| 例句 |
hold back phrasal verb
⇨ block 1 (hold back the negotiations) ⇨ hesitate (hold back from saying what you really think) ⇨ suppress 2 (hold back your tears)block1 verb block plans 阻碍计划的实施block the drain 堵塞下水道block sb's exit 挡住某人的去路 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ disrupt and ⇨ hold sb/sth up 另见disrupt条和hold sb/sth up条block ♦︎ interfere with sth ♦︎ handicap ♦︎ inhibit ♦︎ hamper ♦︎ hinder ♦︎ obstruct ♦︎ hold sb/sth backThese words all mean to prevent sth from happening, developing or making progress. 这些词均表示妨碍、阻挠、阻碍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hamper sb / hinder sb / hold sb back from (doing) sth◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct / hold back progress◆to block / interfere with / handicap / inhibit / hamper / hinder / hold back growth◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct development◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hinder / obstruct a process◆to interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct sb's work◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder sb's ability (to do sth)◆to inhibit / hamper / hinder / hold back the recovery of sb / sth◆to block / hamper / hinder / obstruct an investigation◆to block / hamper / hinder sb's efforts◆to seriously interfere with / handicap / inhibit / hamper / hinder sb / sth◆to deliberately block / hinder / obstruct sth◆to greatly / significantly / severely handicap / hamper / hinder■ block [transitive] to prevent sth from happening, developing or making progress, especially by using official rules or procedures （尤指以官方的规章或程序）妨碍，阻碍◆The proposed merger has been blocked by the government.建议中的合并计划已经遭政府叫停。◆The new rules would effectively block protesters' attempts to assert their rights.这些新规章将大大妨碍抗议者的维权努力。■ interˈfere with sth phrasal verb to prevent sth from succeeding or happening as planned 妨碍；干扰◆She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work.她从不让自己的个人感情妨碍工作。◆Poor language skills can seriously interfere with communication.语言能力不佳会严重妨碍交流。▸ interference noun [uncountable] ◆We will not allow any interference with the normal democratic processes.我们绝不允许对正常的民主进程有任何干扰。NOTE 辨析 Block or interfere with sth?People usually block things such as plans or efforts deliberately. Things usually interfere with sth without anyone particularly intending them to. * block通常跟plan、effort等词搭配，指蓄意妨碍、阻碍。interfere with sth通常指并非有意妨碍、干扰。■ handicap / /ˈhændikæp/ / (-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] to be a disadvantage which makes it more difficult for sb to do or achieve sth 妨碍；阻碍◆British exports have been handicapped by the strong pound.英镑坚挺，影响了英国的出口。◆The team was handicapped by the loss of their key striker early in the game.开场没多久就失去了主力前锋使球队处于不利的地位。 see also handicap ⇨ obstacle ■ inhibit / /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to prevent sth from happening or developing as quickly or as much as it would normally do 阻止，阻碍，抑制（正常的发展或进度）◆A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.缺氧可能阻碍胎儿大脑的发育。◆Alcohol significantly inhibits the action of the drug.酒精大大地抑制了药效。■ hamper [transitive] to make it more difficult for sb to do sth or achieve sth 妨碍；阻止；阻碍◆High winds hampered the rescue attempt.大风阻碍了救援行动。◆Our efforts were severely hampered by a lack of money.资金不足使我们的努力大打折扣。OPP help ⇨ help verb 2 ■ hinder [transitive] to make it more difficult for sb to do sth or achieve sth, often by delaying progress 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡（从而拖慢进度）◆These killings have seriously hindered progress towards peace.这些杀戮事件严重阻碍了和平进程。◆Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources.有些教师因资源不足而感到困难重重。OPP help ⇨ help verb 2 see also hindrance ⇨ obstacle NOTE 辨析 Handicap, hamper or hinder?If a person, project or process is handicapped, it is difficult for them to make progress or to achieve sth because of a weakness or disadvantage, such as lack of money or equipment, rules and regulations, etc. If sb is hindered or hampered in doing sth, making progress may also be difficult because of a weakness or disadvantage, or there might be some outside person or factor which actively makes progress difficult, for example bad weather or people who do not cooperate with them. * handicap指人、项目或进程因为某个缺点或不利条件而受阻，如资金或设备不足、规章制度的限制等。