several games in quick succession.他们接连赢了几场比赛。ⓘ You talk about a succession of things to emphasize the fact that one thing follows after another, without a break or interruption. * a succession of强调事物连续出现，中间没有间断或停顿。■ catalogue (NAmE also catalog) /ˈkætəlɒg; NAmE ˈkætəlɔːg, ˈkætəlɑːg/ [countable, usually singular] (always followed by of 总是后接of) (especially BrE) a long series of things that happen, especially bad things 一连串（尤指糟糕的事）◆What followed was a whole catalogue of disasters.随之发生的是接二连三的灾难。◆Child protection officers uncovered a catalogue of cruelty and abuse.儿童保护专员发现了一连串虐待儿童的事件。■ chronology /krəˈnɒlədʒi; NAmE krəˈnɑːlədʒi/ [uncountable, countable] the order in which a series of events happened; a list of these events in order 按事件发生日期排列的顺序；年表◆Historians seem to have confused the chronology of these events.历史学家好像把这些事件发生的年代顺序搞混了。◆At the front of the book is a chronology of the artist's life.在这本书的前部有这位艺术家的生平年表。ⓘ The emphasis with chronology is on when each event happened in relation to the other events. * chronology强调彼此相关的事件的发生时间。■ line [countable, usually singular] a series of people, things or events that follow one another in time 按时间顺序排列的人（或物、事件）；家系；家族◆She came from a long line of doctors (= there were many doctors in her family in the past).她来自一个医生世家。◆Property was passed down through the male line (= through the males in the family).财产通过父系代代相传。◆The novel is the latest in a long line of thrillers that he has written.这部小说是他写的系列惊险小说中最新的一部。 see also lineage ⇨ family 3 shape noun shape ♦︎ figure ♦︎ form ♦︎ shadow ♦︎ outline ♦︎ profile ♦︎ silhouette ♦︎ line ♦︎ contourThese are all words for the physical form or appearance of sb/sth, especially the shape of the outer edges of sb/sth. 这些词均表示人或物体的体形、外形、轮廓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in shape / form / outline / profile / silhouette◆a tall shape / figure / form / shadow / silhouette◆a slender shape / figure / form◆a black / dark shape / figure / shadow / outline / profile / silhouette◆a shadowy shape / figure / form / outline◆a ghostly shape / figure / form / shadow◆(a) sleek shape / outline / profile / lines◆(a) sharp outline / lines / contours◆to make out / see a shape / a figure / a form / an outline / a silhouette◆to trace a shape / an outline / the line / the contours■ shape [countable, uncountable] the form of the outer edges or surfaces of sth; an example of sth that has a particular form; a person or thing that is difficult to see clearly 形状；外形；呈某种形状的事物；模糊的影子◆The building has a rectangular shape.这座建筑呈长方形。◆The pool was in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。◆The island was originally circular in shape.这个岛原先为圆形。◆Candles come in all shapes and sizes.蜡烛有各种形状和尺寸。◆You can recognize the fish by the shape of their fins.你可以根据鳍的形状来辨认这种鱼。◆This old T-shirt has completely lost its shape.这件旧T恤衫已经穿得完全走样了。■ figure [countable] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly （远处的人的）轮廓；（隐约可见的）人影◆There before him stood a tall figure in black.站在他面前的是一个穿黑衣的高个子。 see also figure ⇨ body 1 ■ form [countable] the shape of sb/sth; a person or thing of which only the shape can be seen 形状；体形；（模糊的）外形，人影◆Her slender form and graceful movements entranced him.她那苗条的身段和优雅的动作使他着迷。◆The human form has changed little over the last 30 000 years.3万多年以来，人的体形没有多大变化。◆They made out a shadowy form in front of them.他们隐约看见前面有个模糊人影。 see also form ⇨ form noun 1 ■ shadow [countable] a dark shape that sb/sth's form makes on a surface, for example on the ground, when they are between the light and the surface 阴影；影子◆The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows.孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，玩得很开心。◆The ship's sail cast a shadow on the water.船帆在水面上投下一片影子。◆The shadows lengthened as the sun went down.随着太阳西下，影子越拉越长。 see also shadow ⇨ darkness ■ outline / /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ / [countable] the line that goes around the edge of sth, showing its main shape but not the details 轮廓（线）◆At last we could see the dim outline of an island.我们终于能看到一座小岛朦胧的轮廓了。 see also outline ⇨ summary ■ profile / /ˈprəʊfaɪl; NAmE ˈproʊfaɪl/ [countable] the outline of a person's face when you look from the side, not the front 面部的侧影；侧面轮廓◆He turned his head so his strong profile was facing the camera.他转过头去，于是他那轮廓清晰的侧影就正对着镜头了。◆The portrait shows her in profile.这幅画像展现了她的侧面轮廓。■ silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/ / [countable, uncountable] the dark outline or shape of a person or object that you see against a light background; the shape of a person's body or an object （浅色背景衬托出的）暗色轮廓；（人的）体形；（物体的）形状◆The trees were black silhouettes against the pale sky.灰色天空映衬出树木的黑色轮廓。◆The mountains stood out in silhouette.群山的轮廓衬托了出来。◆The dress is fitted to give you a flattering silhouette.这件连衣裙的裁剪可以令你显得身段优美。■ line [countable] the edge, outline or shape of sth, especially sth that has been designed or created （尤指设计或创造出的物体的）边线，轮廓线，形体，形状◆With its sleek lines and powerful engine, the XK8 is the definition of a luxury sports car.XK8跑车线条流畅、动力强劲，堪称豪华跑车之典范。◆He traced the line of her jaw with his finger.他用手指抚摸她下巴的外缘。■ contour /ˈkɒntʊə(r); NAmE ˈkɑːntʊr/ [countable] (written) the outer edges of sth; the outline of its shape or form 外形；轮廓◆The road follows the natural contours of the coastline.这条路沿着海岸线的自然轮廓延伸。 way3 noun in a friendly way 以友好的方式the easiest way to do it 做这事最简便的方法the quickest way home 最快的回家之路way ♦︎ route ♦︎ direction ♦︎ line ♦︎ path ♦︎ orbit ♦︎ course ♦︎ bearingThese are all words for the road, or piece of land, water or air that you travel on, across or through in order to get somewhere. 这些词均表示道路、路线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a way / route / path / course to sth◆a / the way / route / line / path / course from...to...◆a / the way / route / line / path / course through / along / across sth◆on the way / route / path◆in sb / sth's way / line / path◆in the direction / line / path of sth◆the right / wrong way / route / direction / path / course◆the shortest way / route / line / path / course◆the quickest way / route◆a straight line / path / course◆the opposite / other way / direction◆a direct way / route / line / path / course◆to follow a way / a route / a line / a path / an orbit / a course◆to take a way / route / direction / path / course◆to block the / sb / sth's way / route / line / path◆to know the way / route◆to change direction / course■ way [countable, usually singular] the route or road that you must take in order to reach a place; the route that sb/sth is moving along; the general position that sb/sth is moving towards 路线；道路；方向◆I stopped to ask the way.我停下来问路。◆They had to fight their way through the crowd.他们得奋力在人群中挤过去。◆Get out of my way! I'm in a hurry!让开！我有急事！◆She was going my way, so we talked as we walked.她和我同路，所以我们边走边聊。◆They bought some supplies on the way.他们在路上买了些补给品。◆Which way did they go?他们往哪儿边去了？◆He narrowly avoided a car coming the other way (= towards him).他差一点没躲过对面开来的车。■ route [countable] a way that you follow to get from one place to another, especially one that you plan in advance; a fixed way along which a bus, train, etc. regularly travels or goods are regularly sent （尤指事先规划好的）路线，路途；（公共汽车、火车等的）常规路线◆It's the best route into the city from the south.