| 例句 |
commitment noun
⇨ promise (make a commitment) ⇨ responsibility (family/financial commitments) promise noun promise ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ word ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ oath ♦︎ assurance ♦︎ vowThese are all words for a statement that you will definitely do or not do sth or that you are sure that sth will happen. 这些词均表示诺言、保证。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / a vow to do sth◆a promise / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / an assurance / a vow that...◆a / your solemn promise / word / oath / assurance / vow◆a firm promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / assurance◆a formal commitment / guarantee / oath / assurance◆a written promise / commitment / guarantee / assurance◆to give a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an assurance◆to make a promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / vow◆to take a pledge / an oath / a vow◆to have sb's promise / commitment / word / assurance◆to honour your promise / commitment / word / pledge / assurance◆to keep your promise / commitment / word / vow◆to break a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a vow■ promise [countable] a statement that tells sb that you will definitely do or not do sth 诺言；许诺；承诺◆I try not to make promises that I can't keep.我尽量不承诺无法兑现的事。◆He simply broke every single promise he ever made me.他给我的承诺没有一个兑现。◆She had obviously forgotten her promise to call me.她显然把答应给我打电话的事忘得一干二净了。◆You haven't gone back on your promise to me, have you?你答应我的该不会反悔了吧？◆I won't be late. That's a promise!我不会迟到的。说话算数！■ commitment [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a promise or determination to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of making a commitment 承诺；许诺承担；保证◆She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫作出感情上的重大承诺。◆The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.这家公司保证物美价廉的承诺是它取得成功的决定性因素。◆He questioned the government's commitment to public services.他对政府在公共服务上作出的承诺提出质疑。 see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ word [singular] a promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen or is true 诺言；许诺；保证◆I give you my word that it won't happen again.我向你保证这种事不会再发生了。◆I never doubted her word.我从不怀疑她的许诺。◆They claimed that the minister had gone back on her word (= broken her promise).他们称部长没有兑现她的许诺。◆We only have his word for it that he wasn't there that night.他只是向我们保证他那天晚上没在那里。◆She won't go to the police. You can take my word for it (= believe me).她不会报警的，相信我说的话吧。■ pledge [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a serious promise 保证；诺言；誓约◆The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies.新的领导人要求每一位盟友发誓对他忠诚。◆Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?政府会信守他们的竞选诺言不提高税收吗？■ guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [countable] a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen 保证；担保◆The union wants cast-iron guarantees that there will be no job losses.工会想得到确实可靠的不裁员保证。NOTE 辨析 Promise, pledge or guarantee? Promise is the most frequent and most general of these words, and the only one of these three to use in the context of personal relationships. * promise在三个词中最常见、含义最宽泛，是唯一能在个人关系语境中使用的词◆She had obviously forgotten her pledge/guarantee to call me. Pledge is used especially in the context of politics and the things that politicians promise in order to get elected. * pledge尤用于政治语境，可指从政者为求当选而作的承诺◆election / campaign / manifesto pledges竞选承诺◆spending pledges given by the government政府就支出所作的保证 Guarantee is used especially in matters of business involving companies or organizations. * guarantee尤指公司或机构所作的业务担保。 ■ oath / /əʊθ; NAmE oʊθ/ [countable] (rather formal) a formal promise to do sth; a formal statement that sth is true 宣誓；誓言◆All the barons were called on to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.所有的男爵都被召来宣誓效忠国王。◆Before giving evidence, witnesses in court have to take the oath (= promise to tell the truth).作证之前，证人必须当庭宣誓据实作证。ⓘ If you are or do sth on/under oath, you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in court. * on/under oath表示已经当庭宣誓据实作证◆The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.法官提醒证人他已当庭宣过誓。■ assurance /əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns; NAmE əˈʃʊrəns/ [countable] (rather formal) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it （尤指有质疑时的）保证，担保◆They asked for assurances on the safety of the system.他们要求保证系统安全。◆Despite assurances to the contrary the birds are still being sold as pets.尽管曾担保不会这样，但是这些鸟还是被当作宠物卖掉。■ vow /vaʊ/ / [countable] a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth （尤指宗教的）誓，誓言，誓约◆The monks take a vow of silence.修士要守默誓。◆She would not be unfaithful to her marriage vows.她不会不忠于自己的结婚誓言。 responsibility noun responsibility ♦︎ duty ♦︎ charge ♦︎ obligation ♦︎ burden ♦︎ liability ♦︎ job ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ accountabilityThese are all words for sth that you have to do, or the state of being responsible for sth. 这些词均表示责任、职责、义务，或对某事负责。