job noun ⇨job (apply for a job)⇨difficulty (have a hard job to do sth in time)⇨responsibility (It's not my job to lock up!)⇨task (odd jobs)⇨have a job⇨workverb2
job
noun
see also worknoun2job ♦︎ position ♦︎ post ♦︎ vacancy ♦︎ opening ♦︎ appointment ♦︎ postingThese are all words for a position doing work for which you receive regular payment.这些词均表示职位或职位空缺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a vacancy / an opening for sb◆a temporary job / position / post / vacancy / appointment / posting◆a permanent / full-time / part-time job / position / post / vacancy / appointment◆a good / top job / position / post / appointment◆a well-paid / highly-paid job / position / post◆to have / have got a job / a position / a post / a vacancy / an opening / an appointment / a posting◆to apply for a job / a position / a post / a vacancy / a posting◆to hold / seek a job / a position / a post / an appointment◆to look for / give sb a job / position / post / posting◆to find a job / position / post◆to get a job / a position / a post / an appointment / a posting◆to offer sb / take a job / a position / a post / an appointment / a posting◆to fill a job / position / post / vacancy◆to land / resign from / leave / quit / keep / lose a job / position / post◆to create / provide jobs / positions / posts / vacancies / openings■job [countable] a position doing work for which you receive regular payment工作；职业；职位◆He's trying to get a job in teaching.他正在找一份教师工作。◆I'm only doing my job(= I'm doing what I'm paid to do).我只是在做自己分内的事而已。◆He certainly knows his job(= is very good at his job).他无疑对自己的工作很在行。◆We provide training on the job(= while sb is actually doing the job).我们提供在职培训。◆She's been out of a job(= unemployed) for six months now.如今她已经失业六个月了。◆She's never had a steady job(= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她从未有过稳定的工作。◆Her job title is Senior Advisor.她的职称是高级顾问。◆Job satisfaction(= being happy with the job you do) is very important to me.工作上的满足感对我来说非常重要。■position [countable] (ratherformal) a job职位；职务◆She holds a senior position in a large corporation.她在一家大公司担任高层。◆I would like to apply for the position of sales director.我想申请销售部总监一职。ⓘ Position usually refers to a particular job within an organization, especially at a high level, and is not usually used about jobs generally. It is also often used in job applications, descriptions and advertisements. * position通常指机构内部的特定职务，特别是高层职位，不用来泛指工作。该词也常用于求职、职务说明和招聘广告中。 see also office ⇨ role■post [countable] (especially BrE) a job, especially an important one in a large organization职位；（尤指）要职◆Ideally I'm looking for an academic post.我心中最理想的是谋求一个教学职位。◆She was offered a key post in the new government.她获委任在新政府中担任要职。ⓘ In American English post is only really used for an appointed government job; in other cases where British English uses post, American English uses position.在美式英语中post仅指委任的政府职务，在其他场合中英式英语用post，美式英语用position◆a Cabinet post内阁职务◆an academic position教学职位■vacancy / /ˈveɪkənsi/ / [countable] a job that is available for sb to do职位空缺；空职；空额◆We have several vacancies for casual workers.我们缺几名临时工。◆We'll let you know if any more vacancies come up.如果再有职位空缺，我们会通知你。■opening [countable] a job that is available for sb to do职位空缺；空职；空额◆There are several openings in the sales departments.销售部有几个职位空缺。NOTE辨析 Vacancy or opening?These words have the same meaning and there is very little difference in their use. Vacancy is more frequent, especially in British English. Opening is slightly more informal and is used more in American English and in financial journalism.这两个词含义相同，用法上也没什么差别。vacancy比较常用，尤用于英式英语；opening稍欠正式，更多用于美式英语和财经新闻。■appointment [countable] (especially BrE, ratherformal) a job or position of responsibility职务；职位◆This is a permanent appointment, requiring commitment and hard work.这是一个固定职位，需要奉献精神和辛勤工作。 see also appoint ⇨ appoint■posting [countable] (especially BrE) an act of sending sb to a particular place to do their job, especially for a limited period of time; the job that sb is sent to do派驻；派驻的职位◆He asked for a posting to the Middle East.他申请派驻中东。◆Staff will work abroad on 2-5 year postings.员工将被派往海外工作2至5年。ⓘ Posting is also used in American English, but usually only to refer to limited-term government jobs. * posting也用于美式英语中，但通常仅指有期限的政府驻外职务。 see also post ⇨ send2
