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common adj.
⇨ common (share a common interest) ⇨ general 1 (a common sight) ⇨ normal (common frogs/decency) ⇨ working class (She was very common and uneducated.)common noun
⇨ grass common adjective common ♦︎ public ♦︎ joint ♦︎ collective ♦︎ popular ♦︎ communal ♦︎ cooperativeThese words all describe sth that is shared by or involves a number of people. 这些词均表示共有的、共享的、公共的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆common / public / joint / collective / communal property◆common / public / communal land◆common / joint / collective / communal ownership / responsibility◆a common / joint / collective / communal / cooperative enterprise◆a joint / collective / communal / cooperative effort◆joint / collective / communal / cooperative action◆a joint / collective / communal decision◆common / collective / popular opinion■ common [usually before noun] shared by or belonging to two or more people or by the people in a group 共有的；共享的；共同的◆They share a common interest in photography.他们在摄影方面兴趣相投。◆This decision was taken for the common good (= the advantage of everyone).作出这个决定是为了共同的利益。◆It is, by common consent, Scotland's prettiest coast (= everyone agrees that it is).这是苏格兰公认的最美的海岸。◆Some basic features are common to all human languages.有些基本特征是所有人类语言共有的。■ public [only before noun] provided, especially by the government, for the use of people in general 公共的；公立的◆ (BrE) There is a desperate need to improve public transport in the city.这座城市亟须改进公共交通。◆ (NAmE) public transportation公共交通◆The information is available in any public library.该信息可以在任何公共图书馆查到。◆He was charged with destroying public property.他被指控破坏公共财产。OPP private ⇨ own ■ joint [only before noun] involving or shared by two or more people together 联合的；共同的◆They were joint owners of the house.他们共同拥有这栋房子。◆We opened a joint account when we got married.我们结婚时开了一个联合账户。◆They divorced two years ago, but he has joint custody of the children (= he shares care of the children with his ex-wife).他们两年前离婚了，但是他对孩子有共同监护权。◆They finished in joint first place.他们获得并列第一。OPP separate ⇨ particular ▸ jointly adverb ◆The event was organized jointly by students and staff.这个活动是师生共同组织的。■ collective / /kəˈlektɪv/ / [usually before noun] done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a whole group or society; used to refer to all members of a group 集体的；共同的；全体成员的；总称的◆MPs heaved a collective sigh of relief when the news was announced last night.昨晚消息发布时，下院议员一起如释重负地松了口气。◆The austerities of wartime Europe were still fresh in the collective memory (= memories shared by the whole of society).战时欧洲的艰苦生活在公众的集体记忆中仍然鲜活。◆The collective name for mast, boom and sails on a boat is the 'rig'.船的桅杆、帆桁和帆统称为“索具”。OPP individual ⇨ particular ▸ collectively adverb ◆We have had a successful year, both collectively and individually.我们这一年很成功，无论是对集体还是对个人而言。■ popular [only before noun](of ideas, beliefs and opinions) shared by a large number of people （观念、信仰、意见）普遍的，大众的，流行的◆By popular demand, the tour has been extended by two weeks.应大家要求，这次旅行延长了两周。◆Contrary to popular belief, women cause fewer road accidents than men.与普遍的看法相左，女性交通肇事比男性少。▸ popularly adverb ◆a popularly held belief多数人持有的看法■ communal /kəˈmjuːnl, ˈkɒmjənl; NAmE ˈkɑːmjənl/ shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together （尤指居住在一起的人）共享的，共有的，共用的◆As a student I tried communal living for a few years.当学生时我尝试过几年集体生活。◆He led me down the corridor to the communal kitchen.他带我走过通往共用厨房的过道。OPP individual ⇨ own , separate ⇨ particular ▸ communally adverb ◆The property was owned communally.该财产属集体所有。■ cooperative (BrE also co-operative) /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv; NAmE koʊˈɑːpərətɪv/ [usually before noun] involving people or groups doing sth together or working together towards a shared aim 合作的；协作的；同心协力的◆Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work.要把社区工作做好，协作活动是必不可少的。