| 例句 |
graze verb
⇨ scratch 1 (graze your knee) ⇨ touch 1 (The bullet grazed his cheek.)graze noun
⇨ injuryscratch1 verb scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。 touch1 verb Can you touch your toes? 你弯腰触摸得到你的脚趾吗？Her feet hardly touched the ground. 她的双脚几乎是离地的。touch ♦︎ feel ♦︎ brush ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to put your hands or fingers on sb/sth. 这些词均表示触摸、碰。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to touch / feel / brush / graze sb / sth with sth◆to touch / brush sb / sth gently / lightly◆to accidentally touch / brush sb / sth■ touch [transitive] to put your hands or fingers on sb/sth 触摸；碰◆Don't touch that plate－it's hot!别摸那个盘子，烫手！◆Can you touch your toes (= bend and reach them with your hands)?你弯腰触摸得到你的脚趾吗？◆I touched him lightly on the arm.我轻轻碰了碰他的手臂。 see also touch ⇨ texture noun ▸ touch noun [countable, usually singular, uncountable] ◆The gentle touch of his hand on her shoulder made her jump.他的手轻触了一下她的肩膀，她便跳了起来。◆She has learnt to recognize the raised patterns of Braille by touch.她已经学会通过触摸识别盲文的凸点。■ feel (felt, felt) [transitive] to deliberately move your fingers over in order to find out what it is like 触；摸◆Can you feel the bump on my head?你能摸到我头上那个肿块吗？◆Try to tell what this is just by feeling it.只凭手摸来说说这是什么东西。◆Feel how rough this is.摸摸这有多粗糙。 see also feel ⇨ texture noun ■ brush [intransitive, transitive] to touch sb/sth lightly while moving close to them/it 轻擦；掠过 ◆She brushed past him.她和他擦肩而过。◆His hand accidentally brushed against hers.他的手无意之中碰了一下她的手。◆The leaves brushed her cheek.叶子轻拂着她的面颊。■ graze [transitive] (written) to touch sth lightly while passing it （经过时）轻擦，轻触，蹭◆The bullet grazed his cheek.子弹从他的脸颊擦过。NOTE 辨析 Brush or graze? Brush is usually used to talk about sth soft that gently touches sth else; graze is usually used to talk about sth hard that gently touches sth else. * brush通常指柔软的东西轻触某物，graze通常指坚硬的东西轻触某物。 injury noun injury ♦︎ wound ♦︎ cut ♦︎ bruise ♦︎ scratch ♦︎ gash ♦︎ grazeThese are all words for harm to sb's body, usually when the skin is broken. 这些词均表示对身体的伤害、损伤，通常伴有皮肤破损。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an injury / a wound / cuts / a bruise / a gash to a part of the body◆(a) severe injuries / wound / bruise◆a deep wound / cut / scratch / gash◆minor injuries / wounds / cuts / bruises◆to suffer an injury / a wound / cuts / bruises / scratches / a gash◆to sustain an injury / a wound / cuts / bruises◆to clean a wound / cut◆a wound / cut / bruise heals◆cuts and bruises / scratches / grazes■ injury [countable, uncountable] harm done to a person's or animal's body, for example in an accident （对躯体的）伤害，损伤◆As a result of the accident, several passengers sustained serious head injuries.几名乘客因这起事故头部受了重伤。◆She escaped with only minor injuries.她幸免于难，只受了几处轻伤。◆Two players are out of the team because of injury.两名队员因伤离队。ⓘ The other words in this group generally refer to skin, but an injury can affect bones, muscles, or other parts of the body. 本组词中injury可指骨骼、肌肉或身体其他部位的伤，其他词一般指皮肤上的伤。 ■ wound [countable] an injury to part of the body, especially one in which a hole is made in the skin using a weapon （身体上的）伤，伤口；（武器造成的）伤◆She survived, despite receiving severe stab wounds.她尽管被严重刺伤，还是活了下来。◆He proudly showed us his war wounds.他骄傲地向我们展示了他的战伤。ⓘ Wound often collocates with the name of the weapon that caused it. * wound常与造成伤害的武器的名字搭配◆a bullet / gunshot / knife / shrapnel wound枪伤；刀伤；弹片伤 ■ cut [countable] a place where a sharp object has made a hole in sb's skin. 伤口；划口◆He came home covered in cuts and bruises.他遍体鳞伤地回到家。◆Blood poured from the deep cut on his arm.鲜血从他手臂上深深的伤口中涌出。 see also cut ⇨ cut verb 4 ■ bruise / /bruːz/ / [countable] a blue, brown or purple mark on the skin after sb has fallen or been hit 青肿；瘀伤；碰伤◆He had a huge bruise over his eye.他眼睛上有一大块瘀伤。◆ (BrE) His legs were covered in bruises.他腿上布满了瘀伤。◆ (especially NAmE) covered with bruises浑身青肿◆She was treated for minor cuts and bruises.她因轻微划伤和瘀伤而接受治疗。■ scratch [countable] a thin cut which produces very little or no blood （出血很少或不出血的）小伤口，划口◆Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.她双手布满了黑莓荆棘划的口子。 see also scratch ⇨ scratch verb 1 ■ gash [countable] a long, deep cut in the skin 深长的切口◆He had a nasty gash across his chest.他的胸部有一道又深又长的伤口。 see also gash ⇨ cut verb 4 ■ graze [countable] a small injury where the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against sth （表皮）擦伤◆Paul had a graze on his knee from where he had fallen over on the concrete.保罗摔倒在水泥地上，擦伤了膝盖。 see also graze ⇨ scratch verb 1 |