| 例句 |
grade noun
⇨ class 3 (students in seventh grade) ⇨ class 4 (the higher grades within an organization) ⇨ quality (low grade steel) ⇨ score (get a good grade) ⇨ angle (We hiked up a short steep grade.)grade verb
⇨ mark 2 (grade students/papers) ⇨ rank (graded for difficulty)class3 noun Which classes are you taking? 你在上什么课？work hard in class 在课堂上用功学习the youngest in the class 班上年龄最小的人all classes of society 社会各阶层class ♦︎ grade ♦︎ year ♦︎ stream ♦︎ track ♦︎ setThese are all words for groups in which students are taught together. 这些词均表示班级、年级、小组。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a class / grade / year / stream / set■ class [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of students who are taught together 班；班级◆We were in the same class at school.我们上学时同班。◆He finished top of the class (= got better results than all the others).他在班上名列前茅。◆The whole class was told to stay behind after school.全班被告知放学后留下。◆ (especially NAmE) the class of 2008 (= a group of students who finished their studies at school or college in 2008) 2008届毕业生◆ (NAmE) the freshman / sophomore / junior / senior class大学或高中一年级／二年级／三年级／四年级■ grade [countable](in the US school system) one of the levels in a school with children of similar age （美国学制）年级◆He is in (the) second grade.他读二年级。▸ grader noun [countable] ◆The play is open to all seventh and eighth graders.所有七、八年级学生均可观看此剧。■ year [countable] (especially BrE) (at a school or university) a level that you stay in for one year; a student at a particular level 年级；某年级的学生◆We didn't start Latin until year nine.我们直到九年级才开始学习拉丁语。◆The language students go abroad in their third year.学习语言的学生在第三年到国外去。◆The project is the work of a group of year-seven pupils.这个专题研究是一群七年级学生的努力成果。◆First and second years usually live in college.一二年级学生通常住在学院里。■ stream [countable] (especially BrE) a group in which students of the same age and level of ability are placed in some schools （将同龄学生按能力编在一起的）班，组◆He was put into the top stream.他分在快班。▸ stream verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆ (especially BrE) Pupils are streamed for English and Maths.学生上英语课和数学课时按能力分成小组。■ track [countable] (NAmE) a group in which students of the same age and level or ability, or studying the same group of subjects, are placed in some schools and colleges （将学生按年龄、水平、能力或修读科目分编的）班，组◆Students pursue one of three tracks: professional writing, film / television / video or new media.学生竞相参加以下三个班中的其中一个：专业写作、影视与录像，以及新媒体。▸ track verb [intransitive, transitive, usually passive] ◆a comparison of schools that track and don't track in math数学课分班与不分班的学校的对比■ set [countable] (BrE) a group of school students of the same age and similar ability in a particular subject who are taught together in that subject although they are normally taught in a different group （一同修学某一科目、但分属不同班级的）一批学生◆She is in the top set for French.她的法语成绩名列前茅。 class4 noun Which classes are you taking? 你在上什么课？work hard in class 在课堂上用功学习the youngest in the class 班上年龄最小的人all classes of society 社会各阶层class ♦︎ level ♦︎ position ♦︎ rank ♦︎ status ♦︎ rating ♦︎ standing ♦︎ ranking ♦︎ gradeThese are all words for a group in society or within an organization that sb belongs to, based on how much importance or authority they have, or for a measure of how good or important sb/sth is compared with sb/sth else. 这些词均表示阶级、等级、地位。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's class / level / position / rank / status / standing / ranking in / within sth◆a / the high / higher level / position / rank / status / rating / standing / ranking / grade◆a / the low / lower class / level / position / rank / status / rating / standing / ranking / grade◆the top level / rank / rating / ranking / grade◆the upper class / level / rank◆the middle class / level / rank / ranking / grade◆a / the senior level / position / rank / grade◆sb's social class / position / rank / status / standing / ranking◆a / sb's professional class / status / standing◆to improve your position / status / standing / ranking◆to have a ... rank / rating / status / standing◆to give (sb / sth) a status / rating / ranking◆to achieve a rank / status / rating◆sb's class / position / rank / status / standing in society◆a / the class / level / ranks of society■ class [countable + singular or plural verb, uncountable] one of the groups of people in a society that are thought of as being at the same social or economic level; the way that people are divided into different social or economic groups 阶级；阶层；社会等级◆His ideas had an appeal among the wealthy, professional classes.他的想法获得富裕的专业阶层认同。◆Do you consider yourself to be middle class?你认为你属于中产阶级吗？◆A lot of British comedy is based on class differences.许多英国喜剧是以阶级差异为基础的。◆The old class system is not appropriate in a modern age.旧的等级制度不适用于现代。 see also the upper class ⇨ elite , the middle class ⇨ the middle class noun , the working class ⇨ the general public ■ level [countable] one of a number of positions in a scale of importance, for example in society or within an organization （社会、组织等内部的）层次，级别◆He promised reforms at all levels of government.他承诺对各级政府进行改革。◆She reached a very high level at a very young age.她在很年轻时就晋升到非常高的级别。◆The decision is being made at top level.最高层正在做决策。■ position [countable, uncountable] the level of importance of a person or organization when compared with others 地位；等级◆We need to improve the position of women and girls in these societies.我们需要提高女性在这些社会中的地位。◆The company has a dominant position in the world market.那家公司在全球市场占据主导地位。◆Wealth and position are not important to her.财富与地位对她并不重要。■ rank [countable, uncountable] a position, especially an important position, that sb has in a particular organization or society; the position that sb has in one of the armed forces or the police （尤指较高的）地位，级别；军阶；警衔◆She rose through the ranks to become managing director (= she started in a low position).她从底层做起，一步步当上了常务董事。◆She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank.她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。◆He was promoted to the rank of major.他被提升至少校军衔。◆I gave them only my name, rank and serial number.我只给了他们我的名字、军衔和编号。■ status /ˈsteɪtəs, NAmE also ˈstætəs/ [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the social or professional position of sb/sth in relation to others, based on the amount of respect they get from other people 地位；身份；职位◆The only jobs on offer were of low status and badly paid.仅有的在征人的工作地位低下，薪水很低。◆How do people perceive the status of the full-time mother?人们对全职母亲的地位怎么看？■ rating [countable] a measurement of how good, important, popular, etc. sb/sth is, especially in relation to other people or things 等级，级别（质量、重要性、流行程度等的标准）◆It was a very good rating for an amateur performance.对业余演出来说，这是非常高的水平。◆The poll gave an approval rating of 39% for the president.民意调查表明公众对总统的支持率为39%。 see also rate ⇨ rank verb , rate ⇨ judge verb 1 ■ standing [uncountable] the position or reputation of sb/sth within a group of people or in an organization 地位；级别；身份；名声◆The prime minister needs to improve his standing with the public.首相需要提高他在公众中的声望。◆Their standing as a profession has declined in recent years.他们的职业地位近年来一直在下降。■ ranking [countable] the position of sb/sth on a scale that shows how good or important they are compared with other people or things, especially in sport （尤指体育运动中的）地位，排名，排位◆She has retained her No. 1 world ranking.她保住了自己世界第一的排名。◆The product has consistently been given a high ranking by consumer groups.消费群体对该产品的评分一直很高。 see also rank ⇨ rank verb ■ grade [countable] a rank or level that sb has within an organization, often related to how much they are paid for doing their job （官衔的）级别；职别◆She's still only on a secretarial grade.她的职别仍然是秘书。◆The higher grades within the organization usually get bigger pay rises.在组织内部，通常级别越高，薪水涨幅越大。 quality noun quality ♦︎ standard ♦︎ level ♦︎ grade ♦︎ calibreThese are all words for how good or bad sth is, especially when compared with other things. 