这是从南面进城的最佳路线。◆Motorists are being advised to take an alternative route.建议驾驶者另选道路。◆We'll have to plan our route carefully.我们得仔细计划路线。◆We took the scenic route through the hills.我们选择了山中风景优美的那条路。◆Is the hotel on a bus route?那个旅馆在公交线上吗？◆These were the ancient trade routes between Europe and Asia.这些曾经是欧亚之间的古代贸易之路。▸ route verb [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) ◆Satellites route data all over the globe.卫星向全球各地传递信息。■ direction [countable, uncountable] the general position that sb/sth moves or points towards; the general position that sb/sth comes or develops from 方向；方位；方面◆He ran off in the direction of the river.他朝着河的方向跑走了。◆The plane was flying in a northerly direction.飞机正向北飞去。◆The road was blocked in both directions.这条路双向堵塞。◆When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.警察赶到后，人群四处散开。◆I had lost all sense of direction (= I did not know which way to go).我已经完全迷失了方向。◆Support came from an unexpected direction.没想到在那个方面获得了支持。 see also direct ⇨ aim verb , direct ⇨ take 2 ■ line [countable, usually singular] the direction that sb/sth is moving or situated in; a route from one place to another, especially when it is used for a particular purpose （行进的）方向；（所处的）方位；（尤指有特定目的的）路线◆They followed the line of the river for three miles.他们沿着那条河走了3英里。◆Try to keep the boat sailing in a straight line.尽量使船保持直线航行。◆They were directly in the line of fire (= the direction that sb is shooting in).他们恰好就在射程之内。◆Their aim was to block the enemy's supply lines (= the route that supplies come along).他们的目的是要封锁敌人的供给线。■ path [countable] a line along which sb/sth moves; the space in front of sb/sth as they move 路线；道路◆The diagram shows the path of the satellite between 10.20 and 10.34.图表显示这颗卫星在10:20和10:34之间的轨迹。◆The avalanche destroyed everything in its path.雪崩所到之处一切尽毁。■ orbit /ˈɔːbɪt; NAmE ˈɔːrbɪt/ [countable, uncountable] a curved path followed by a planet or object as it moves around a star or planet （天体等运行的）轨道◆There are slight changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun.地球环绕太阳的轨道有微小的变化。◆The satellite went into orbit last month.上个月这颗卫星进入轨道。◆He spent eleven months in orbit (= in space).他在太空待了十一个月。 see also orbit ⇨ spin verb ■ course [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the direction or route followed by a ship or aircraft （船或飞机的）航向，航线◆The plane was off course (= was not following the correct route).飞机偏离了航线。◆The ship set a course for (= started to sail towards) the Christmas Islands.该船开始进入去圣诞岛的航线。■ bearing /ˈbeərɪŋ; NAmE ˈberɪŋ/ [countable, usually plural] (technical 术语) a direction measured from a fixed point using a compass （用罗盘确定的）方位◆The log records the ship's bearings, wind direction and speed.航海日志记录了该船的方位、风向和航速。◆You'll learn how to take your bearings with a compass.你将学会用罗盘定位。◆They took compass bearings on the tower.他们在高塔上用罗盘确定了方位。 unacceptable adjective unacceptable ♦︎ unreasonable ♦︎ too much ♦︎ intolerable ♦︎ unbearable ♦︎ out of line ♦︎ out of order ♦︎ insufferableThese words all describe sth that is so bad that you cannot accept or bear it. 这些词均表示不能接受的、无法容忍的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆unacceptable / intolerable to sb◆too much / intolerable / unbearable for sb◆unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable / unbearable that...