◆This is a cooperative venture with the University of Copenhagen.这是与哥本哈根大学的一个合作项目。 general1 adjective a general problem 普遍的问题in general terms 一般说来 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ wide 1 另见wide条第1义general ♦︎ common ♦︎ widespread ♦︎ universal ♦︎ prevalent ♦︎ commonplace ♦︎ ubiquitous ♦︎ rifeThese words all describe things that are often or almost always found, done, thought or felt. 这些词均表示普遍的、常见的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the disease is common / widespread / prevalent / rife◆violence is common / widespread / commonplace / rife◆in general / common / widespread / universal use◆the general / common / widespread / universal / prevalent view◆a general / common / widespread / universal / prevalent problem◆a general / common / widespread / universal feeling◆general / widespread / universal acclaim■ general affecting all or most people, places or things 全体的；普遍的；总的◆The general opinion is that a new bridge is needed.普遍认为需要建一座新桥。◆As a foreigner and a teacher, I was the object of general interest.作为外国人和一名教师，大家都对我感兴趣。◆The unions threatened a further general strike (= one that affects all workers in an industry or country).工会威胁说要举行进一步的总罢工。◆The bad weather has been fairly general (= has affected most areas).坏天气影响的范围相当广。 see also general ⇨ usual ▸ generally adverb ◆The software will be generally available from January.该软件将从1月份开始全面上市。■ common happening often; existing in large numbers or in many places 常见的；通常的；普遍的◆Jones and Davies are common Welsh names.琼斯和戴维斯是常见的威尔士人名。◆The fungus is a common sight in woodlands at this time of year.这种真菌每年这个时节在林地中随处可见。◆It's a common enough situation, I know.我知道这是一种很常见的情况。OPP rare , uncommon ⇨ rare see also commonly ⇨ usually ■ widespread / /ˈwaɪdspred/ / existing or happening over a large area or among many people 分布广的；广泛的；普遍的◆The storm caused widespread damage.暴风雨造成大范围的破坏。◆The decision met with widespread approval.这个决定获得了普遍认可。◆The use of steroids was widespread in many sports.类固醇的使用在许多运动项目中都很普遍。■ universal / /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl; NAmE ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/ done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group 普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的◆A representative assembly is a near universal feature of modern democracies.代表大会几乎是现代民主的普遍特征。◆Agreement on this issue is almost universal.几乎所有人都同意这一点。◆The party wanted to introduce a universal health care system.该党想推行全民医疗保健制度。▸ universally adverb ◆The document is now universally acknowledged as a forgery.现在普遍认为那份文件是伪造的。■ prevalent /ˈprevələnt/ / (formal) that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place 流行的；普遍存在的；盛行的◆Temporary working is most prevalent among people in service occupations.临时工作在服务业从业人员中最为普遍。◆Our diet contributes to the high levels of heart disease prevalent in this country.饮食导致心脏病在这个国家很常见。 see also prevail ⇨ exist ■ commonplace / /ˈkɒmənpleɪs; NAmE ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/ done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual or surprising 平凡的；普通的；普遍的◆It is commonplace for soldiers to get very little sleep.士兵睡得很少，这很平常。◆Violent incidents of this kind have become commonplace.这种暴力事件已很普遍。■ ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ / [usually before noun] (formal or humorous) seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time 处处可见的；无所不在的◆The ubiquitous portraits of the president usually showed him in military uniform.总统在他随处可见的画像中通常穿着军装。■ rife / /raɪf/ / [not before noun](of sth bad) very common in a particular place （坏事）盛行，普遍◆Rumours have been rife in media circles all summer.整个夏天，谣言在媒体圈里四处传播。◆Speculation is rife that the company is about to be sold.大家纷纷猜测那家公司要被卖掉。 normal adjective normal ♦︎ ordinary ♦︎ average ♦︎ common ♦︎ typicalThese words all describe people, things or events that are not special or different. 