这些词均表示质量、品质、水准。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be of (a / the) ...quality / standard / level / grade / calibre◆high / highest / low quality / standard / level / grade / calibre◆poor quality / standard / level / grade◆top quality / level / grade◆to raise / improve the quality / standard / level / calibre of sth◆to maintain the quality / standard / level of sth◆to reach a standard / level■ quality [uncountable, countable] how good or bad sth is, especially when compared with sth similar 质量；品质◆Most of the goods on offer are of very poor quality.大部分打折出售的商品质量都很差。◆Use the highest quality ingredients you can find.使用可以找到的最优质的原料。◆There's been a serious decline in air quality recently.最近空气质量严重下降。◆Their quality of life improved dramatically when they moved to the US.他们移居美国以后，生活质量大大提高了。■ standard [countable, uncountable] a level of quality, especially one that people generally think is acceptable （品质的）标准，水平，规范◆There are real concerns about falling standards in schools.人们对学校办学水平下降深感忧虑。◆A number of Britain's beaches fail to meet European standards on cleanliness.英国有几处海滩不符合欧洲的清洁标准。◆Who sets the standard for water quality?水质标准由谁来定？◆sb's standard of living某人的生活水准◆living standards生活水平◆Her work is not up to standard (= of a good enough standard).她的工作不合格。■ level [countable, uncountable] a particular standard or quality, for example of achievement, progress or ability （成就、进步、能力等的）标准，水平，等级◆Most of these students have a high level of language ability.这些学生大多语言能力很强。◆This computer game has fifteen levels.这款电脑游戏有十五级。◆ (BrE) She studied psychology at degree level.她修读了心理学的学位课程。■ grade [countable] the quality of a particular product or material （产品或材料的）等级，品级◆All the materials used were of the highest grade.所用材料全是最上等的。◆ (BrE) a piece of top grade beef一块顶级牛肉◆ (NAmE) Grade A beefA级牛肉■ calibre (BrE) (NAmE caliber) / /ˈkælɪbə(r)/ / [uncountable] the quality of sth, especially a person's ability 质量；（尤指人的）能力◆The company needs more people of your calibre.公司需要更多像你这样有才干的人。 score noun score ♦︎ result ♦︎ point ♦︎ mark ♦︎ gradeThese are all words for the number of points or goals scored by a player or team in a competition, or given to a student in a test. 这些词均表示比赛或考试中的得分、成绩。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a high / low / good / poor score / mark / grade◆the final score / result / mark / grade◆to get a score / your results / a point / a mark / a grade■ score [countable] the number of points, goals, etc. scored by each player or team in a game or competition （游戏或比赛中的）得分，比分◆What's the score now?现在比分是多少？◆The final score was 4-3.最终的比分是4:3。◆I'll keep (the) score (= keep a record of the score).我来记分。◆ (BrE) A penalty in the last minute of the game levelled the score 2-2.比赛最后一分钟的判罚把比分拉成了2比2平。ⓘ Especially in American English, sb's score on a test is the number of points they get for correct answers on the test. 尤其在美式英语中，score表示考试的分数◆college entrance test scores大学入学考试分数◆an IQ score of 120120分的智商◆to get a perfect score (= no incorrect answers) 得满分 ▸ score verb [transitive, intransitive] ◆to score a goal / try / touchdown / victory射门得分；持球触地得分；达阵得分；获胜◆Fraser scored again in the second half.弗雷泽在下半场比赛中再次得分。■ result [countable] the final score or the name of the winner in a sports event, competition or election （比赛或选举的）结果，获胜者（或当选者）名单◆They will announce the result of the vote tonight.今晚他们将宣布投票结果。◆the election results选举结果◆the football results足球比赛的结果ⓘ In British English your results are the score you get in an exam or in a number of exams. 在英式英语中，results表示一次或几次考试的成绩◆Have you had your results yet?你知道考试成绩了吗？ ■ point [countable] an individual unit that adds to a score in a game or sports competition （游戏或体育比赛的）得分，点◆to win / lose a point赢一分；输一分◆Australia finished 20 points ahead.澳大利亚队终局领先20分。◆They won on points (= by scoring more points rather than by completely defeating their opponents).他们以点数取胜。