◆unacceptable / unreasonable / too much / intolerable / unbearable / out of order to do sth◆unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable behaviour / demands / interference / levels◆an unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable burden◆an unacceptable / intolerable / unbearable situation◆quite / completely / totally unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable / unbearable / out of order◆absolutely / increasingly unacceptable / intolerable / unbearable◆a bit unreasonable / too much / out of order◆almost / nearly too much / intolerable / unbearable■ unacceptable (rather formal) that you cannot accept, allow or approve of 不能接受（或允许、同意）的◆Such behaviour is totally unacceptable in a civilized society.这种行为在文明社会是完全不能接受的。◆Such a solution would be quite unacceptable to the majority of people.这样的解决办法对大多数人来说都是难以接受的。◆Noise from the factory has reached an unacceptable level.工厂的噪声达到了难以容忍的地步。OPP acceptable ⇨ fine , acceptable ⇨ right adj. 2 ▸ unacceptably adverb ◆unacceptably high levels of unemployment奇高的失业率■ unreasonable not fair; expecting too much 不合理的；不公正的；期望过高的◆It would be unreasonable to expect somebody to come at such short notice.要求人家随传随到会显得不近人情。◆The fees they charge are not unreasonable.他们的收费还算合理。◆He was being totally unreasonable about it.他在这件事上蛮不讲理。OPP reasonable ⇨ reasonable ■ too much idiom (rather informal, spoken) needing more skill or strength than you have; more difficult or annoying than you can bear 力所不及；不能忍受◆What with the exams, and then his illness, things have become too much for him.那些考试，加上后来他又病了，情况已变得让他无法忍受。◆This is too much! First she complains that I'm never in the office, then she wants to know why I'm not visiting so many clients.这真让人受不了！她先是抱怨我总不在办公室，接着又想知道为什么有那么多客户我没去拜访。■ intolerable / /ɪnˈtɒlərəbl; NAmE ɪnˈtɑːlərəbl/ (rather formal) (of a situation, a feeling or sb's behaviour) so difficult, unpleasant or wrong that you cannot bear it or accept it （状况、感觉或某人的行为）无法忍受的，不能容忍的，不可接受的◆Keeping the secret put an intolerable burden on him.保守这个秘密成了他无法承受的负担。◆Her behaviour has become intolerable.她的行为已变得让人无法容忍了。◆It seems to me intolerable that children do not have the same legal protection as adults.儿童没有得到跟成年人一样的法律保护，这在我看来是不可接受的。OPP tolerable ⓘ The opposite tolerable is usually used as a way of saying that sth is almost intolerable. * intolerable的反义词tolerable通常用以表示某事物几乎(almost)不可忍受◆At times, the heat was barely tolerable.有时热得几乎令人难以忍受。 ▸ intolerably adverb ◆It became intolerably hot by day.白天热得让人受不了。■ unbearable /ʌnˈbeərəbl; NAmE ʌnˈberəbl/ (of a situation, feeling or person) so unpleasant, painful or annoying that you cannot bear it （状况、感觉或人）无法忍受的，无法接受的◆Some of the victims were suffering unbearable pain.有些受害者疼痛难忍。◆The heat was becoming unbearable.炎热开始变得难以忍受。◆He's been unbearable since he won that prize.他得奖以后变得很难相与。 OPP bearable ⓘ The opposite bearable is usually used as a way of saying that sth is almost unbearable. * unbearable的反义词bearable通常用以表示某事物几乎(almost)无法忍受◆She was the only thing that made life bearable.只因有了她，生活才不至于不堪忍受。 ▸ unbearably adverb ◆unbearably hot / painful / arrogant酷热难当；疼痛难忍；盛气凌人NOTE 辨析 Intolerable or unbearable?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆intolerable / unbearable heat / pain / suffering / tension / excitement酷热难当；疼痛难忍；痛苦不堪；难耐的紧张／兴奋However, unbearable is not usually used to talk about things that offend your sense of justice, rather than just your feelings. 不过，unbearable通常不用以描述令人义愤不平的事物，而用以描述只是令人不满的事物◆It is unbearable that children do not have the same legal protection as adults. It is used more for physical than mental suffering and is generally not used in situations where people have to do sth that is too difficult for them. * unbearable较多描述身体上而非精神上的痛苦，一般不用于描述勉为其难的情形◆Keeping the secret was an unbearable burden. People themselves can be unbearable but not intolerable. 