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a duty / an obligation / a burden / a commitment / accountability to sb / sth◆a responsibility / duty towards sb◆responsibility / liability / accountability for sth◆(a) heavy responsibility / obligations / burden / commitments◆(a) greater responsibility / obligation / burden / liability / accountability◆(a) personal responsibility / duty / charge / obligation / commitment / accountability◆collective / public responsibility / duty / accountability◆(a) professional / social responsibility / duty / obligation / commitment / accountability◆(a) financial responsibility / duty / obligation / burden / commitment / accountability◆(a) moral responsibility / duty / obligation / accountability◆(a) legal responsibility / duty / obligation / liability / accountability◆(a) family responsibility / duty / obligations / commitments◆to have a responsibility / a duty / charge / an obligation / liability / the job / a commitment◆to accept responsibility / a duty / an obligation / the burden / liability◆to bear / shoulder the responsibility / burden◆to fulfil / meet a responsibility / a duty / an obligation / a commitment◆a responsibility / a duty / the burden falls on sb■ responsibility [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a requirement to deal with sth, or help or take care of sb, because of your job or position 责任；职责；义务◆It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。◆I'm not ready to be in a position of responsibility.我还没准备好担任责任重大的职务。◆I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities.我不愿意承担新的责任。◆I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。ⓘ If you have a responsibility for sb/sth, you are the person who should be blamed if sth goes wrong. * have a responsibility for sb/sth指对某人或某事负有责任。 see also be responsible for sb/sth ⇨ run 2 ■ duty [countable, uncountable] something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility （道德或法律上的）责任，义务，本分◆It is my duty to report it to the police.把这事报告给警方是我的责任。◆I supposed we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我们最好履行义务，把事故上报。◆I'll have to go I'm afraid－duty calls.我想我得走了－公务在身。◆The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他花时间帮助新入职员工已经超越了职责的要求。■ charge [uncountable] the position of having control over sb/sth 掌管；照管；职责◆She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.她负责掌管日常业务。◆He took charge of the farm after his father's death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。◆They left the nanny in charge of the children for a week.他们把孩子留给保姆照料一周。ⓘ You can have/take charge of sb/sth or you can be in charge of sb/sth or leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth. 可以说have/take charge of sb/sth、be in charge of sb/sth或leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth。 see also be in charge ⇨ run 2 ■ obligation / /ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːblɪˈgeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (rather formal, especially written) the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law or rule; something which you must do because you have promised or because of a law or rule （法律或条例规定的或承诺过的）义务，责任，职责◆You are under no obligation to buy anything.你不是非买什么不可。◆She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth.她觉得没有义务告诉他实情。◆We will send you an estimate for the work without obligation (= you do not have to accept it).我们将把成本估算发给您，仅供参考。◆You must fulfil your legal obligations.你必须履行法律义务。 see also oblige ⇨ force verb ■ burden [countable] (rather formal) a duty or responsibility that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务或责任的）重担，负担◆The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.照料老人的重担大部分落到了国家头上。◆I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.我不想在年老时成为孩子的累赘。◆How can we reduce the heavy tax burden on working people?如何才能减少劳动者身上沉重的税负？▸ burden verb [transitive] ◆They have burdened themselves with a large mortgage.他们负担了一笔很高的按揭贷款。◆I don't want to burden you with my worries.我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。■ liability /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ / [uncountable] (rather formal, especially business 尤用于商业 or law 法律) the state of being legally responsible for sth （法律上对某事物的）责任，义务◆The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.本公司对自然灾害造成的任何损失概不承担责任。▸ liable adjective ◆You will be liable for any damage caused.任何损失均将由贵方负责。■ job [countable, usually singular] (rather informal, especially spoken) a responsibility or duty 责任；职责；义务◆It's not my job to lock up!上锁不是我的事儿！◆It's the job of the press to expose wrongdoing.揭露丑恶行为是新闻界的职责。ⓘ In this meaning job is usually used in the phrase It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth or it's the job of sb/sth to do sth. 表达此义时，job通常用于短语It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth或it's the job of sb/sth to do sth。■ commitment / /kəˈmɪtmənt/ / [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do, especially in connection with your work or family; the fact of having to pay an amount of money regularly （尤指与工作或家庭有关的）承诺之事，同意之事，不得不做之事；定期付款◆He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.他正忙于准备已经承诺的下个月拍电影的事。◆Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.妇女经常要工作和家庭两头忙。◆Buying a house is a big financial commitment.购房意味着要定期支付一大笔钱。■ accountability [uncountable] (formal) the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked （对自己的决定或行动）负有责任，应作解释◆There have been proposals for greater police accountability.已有人提议警方应负起更大责任。◆the accountability of a company's directors to the shareholders公司董事向股东所负之责▸ accountable adjective [not usually before noun] ◆Politicians are ultimately accountable to the voters.从政者最终是向选民负责。◆Someone must be held accountable for the killings.必须有人要对这些凶杀事件负责。 |