这些词均表示普通的、平常的、一般的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be normal / common for sb to do sth / for sth to happen◆the normal / ordinary / average / common man◆a normal / an ordinary / the average person◆the normal / ordinary / common sort◆a normal / an ordinary / an average / a typical working day◆in the normal / ordinary course of events / business / things◆pretty / fairly normal / ordinary / average / typical◆quite normal / ordinary / typical■ normal what you would expect; happening in most cases 正常的；一般的◆Her temperature was normal.她体温正常。◆The help desk is available during normal office hours.在正常上班时间内咨询台可以提供服务。◆He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life.他应该能够过完全正常的生活。◆It's normal to feel tired after such a long journey.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。◆Life continued as normal.生活照常继续。◆The skin surface is resistant to infection under normal circumstances.一般情况下，皮肤表层对感染有抵抗力。OPP exceptional ⇨ special , strange , odd , weird ⇨ strange 1 ▸ normality /nɔːˈmæləti; NAmE nɔːrˈmæləti/ noun [uncountable] ◆They are hoping for a return to normality now that the war is over.既然战争结束了，他们希望一切都恢复常态。▸ normally adverb ◆The exercise normally takes twenty minutes.这项运动一般要花二十分钟。◆His heart is beating normally.他心跳正常。■ ordinary [usually before noun] not unusual or special in any way 普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的◆We were an ordinary family.我们是普普通通的一家人。◆The images can be printed on ordinary paper.这些图像可以印在普通纸张上。◆It began as an ordinary sort of day.那一天开始时一如平常。◆This was no ordinary meeting.这次会议非同小可。◆ (BrE) He was not a nervous person in the ordinary way (= usually).一般而言，他不是个爱紧张的人。 OPP extraordinary ⇨ remarkable , special ⇨ special NOTE 辨析 Normal or ordinary?Something that is normal is as it should be or as you would expect. * normal指事物是本来该有的样子或你所期待的样子◆Her temperature was ordinary. ◆It's ordinary to feel tired after such a long journey. People or things that are abnormal are not as they should be. The word ordinary makes no comment about how things should be, only about how things are, whether you think this is good or bad. People or things that are extraordinary are special or unusual in some way and this also may be a good or a bad thing. * abnormal指人或事物不是本来该有的样子。ordinary这个词对事物应该是什么样子不作评论，只描述实际上是通常的样子，不管你觉得好还是不好。extraordinary指人或事物在某种程度上是特殊的、不一般的，可以是好，也可以是坏。 see also abnormal ⇨ abnormal , ordinary ⇨ average ■ average approximately the same as most others 正常的；普通的；一般的◆An entrance fee of £5 is about average.5英镑的入场费算是正常。◆The route is for walkers of average ability.这条路线适合能力一般的步行者。 see also average ⇨ average ■ common [only before noun] not unusual or special in any way; ordinary 普通的；平常的；平凡的◆I wanted a recording of the common cuckoo.我想要常见的布谷鸟叫声的录音。◆Oats were the staple food of the common people (= the majority of the population, who are not rich).燕麦是平民百姓的主食。◆In most people's eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal.在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。◆Polite letters of rejection are a matter of common courtesy.写信婉言谢绝属于起码的礼貌。ⓘ Common has the same meaning as ordinary, but is mostly used in a fixed number of different ways. It describes animals or plants that are of the most usual type and not rare or unusual in any way * common与ordinary同义，但主要用于几种固定的用法。common可描述最常见的动物或植物，不稀罕，也不特别◆common gulls / frogs / ragwort常见的海鸥／青蛙／狗舌草it describes people who have no special rank or position 可描述无特殊头衔或职位的人◆common people / soldiers / criminals平民百姓；普通的士兵／罪犯and it describes good qualities of a sort or level that you expect most people to have. 可描述你期待多数人会有的好品质◆common courtesy / decency起码的礼貌／礼节 see also common sense ⇨ wisdom ■ typical happening in the usual way; showing what sth is usually like 一贯的；平常的◆Each woman was asked to describe a typical working day.每个女性被要求描述一下平常的工作日是什么样子的。◆Typical interview questions are 'Why do you want to study law?' or 'Why did you choose this college?'通常的面试问题包括“你为什么要攻读法律？”