difficulty
noun
difficulty ♦︎ trouble ♦︎ job ♦︎ hassle ♦︎ botherThese are all words for the extra effort or work involved in doing sth, especially sth that is hard to do.这些词均表示困难或麻烦。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆difficulty / trouble / hassle / bother with sth◆trouble / hassle / bother over sth◆hassle / bother about sth◆the trouble / hassle / bother of doing sth◆without (any) difficulty / trouble / hassle / bother◆considerable / enormous / great / little difficulty / trouble◆to have difficulty / trouble / a job◆to cause (sb) difficulty / trouble / hassle / bother◆to be worth / save sb the trouble / hassle / bother◆to put sb to / go to a lot of / all that trouble / bother■difficulty [uncountable] the state or quality of being hard to do or to understand; the effort that sth involves艰难；困难；费劲◆I had considerable difficulty in persuading her to leave.我费了好大的劲才说服她离开。◆I had no difficulty making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。◆We found the house without difficulty.我们轻而易举就找到了那座房子。◆They discussed the difficulty of studying abroad.他们讨论了出国留学的难处。OPPease ⇨ easy1 see also difficulty ⇨ problem■trouble [uncountable] extra effort or work麻烦；烦扰；额外辛劳◆I hope the children weren't too much trouble.我希望这些孩子没有太烦人。◆Nothing is ever too much trouble for her(= she's always ready to help).她总是不怕辛劳，乐于助人。◆I can call back later－it's no trouble at all(= I don't mind).我可以过一会儿再打电话来，没关系。◆ (BrE) I don't want to put you to a lot of trouble.我不想给你添很多麻烦。◆He went to a lot of trouble to find the book for me.他不辞劳苦为我找到了那本书。◆Making your own yogurt is more trouble than it's worth.自己做酸奶很麻烦，不值得。◆The children didn't give me any trouble at all.孩子们一点儿也没有给我添麻烦。■job [singular] (BrE, ratherinformal) the difficulty or effort involved in doing sth费劲；气力；辛劳◆You'll have a job convincing them you're right.要让他们相信你是对的还得费点劲。◆She had a hard job to make herself heard above the noise.在一片嘈杂声中，她好不容易才使别人听见自己的声音。ⓘ In this meaning job is always used with the verb have.表达此义时，job总是与动词have连用。■hassle / /ˈhæsl/ / [uncountable, countable] (informal) a situation that is annoying because it involves doing sth difficult or complicated that involves a lot of work困难；麻烦◆She got the computer set up with no hassle at all.她毫不费劲就把计算机安装好了。◆Send them an email－it's a lot less hassle than phoning.给他们发个电邮吧，这比打电话省事多了。◆It saves you a lot of hassle if you buy tickets in advance.如果你事先购票，会省去许多麻烦。◆It's a hassle having to travel with so many bags.要带着这么多大包小包去旅行，真麻烦。■bother [uncountable] (especially BrE, ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) trouble or difficulty麻烦；困难◆You seem to have got yourself into a spot of bother.你好像遇到了点麻烦。◆I don't mind looking after the children; they aren't any bother.我不介意照看这些孩子，他们不烦人。◆'Thanks for your help!' 'It was no bother.'“多谢你的帮助！”“没什么。”NOTE辨析 Trouble or bother?The main difference between these words is register: bother is more informal and used more in spoken English than in written English. It is also used more in British English.这两个词的主要区别在于语体风格。bother不那么正式，多用于口语而非书面语，而且更多用于英式英语。
responsibility
noun
responsibility ♦︎ duty ♦︎ charge ♦︎ obligation ♦︎ burden ♦︎ liability ♦︎ job ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ accountabilityThese are all words for sth that you have to do, or the state of being responsible for sth.这些词均表示责任、职责、义务，或对某事负责。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a duty / an obligation / a burden / a commitment / accountability to sb / sth◆a responsibility / duty towards sb◆responsibility / liability / accountability for sth◆(a) heavy responsibility / obligations / burden / commitments◆(a) greater responsibility / obligation / burden / liability / accountability◆(a) personal responsibility / duty / charge / obligation / commitment / accountability◆collective / public responsibility / duty / accountability◆(a) professional / social responsibility / duty / obligation / commitment / accountability◆(a) financial responsibility / duty / obligation / burden / commitment / accountability◆(a) moral responsibility / duty / obligation / accountability◆(a) legal responsibility / duty / obligation / liability / accountability◆(a) family responsibility / duty / obligations / commitments◆to have a responsibility / a duty / charge / an obligation / liability / the job / a commitment◆to accept responsibility / a duty / an obligation / the burden / liability◆to bear / shoulder the responsibility / burden◆to fulfil / meet a responsibility / a duty / an obligation / a commitment◆a responsibility / a duty / the burden falls on sb■responsibility [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) a requirement to deal with sth, or help or take care of sb, because of your job or position责任；职责；义务◆It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。