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apparatus noun
⇨ equipment (breathing apparatus) ⇨ system (the apparatus of government)equipment noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ thing 3 另见thing条第3义equipment ♦︎ material ♦︎ gear ♦︎ kit ♦︎ apparatus ♦︎ hardware ♦︎ tackleThese are all words for the things that you need for a particular purpose or activity. 这些词均表示设备、器材。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆basic equipment / materials / kit / apparatus / hardware◆state-of-the-art / up-to-date / the latest equipment / gear / kit / hardware◆electronic / electrical equipment / gear / apparatus / hardware◆laboratory equipment / apparatus / hardware◆to have the right equipment / materials / gear / kit / apparatus / hardware◆to use the equipment / materials / gear / kit / apparatus / hardware◆a piece of equipment / apparatus■ equipment [uncountable] the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity 设备；器材◆We loaded the camping equipment into the car.我们把野营用品装上了车。◆The plane uses state-of-the-art navigation equipment.这架飞机使用的是最先进的导航设备。■ material [countable, usually plural, uncountable] things that are needed for a particular activity （某一活动所需的）材料，用品◆You have to buy your own art materials.你得自己买美工材料。◆Many household cleaning materials are highly toxic.许多家用清洁用品都有剧毒。◆We usually produce our own teaching material.我们通常自行编写教材。NOTE 辨析 Equipment or material? Equipment is usually solid things, especially large ones. Materials may be liquids, powders or books or tapes containing information, as well as small solid items. * equipment通常指体积大的固体器材，material则可以是液体、粉末，或是含有信息的书、录音带，也可以是体积小的固体材料。■ gear / /gɪə(r); NAmE gɪr/ [uncountable] the equipment or clothes needed for a particular activity （某一活动所需的）设备，用具，衣服◆Skiing gear can be expensive.滑雪用具可能非常昂贵。 see also gear ⇨ clothes ■ kit [countable, uncountable] a set of tools or equipment that you use for a particular purpose 成套工具；成套设备◆a first-aid kit急救箱◆a tool kit工具箱◆a wine-making kit一套葡萄酒造酒设备◆They left most of their kit at the camp.他们大部分装备都留在了营地。ⓘ In British English, kit can also be the clothes that you wear for a particular activity. 在英式英语中，kit还可以指进行特定活动的装束。■ apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ / [uncountable] the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task 仪器；器材；装置◆The firefighters had to use breathing apparatus.消防队员需要用呼吸器。◆Science departments say they are lacking basic apparatus.理科系说他们缺少最基本的仪器。ⓘ Apparatus is used especially for scientific, medical or technical purposes. * apparatus尤指有科学、医学或技术用途的仪器。■ hardware /ˈhɑːdweə(r); NAmE ˈhɑːrdwer/ [uncountable] tools and equipment that are used in the house and garden （家庭及园艺用）工具，设备，五金制品◆a hardware store五金店ⓘ Hardware in this meaning is usually used in relation to shops that buy and sell such equipment. In technical language hardware is also weapons and other military equipment and vehicles. 表达此义时，hardware通常用来表示买卖这类器材的商店。在专业用语中，hardware还指包括武器、器械、车辆等在内的军用设备◆ (technical 术语) The cargo consisted entirely of military hardware－rifles, machine guns, hand grenades and rockets.这批货全都是军用物资，包括步枪、机关枪、手榴弹和火箭炮。 ■ tackle [uncountable] the equipment used to do a particular sport or activity, especially fishing 用具；体育器材；（尤指）渔具◆You can hire bait and fishing tackle from the outdoor centre.你可以在户外活动中心租用鱼饵和渔具。 system noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ structure 另见structure条system ♦︎ network ♦︎ organization ♦︎ web ♦︎ apparatus ♦︎ workingsThese are all words for the way sth is organized or the way the different parts of sth connect with each other. 这些词均表示系统、体系、体制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a system / a network / an apparatus for sth◆in / within a system / a network / a web / the apparatus◆the whole system / network / web / apparatus◆a / the complex system / network / organization / web / apparatus / workings◆a social system / network / organization◆an adminstrative system / network / apparatus◆to create a system / network / web◆to set up / establish a system / network◆to improve a system / the organization of sth◆to understand / explain a system / the organization of sth / the workings of sth■ system [countable] the way in which sth is organized; a group of things or pieces of equipment that are connected or work together 体系；体制；系统◆the educational / justice system教育体制；司法体系◆a heating / computer system供热／计算机系统◆Their existing system of government seems to work reasonably well.他们现有的政府体制似乎运转良好。◆The alarm system had been switched off.警报系统已关闭。■ network [countable] a closely connected group of people or companies that exchange information and help each other 关系网；人际网◆She has a supportive network of close friends.她有一群支持她的亲密朋友。◆The company has a network of regional offices.该公司有一个由各地方办事处构成的网络。◆They have one of the most efficient distribution networks in Europe.他们的分销网是欧洲最具效率的分销网之一。■ organization (BrE also organisation) [uncountable] the way in which the different parts of sth are arranged, especially in a society or institution （尤指社会或机构中的）安排，配置，分配◆The report studies the organization of labour within the civil service.报告研究了政府行政部门内部的人力分配问题。◆They experimented with new forms of social organization.他们尝试实行一些新的社会组织形式。■ web [countable] a complicated pattern of things that are closely connected, especially when they are difficult to deal with or understand 网状物；网络；错综复杂的事物◆An increasingly complex web of legislation has been considered.曾经考虑构建更加复杂的立法体系。◆We were caught in a tangled web of relationships.我们陷入了错综复杂的人际关系网络。◆She discovered a web of intrigue (= secret activities).她发现了一套阴谋诡计。◆a web of deceit / lies一套诈骗计划；连篇谎言ⓘ Many of the collocates of the word web in this meaning make you think of the literal meaning of a spider's web. Collocates include tangled, caught (up) in, entangled in, drawn into, spin, weave and centre of. * web表达此义时，许多搭配词都会使人联想到蜘蛛网的字面意思，这些搭配词有tangled、caught (up) in、entangled in、drawn into、spin、weave和centre of。■ apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs; NAmE ˌæpəˈrætəs/ [countable, usually singular] the structure of a system or organization, especially that of a government or political party, including all the people working at different levels with different degrees of power （尤指政府或政党的）机构，组织，机关◆Under the new system there was to be no all-powerful central state apparatus.在新体制中，国家中央机关不再拥有至高无上的权力。◆the apparatus of government政府机构■ workings [plural] the way in which a system or organization works （系统或机构的）运作方式，工作方法◆The classes give an introduction to the workings of Congress.这些课程介绍国会的运作方式。◆In the book he tries to give a complete description of the workings of the human mind.他力图在书中对人脑的活动方式作出全面描述。ⓘ Workings is usually used in the phrases the workings (of sth) or sth's workings. * workings通常用于短语the workings (of sth)或sth's workings中。 |