■ mark [countable] (especially BrE) a number or letter that is given to show the standard of sb's work or performance or is given to sb for answering sth correctly 分数；成绩；等级◆What's the pass mark (= the mark you need in order to pass)?及格分数是多少？◆I got full marks (= the highest mark possible) in the spelling test.我在拼写测验中得了满分。 see also mark ⇨ mark verb 2 ■ grade [countable] a mark given in an exam or for a piece of school work （考试或作业的）成绩等级，评分等级◆ (BrE) She got good grades in her exams.她考试成绩优良。◆ (NAmE) She got good grades on her exams.她考试成绩优良。 see also grade ⇨ mark verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Mark or grade?In British schools marks can be given for any piece of school work, test or performance; a grade is usually given only for an important exam or a whole year's work in a subject. A mark is often more precise than a grade, expressed as a particular number out of 10 or 100, for example; a grade is usually a letter such as A, B, C, D or E, with each grade covering a range of marks. In American schools, a grade can be a letter or a number and can be given for any piece of school work, test or performance, or for a whole year's work in a subject. You can also talk about sb's score in a test, but mark is not usually used in American English. 在英国学校里，mark可指任何一次作业、考试或学业表现的成绩，grade则仅指重要考试或某学科全年总评成绩。mark常比grade更精确些，例如用十分制或百分制来评分；grade则通常用字母A、B、C、D、E等来表示分数等级，每个等级含一个分数范围。在美国学校里，grade可以用字母或数字来表示，可以是任何一次作业、考试或学业表现的成绩，或者是某学科的全年总评成绩。表示考试的分数也可用score，但在美式英语中通常不用mark。 angle noun angle ♦︎ slope ♦︎ gradient ♦︎ gradeThese are all words for the position of sth that is not in a vertical or horizontal line. 这些词均表示斜度、角度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at an angle / a slope / a gradient◆a slight / steep / gentle angle / slope / gradient■ angle [countable] the direction that sth is leaning or pointing in when it is not in a vertical or horizontal line 斜角；角度◆The tower of Pisa leans at an angle.比萨斜塔塔身倾斜。◆The plane was coming in at a steep angle.飞机当时正俯冲降落。◆ (BrE) His hair was sticking up at all angles.他的头发都竖了起来，乱蓬蓬的。 see also angle ⇨ lean verb 1 ■ slope [singular, uncountable] the amount by which a surface is higher at one end than at the other 斜度；坡度◆The land rises in a gentle slope from the sea to the foot of the mountains.从海边到山脚之间有个缓坡。◆The angle of slope must be determined before construction can begin.施工前必须先确定倾角的角度。 see also slope ⇨ slope verb , slope ⇨ lean 1 ■ gradient / /ˈgreɪdiənt/ / [countable] (especially BrE) the degree to which the ground slopes, especially on a road, path or railway （尤指公路、道路或铁路的）坡度，倾斜度◆The line here is on a steep gradient climbing towards Merstham Tunnel.这段铁路线要爬个陡坡才能到达默斯瑟姆隧道。◆The hill has a gradient of 1 in 4 (or 25%).这个山坡的倾斜度是1:4，即25%。■ grade [countable] (especially NAmE) a gradient 坡度；倾斜度◆The hill has a grade of 25%.这个山坡的倾斜度是25%。ⓘ In American English grade can also mean a slope or hill. 美式英语中，grade也可表示斜坡或小山◆We hiked up a short steep grade.我们徒步爬上了一个矮的陡坡。 mark2 verb X marks the spot * X符号标明地点mark exam papers; mark sth wrong 给试卷打分；把⋯批为错 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ test verb 2 另见test动词词条第2义mark ♦︎ grade ♦︎ correctThese words all mean to give a mark or grade to a student's work or to read it or listen to it and put right any mistakes. 这些词均表示给学生作业打分、评分或改错。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mark / grade / correct a / an paper / essay / assignment◆to mark / grade / correct sb's work / classwork / homework◆to mark / grade a / an test / exam / examination / project◆to mark / grade a student / pupil◆to mark / grade sb / sth A / B / C, etc.◆to mark / grade sb / sth fairly / unfairly■ mark [transitive, intransitive] (BrE) to give a mark to a student's work （给学生作业）打分，评分，评成绩◆If you don't hand your homework in on time I won't mark it.如果你不按时交作业，我就不给你批改。◆Most teachers spend at least two hours a day marking.大多数老师每天至少要花两个小时批改作业。ⓘ Mark is used in both British and American English when it means to write comments or symbols on a student's work to show whether it is right or wrong, good or bad. 