◆I'm not ready to be in a position of responsibility.我还没准备好担任责任重大的职务。◆I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities.我不愿意承担新的责任。◆I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。ⓘ If you have a responsibility for sb/sth, you are the person who should be blamed if sth goes wrong. * have a responsibility for sb/sth指对某人或某事负有责任。 see also be responsible for sb/sth ⇨ run2■duty [countable, uncountable] something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility（道德或法律上的）责任，义务，本分◆It is my duty to report it to the police.把这事报告给警方是我的责任。◆I supposed we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我们最好履行义务，把事故上报。◆I'll have to go I'm afraid－duty calls.我想我得走了－公务在身。◆The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他花时间帮助新入职员工已经超越了职责的要求。■charge [uncountable] the position of having control over sb/sth掌管；照管；职责◆She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.她负责掌管日常业务。◆He took charge of the farm after his father's death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。◆They left the nanny in charge of the children for a week.他们把孩子留给保姆照料一周。ⓘ You can have/take charge of sb/sth or you can be in charge of sb/sth or leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth.可以说have/take charge of sb/sth、be in charge of sb/sth或leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth。 see also be in charge ⇨ run2■obligation / /ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃn; NAmEˌɑːblɪˈgeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law or rule; something which you must do because you have promised or because of a law or rule（法律或条例规定的或承诺过的）义务，责任，职责◆You are under no obligation to buy anything.你不是非买什么不可。◆She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth.她觉得没有义务告诉他实情。◆We will send you an estimate for the work without obligation(= you do not have to accept it).我们将把成本估算发给您，仅供参考。◆You must fulfil your legal obligations.你必须履行法律义务。 see also oblige ⇨ forceverb■burden [countable] (ratherformal) a duty or responsibility that causes worry, difficulty or hard work（义务或责任的）重担，负担◆The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.照料老人的重担大部分落到了国家头上。◆I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.我不想在年老时成为孩子的累赘。◆How can we reduce the heavy tax burden on working people?如何才能减少劳动者身上沉重的税负？▸burden
verb
[transitive] ◆They have burdened themselves with a large mortgage.他们负担了一笔很高的按揭贷款。◆I don't want to burden you with my worries.我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。■liability /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ / [uncountable] (ratherformal, especially business尤用于商业orlaw法律) the state of being legally responsible for sth（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务◆The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.本公司对自然灾害造成的任何损失概不承担责任。▸liable
adjective
◆You will be liable for any damage caused.任何损失均将由贵方负责。■job [countable, usually singular] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) a responsibility or duty责任；职责；义务◆It's not my job to lock up!上锁不是我的事儿！◆It's the job of the press to expose wrongdoing.揭露丑恶行为是新闻界的职责。ⓘ In this meaningjob is usually used in the phrase It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth or it's the job of sb/sth to do sth.表达此义时，job通常用于短语It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth或it's the job of sb/sth to do sth。■commitment / /kəˈmɪtmənt/ / [countable] (especially business尤用于商业) a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do, especially in connection with your work or family; the fact of having to pay an amount of money regularly（尤指与工作或家庭有关的）承诺之事，同意之事，不得不做之事；定期付款◆He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.他正忙于准备已经承诺的下个月拍电影的事。◆Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.妇女经常要工作和家庭两头忙。◆Buying a house is a big financial commitment.购房意味着要定期支付一大笔钱。■accountability [uncountable] (formal) the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked（对自己的决定或行动）负有责任，应作解释◆There have been proposals for greater police accountability.已有人提议警方应负起更大责任。◆the accountability of a company's directors to the shareholders公司董事向股东所负之责▸accountable