描述人本身可用unbearable，但不用intolerable◆He's been intolerable since he won that prize. ■ ˌout of ˈline idiom (especially NAmE, informal, spoken) (of a person) behaving in a way that is not acceptable or right; (of their behaviour) not acceptable or right （人）行为不当，举止令人难以接受；（人的行为）不能接受的，不当的◆You'd better calm down－you're way out of line.你最好镇静一点－你太离谱了。◆If you step out of line one more time, you're fired.你要是再违规一次，就会被解雇。■ ˌout of ˈorder idiom (BrE, informal, spoken) out of line （人）行为不当，举止令人难以接受；（人的行为）不能接受的，不当的◆What he did was right out of order.他的所作所为极为不妥。NOTE 辨析 Out of line or out of order? Out of order is more frequent in British English than out of line, but it is not used in American English. Someone can get/step out of line but not 'get/step out of order'. * out of order较out of line更多用于英式英语，但不用于美式英语。可以说get/step out of line，但不说get/step out of order。■ insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfrəbl/ / (rather formal) (especially of a person or their personal qualities) so unpleasant or annoying that you cannot bear them （尤指人或个人品质）难以忍受的，难以容忍的◆She's totally insufferable!她真让人受不了！◆He bore a look of insufferable smugness.他露出一副沾沾自喜的表情，真让人受不了。 surround verb surround ♦︎ enclose ♦︎ line ♦︎ flank ♦︎ encircle ♦︎ borderThese words all mean to be in a position around sb/sth or on either side of sb/sth. 这些词均表示环绕、围绕或沿着侧面。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be surrounded / enclosed / lined / flanked / encircled / bordered by / with sth◆to be completely surrounded / enclosed / encircled◆to be totally / entirely surrounded / enclosed◆sth surrounds / encircles a town / city◆walls / fences surround / enclose / encircle sth■ surround [transitive] to be all around sb/sth; to move into a position all around sb/sth, especially so that they cannot escape; to move sb/sth into a position in this way 围绕；环绕；包围；围住；使包围◆Tall trees surround the lake.大树环绕在湖的周围。◆The lake is surrounded with / by trees.湖边树木环绕。◆the membranes surrounding the brain脑膜◆Police surrounded the building.警方包围了那栋房子。◆He has now surrounded his house with barbed wire.现在他已经用带刺的铁丝网把房子围了起来。■ enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz; NAmE ɪnˈkloʊz/ [transitive] to build a wall, fence or other structure around sth; (of a wall, fence, etc.) to surround sth （用墙、篱笆等）把⋯围起来；（墙、篱笆等）围住◆The yard had been enclosed with iron railings.院落用铁栅栏围了起来。◆Low hedges enclosed the flower beds.矮树篱把花坛围住了。◆I can't stand being shut in a small enclosed space.我无法忍受被关在狭小封闭的空间里。ⓘ When the wall, fence, etc. is the object of the verb enclose, the verb is nearly always passive. * enclose的宾语是墙、篱笆等时几乎总是用被动语态◆They had enclosed the yard with iron railings. ■ line [transitive, often passive](of people or things) to form lines or rows along sth （人或物）沿⋯形成行（或列、排）◆Crowds of people lined the streets to watch the race.人群站在街道两旁观看赛跑。◆The walls were lined with books.靠墙是一排排的图书。■ flank [transitive] to be on one or both sides of sb/sth 位于⋯侧面（或两侧）◆They drove through the flat cotton fields that flanked Highway 17.他们驾车穿过了17号公路两侧那平坦的棉田。◆She left the courtroom flanked by armed guards.她在武装警卫护送下离开法庭。■ encircle /ɪnˈsɜːkl; NAmE ɪnˈsɜːrkl/ [transitive] (written) to surround sb/sth completely in a circular shape or movement 环绕；围绕；包围◆The island is encircled by a coral reef.这个岛周围都是珊瑚礁。◆Jack's arms encircled her waist.杰克的双臂搂着她的腰。■ border [transitive] (written) (especially of a natural feature) to form a line along or around the edge of sth （尤指自然景色）沿⋯的边，环绕，给⋯镶边◆Meadows bordered the path to the woods.通往树林的小径两边都是草坪。 |