表达“在学生作业上写下评语或批上记号以示其对错或优劣”之义时，mark用于英式和美式英语均可◆Why have you marked this wrong?你为什么批这道题为错？◆Sorry, I should have marked that right.对不起，我本该批那道题为对。◆She was marked down (= given a lower mark / grade) for bad spelling.她因拼写差被扣了分。 see also mark ⇨ score noun ■ grade [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to give a grade to a student's work or a student （给学生作业或学生）打分，评等级◆She spent the weekend grading papers.她周末在评阅试卷。◆Who grades the students?谁给学生评分？◆The best students are graded A.最优秀的学生评为甲等。◆There is some concern that grading is not always fair.有人担心打分并不总是公平的。 see also grade ⇨ score noun ■ correct [transitive] to put right the mistakes in a student's work, for example by writing the correct way of spelling sth 改正（学生作业中的错误）◆When I've corrected your assignments, I want you to write them out again.我批改完你们的作业后，希望你们全部再写一遍。◆It's simply not true that teachers no longer correct bad spellings.谁说老师不再改正拼写错误？根本没那回事。 rank verb rank ♦︎ rate ♦︎ grade ♦︎ place ♦︎ put ♦︎ orderThese words all mean to put things into a particular order, especially according to their quality. 这些词均表示划分等级，尤指根据质量划分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rank / rate / grade / order sb / sth according to sth◆to rank / grade (sb / sth) as sb / sth◆to rank / grade / order sb / sth by sth◆to rank / rate / place / put / order sb / sth above / below sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade / place / put sb / sth in order of sth◆to rank / rate (sb / sth) with sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade sb / sth for sth■ rank [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to give sb/sth a particular position on a scale according to quality, size or performance; to have a position of this kind 把⋯分等级；属于⋯等级◆The criteria are ranked in order of importance.这些标准是根据其重要程度来作分类的。◆They both lost to top-ranked American players.他们俩都输给了一流的美国选手。◆The collection ranks among the finest in the country.那批收藏品位居全国最佳藏品之列。◆It now ranks as Japan's fourth largest market.它目前是日本的第四大市场。 see also ranking ⇨ class 4 ■ rate [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to put sb/sth in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things 划分等级；分等◆The schools are rated according to their exam results.这些学校的排名是按考试成绩来定的。◆She is currently rated number two in the world.她目前排名世界第二。 see also rate ⇨ judge verb 1 , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ grade [transitive, often passive] to arrange people or things into groups according to a quality they share （按特质）分级，分等，分类◆Eggs are graded from small to extra large.鸡蛋从小号到特大号分成不同等级。◆Responses were graded from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (not at all satisfied).回答按1（非常满意）到5（完全不满意）分类。◆The grammar exercises are graded for difficulty.语法练习按难度分级。■ place [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to consider that sb/sth has a particular position or rank compared with other people or things （经比较）归类，划分，排名次◆I would place him among the top five tennis players in the world.我会把他排在世界顶尖网球选手的前五名。◆Nursing attracts people who place relationships high on their list of priorities.护理工作对重视人际关系的人具有吸引力。■ put (putting, put, put) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to place sb/sth in a particular position or rank 把⋯列为；把⋯归为◆I'd put her in the top rank of modern novelists.我认为她是一流的当代小说家。NOTE 辨析 Place or put?There is very little difference in meaning or use between these words; place can sometimes suggest a more carefully considered opinion than put. 这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小。place有时可暗指比put更慎重。 see also place , put ⇨ place verb ■ order [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to arrange things in a particular order （按照一定顺序）排列，安排◆The books are ordered alphabetically by title.这些书按书名的字母顺序排列。◆In the periodic table elements are ordered according to atomic number.元素周期表中各元素按原子序数排列。 see also order ⇨ series noun |