adjective
[not usually before noun] ◆Politicians are ultimately accountable to the voters.从政者最终是向选民负责。◆Someone must be held accountable for the killings.必须有人要对这些凶杀事件负责。
task
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ assignment另见assignment条task ♦︎ work ♦︎ duty ♦︎ mission ♦︎ job ♦︎ business ♦︎ housework ♦︎ chore ♦︎ errand ♦︎ commissionThese are all words for a piece of work that sb has to do.这些词均表示任务、工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) routine task / work / duties / mission / job / business / chore◆(a) daily / day-to-day task / work / duties / job / business / chore◆(a / an) easy / difficult task / work / mission / job◆(a) challenging task / work / job◆(a) dangerous task / work / mission / job◆(a) household / domestic task / work / duties / job / chore◆to do a task / your work / a job / business / the housework / a chore / an errand◆to have a task / work / job / the housework / a chore / an errand to do◆to get the task / work / job / housework / chores done◆to get on with a task / your work / a job / the housework / a chore◆to carry out a task / the work / your duties / a mission / a job / a commission◆to finish a task / the work / a mission / a job / your business / the housework / the chores◆to take on / undertake a task / the work / your duties / a mission / a job◆to tackle / approach a task / the work / a job◆to give sb a task / some work / their duties / a mission / a job / a chore / a commission◆to set (sb) a task / their duties◆to accept a task / a mission / a commission◆to be on a mission / a job / business / an errand■task [countable] a piece of work that sb has to do, especially a difficult or unpleasant one（尤指艰巨或令人厌烦的）任务，工作◆Our first task will be to set up a communications system.我们的首项任务是架设通信系统。◆She had the unenviable task of talking to the missing girl's parents.她承担了和失踪女孩的父母谈话的艰难任务。◆The task eventually fell to me(= I had to do it).这项任务最终落到我头上。◆Getting hold of the information was no easy task(= it was difficult).把这一情报搞到手绝非易事。■work [uncountable] the tasks and activities that are part of your job; tasks that need to be done职责；工作内容◆Police work is mainly routine.警察的工作基本上都是按部就班的。◆I have some work for you to do.我有些事要你做。◆Stop talking and get on with your work.别说话了，继续干你们的活吧。■duty [uncountable] ( duties [plural]) the work that is your job; tasks that are part of your job职责；任务◆Report for duty at 8 a.m.早上8点钟报到上班。◆He was accused of neglecting his professional duties.他被控玩忽职守。◆Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.你的职责包括建立一个新的计算机系统。◆The suspect was charged with obstructing an officer in the course of his duties(= while doing what his job requires).嫌疑犯被控防碍执行公务罪。NOTE辨析 Work or duties?Both these words refer to things that you do as part of your job, but work has a wider meaning than duties. Your duties are the list of tasks that you have to do because they are your responsibility and that you can be criticized or punished for not doing. Your work is all the activities that you do in the course of doing your job, and these activities may be seen as opportunities as much as responsibilities.这两个词均表示工作范围内的事，但work的意思比duty广。duty指必须要做的工作或职责，不做会受到批评或处罚。work指工作过程中的所有活动，这些活动可被视为责任，也可看作是机会。■mission / /ˈmɪʃn/ / [countable] an important official job that a person or group of people is given to do, especially when they are sent to another country（尤指派往他国的）官方使命，使团的使命◆a trade mission to China赴华贸易使命◆The mission ended in failure.这项使命以失败告终。◆They undertook a fact-finding mission in the region.他们承担了在该地区调查真相的工作。■job [countable] a piece of work that sb has to do（一项）事务；（一件）工作，活儿，事情◆I've got various jobs around the house to do.我在家里有各种各样的活儿要干。◆Sorting these papers is going to be a long job.整理这些文件是件很费工夫的事。◆Bringing up kids is a full-time job.带孩子是一个全职工作。◆He spends his time doing odd jobs(= various jobs in the home).他把时间用在干家里的杂活。