或“你为什么选择这个学院？”OPP atypical ⇨ unusual ▸ typically adverb ◆The factory typically produces 500 cars a week.这家工厂通常每周生产500辆汽车。◆Typically, the contracts were for five years.合同的期限一般为五年。 working class adjective working class ♦︎ lowly ♦︎ common ♦︎ proletarian ♦︎ humbleThese words all describe people from a low social class or of low status, or things connected with low social class or low status. 这些词均表示社会地位低下的、卑微的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆working-class / common / humble people◆working-class / lowly / humble origins◆(of) lowly / humble birth◆a working-class / proletarian / humble hero■ ˌworking ˈclass belonging to or typical of the social class whose members do not have much money or power and are usually employed to do work with their hands 工人阶级的◆The group was set up and led largely by working-class women.该组织主要由工人阶级妇女建立并领导。◆She grew up in a working-class area.她在工人阶级的居住区长大。 see also working class ⇨ the general public , upper class ⇨ aristocratic , middle class ⇨ middle class adj. ■ lowly /ˈləʊli; NAmE ˈloʊli/ (often humorous) (especially of a person or their job) low in status or importance （尤指人或职位）低下的，不重要的，无足轻重的◆His first job was as a lowly assistant gardener.他做的第一份工作是低下的园丁助理。■ common [not usually before noun] (BrE, disapproving, often humorous) typical of sb from a low social class and lacking good manners or culture 地位低的；粗俗的；庸俗的◆She thought he was very common and uneducated.她觉得他很粗俗、没教养。◆He's as common as muck, but he's got a lot of posh friends.他是个普通人，却结交了不少上流社会的朋友。ⓘ To describe sb as common is now mostly considered to be snobbish (= showing that you think you are better than other people because of your high social class) and it is mostly used humorously. 如今，用common形容人多被认为是势利的，现多用于幽默。OPP posh ⇨ aristocratic ■ proletarian /ˌprəʊləˈteəriən; NAmE ˌproʊləˈteriən/ (rather formal, often disapproving) (used especially when talking about the past) connected with ordinary people who earn money by working, especially those who do not own any property （尤指旧时）无产阶级的，工人阶级的◆Marx hoped that the proletarian revolution would soon follow.马克思希望无产阶级革命随即到来。OPP bourgeois ⇨ middle class adj. see also the proletariat ⇨ the general public ■ humble (literary or humorous) (especially of a person or their job) low in status or social position （尤指人或职位）低下的，卑微的◆He had worked his way up from humble beginnings.他从卑微的底层一路奋斗到今天的地位。 grass noun grass ♦︎ lawn ♦︎ turf ♦︎ green ♦︎ commonThese are all words for an area of ground covered with grass. 这些词均表示草地、草坪、草场。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆on the grass / lawn / turf / green / common◆to sit on / cut / mow the grass / lawn■ grass [singular, uncountable] ( usually 通常作 the grass) an area of ground covered with grass 草地；草坪；草场◆We all sat down on the grass.我们都坐在草坪上。◆Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草地。■ lawn [countable] an area of ground covered in short grass in a garden or park, or used for playing a game （花园中或运动用的）草坪，草地◆They served afternoon tea on the lawn.他们在草坪上提供下午茶。◆The hotel boasts two tennis courts and a croquet lawn.那家酒店拥有两个网球场和一个槌球草坪。■ turf /tɜːf; NAmE tɜːrf/ [uncountable] short grass and the surface layer of soil that is held together by its roots 草皮◆Try not to walk on newly laid turf until it has rooted down into the soil.在草扎根土壤之前，尽量不要在新铺的草皮上行走。■ green [countable] (BrE) an area of grass, especially in the middle of a town or village （尤指城镇或村中央的）草地，草坪，公共绿地◆Children were playing on the village green.孩子们在村中央的草地上玩耍。ⓘ In golf (in both British and American English) a green is an area of grass cut short around a hole in a golf course. 在英式和美式英语中，green均可指高尔夫球运动场地的果岭，即球穴周围草被剪短的区域◆the 18th green第18果岭◆Did the ball land on the green?球落在果岭了吗？ ■ common [countable] an area of open land in a town or village that anyone may use 公共用地；公地◆We went for a walk on the common.我们在公地上散步。◆Wimbledon Common covers an area of 1 200 acres.温布尔登公地占地1 200英亩。 |