NOTE辨析 Task or job?A task may be more difficult than a job and require you to think carefully about how you are going to do it. A job may be sth small that is one of several jobs that you have to do, especially in the home; or it can be sth that takes a long time and is boring and/or needs a lot of patience. * task可能比job艰巨，需要仔细思考如何去做；job可指几件要做的事情中的一件小事，尤指家务活；job有时指费时、沉闷或需要极大耐心的工作。■business [uncountable] work that is part of your job, especially work that involves talking and doing deals with other people in business商务；公事◆a business trip / lunch出差；工作午餐◆Is the trip to Rome business or pleasure?这次去罗马是出差还是游玩？◆She's away on business.她出差去了。OPPpleasure ⇨ entertainment➡ See also the entry for ⇨ business2另见business条第2义■housework / /ˈhaʊswɜːk; NAmEˈhaʊswɜːrk/ [uncountable] the work involved in taking care of a home and family, for example cleaning and cooking（打扫和做饭等）家务活，家务事◆I spent all morning doing housework.我用了一个上午做家务。■chore [countable] a task that you have to do regularly, especially one that you do in the home and find unpleasant or boring日常事务，例行工作（尤指令人厌烦或乏味无聊的家务事）◆Of all the household chores, I hate ironing most.所有的家务事中，我最不喜欢熨衣服。◆I find shopping a real chore(= a boring and unpleasant job).对我来说，购物真是件苦差事。■errand /ˈerənd/ / [countable] a job that you do for sb that involves going somewhere, for example in order to buy sth, deliver sth or take a message（替别人做的）差使，差事◆He often runs errands for his grandmother.他经常给他的祖母跑腿儿。■commission / /kəˈmɪʃn/ / [countable] a formal request to sb to do a piece of work for you, such as designing a building or doing a painting（正式的）委托工作（如请人做建筑设计或作画等）◆Who won the commission to design the new town hall?谁赢得了设计新市政厅的委托工作？◆The work will be done by commission(= sb will be formally asked to do it).该工程将通过委托方式请人来做。
work2
verb
work on an assignment做作业work as a teacher/in education当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practiseThese words all mean to earn money through work.这些词均表示以工作赚钱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sth◆to work / be employed / have a job at a place■work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment工作；就业；上班◆Both my parents work.我父母都工作。◆She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。◆I've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。◆Do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗？■be emˈployed [transitive, passive] (ratherformal) to do work for which you receive regular payment工作；就业；上班◆For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.过去三年来他一直受雇当消防员。◆A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.雇来一些人处理积压的工作。 see also employ ⇨ employ, unemployed ⇨ unemployed■ˌhave a ˈjob
phrase
(has, had, had)to do work for which you receive regular payment工作；就业；上班◆She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服务员。◆I've got a temporary job at the moment.现在我找到了个临时工作。◆She's never had a steady job(= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她从未有过稳定的工作。NOTE辨析 Work, be employed or have a job?Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to. * work在这些词中含义最广，可以指某一时段的某个工作，可以指一般性的工作，也可以指有工作这一事实。be employed多指特定的工作或工作类型，并常与as或to连用◆be employed as a teacher当教师◆be employed to train users in the new system受雇培训用户使用新系统Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作◆Do you have a job?你有工作吗？It can also be used with as in a similar way to work. * have a job也可以像work一样与as连用◆She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家鸡尾酒酒吧里当服务员。In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work.在这种用法中，have a job多用于过去时，而且表示那一段时间的受雇状况较为临时性质。have a job较work稍不正式。■ˌearn a ˈliving■ˌearn your ˈliving
phrase
to work for money to buy the things that you need in life维持生计；谋生◆She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。■be in work
idiom
(BrE) to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed(= not having a job)有工作◆Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他们中的大部分人曾有过工作，但都是临时性的。 see also out of work ⇨ unemployed■practise (BrE) (NAmEpractice) [intransitive, transitive] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc.当医生；当律师；从事专职工作◆There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格兰和威尔士有5万多律师执业。◆He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已从事律师工作多年。◆She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行医。