hinder和hamper既可以指因某个缺点或不利条件而受阻，也可以指因局外人或外在因素而使进展困难，如天气不好或有人不合作。■ obstruct / /əbˈstrʌkt/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to deliberately prevent sb from doing sth or from making progress 故意妨碍；刻意阻挠◆They were charged with obstructing the police in the course of their duty.他们被指控妨碍警察执行公务。◆He accused terrorists of attempting to obstruct the peace process.他谴责恐怖分子企图阻碍和平进程。■ hold sb/sth back phrasal verb to prevent or slow down the progress or development of sb/sth 妨碍进展；拖慢进度◆Do you think that mixed ability classes hold back better students?你认为把能力参差的学生混在一班会妨碍高水平学生的进步吗？◆They are determined that nothing should hold back the negotiations.他们决意什么也不能阻挡谈判的进行。OPP encourage ⇨ encourage 3 hesitate verb hesitate ♦︎ shy away from sth ♦︎ shrink from sth ♦︎ hold back ♦︎ think twice ♦︎ baulk ♦︎ recoilThese words all mean to avoid doing sth because you are worried that it might be difficult or unpleasant. 这些词均表示迟疑、畏避。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to shy away / shrink / hold back / recoil from sth◆to baulk / recoil at sth◆to shy away from / shrink from / think twice about / baulk at doing sth◆to shy away from / shrink from / recoil from a / an idea / thought / prospect◆to shy away from / shrink from the truth◆to make sb hesitate / hold back / think twice / baulk / recoil◆to hesitate / hold back (for) a moment◆to hesitate / hold back / recoil a little■ hesitate [intransitive] (rather formal) to be worried about doing sth, especially because you are not sure that it is right or appropriate 顾虑；疑虑◆Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。 see also hesitate ⇨ pause verb ▸ hesitation noun [uncountable] ◆She agreed without the slightest hesitation.她毫不犹豫地同意了。◆I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。■ ˌshy aˈway from sth phrasal verb to avoid doing sth because you are nervous, afraid or shy 畏避；回避；躲避◆Hugh never shied away from his responsibilities.休从不推卸自己的责任。◆The newspapers have shied away from investigating the story.各家报纸纷纷退避，不敢调查这一事件。ⓘ Typical collocates of shy away from sth are question, subject, idea, prospect, commitment, truth, publicity and scandal. * shy away from的常见搭配词有question、subject、idea、prospect、commitment、truth、publicity和scandal。■ ˈshrink from sth phrasal verb (written) to be unwilling to do sth that is difficult or unpleasant 畏避，回避（困难或不快的事）◆We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation.我们向他们清楚地表明，我们不会畏避交锋。◆They did not shrink from doing what was right.只要是对的事，他们就无所畏惧，大胆去做。■ ˌhold ˈback phrasal verb (held, held)to hesitate to act or speak 踌躇；犹豫◆He wanted to tell her about it, but held back for fear of upsetting her again.他本想告诉她那件事，却没开口，怕再惹她生气。◆She held back from saying what she really thought about it.她踌躇着，没有说出自己的真实想法。NOTE 辨析 Hesitate or hold back?People hesitate when they are not sure what to do and are worried about doing the wrong thing; people hold back when they feel that what they really want to do may not actually be the best thing or what other people want. * hesitate指不知如何是好，担心犯错；hold back指担心真正想做的事可能并非上策或不合他人心意，因而犹豫。■ think ˈtwice idiom (thought, thought)to think carefully before deciding to do sth 三思而行；慎重考虑后再决定◆You should think twice about employing someone you've never met.聘用未曾谋面的人要三思。■ baulk (BrE) (NAmE usually balk) / /bɔːk/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to be unwilling to do sth or become involved in sth because it is difficult, dangerous or expensive （因困难、危险或昂贵）畏缩，回避◆Many parents may baulk at the idea of paying $100 for a pair of shoes.许多家长可能不愿意花100元买双鞋。ⓘ Baulk suggests sb stopping suddenly when you are told sth such as a price or a new idea. There is a stronger sense of protest suggested in baulk compared with shy away from sth or shrink from sth. * baulk暗指听到价格或新的想法等时突然放弃之前的打算；与shy away from sth和shrink from sth相比，baulk表示抗拒的意味更强。■ recoil / /rɪˈkɔɪl/ / [intransitive] (written) to react to an idea or situation with strong dislike or fear 对⋯作出厌恶（或恐惧）的反应◆She recoiled from the idea of betraying her own brother.她一想到要背叛自己的亲兄弟就感到恐惧。NOTE 辨析 Shrink from sth or recoil? Recoil suggests a reaction of shock or horror; shrink from sth suggests a strong feeling of not wanting to do sth, but the feeling is less strong than with recoil. * recoil强调作出震惊或恐惧的反应；shrink from sth强调极力回避某事，但厌恶的感觉不如recoil强烈。 suppress2 verb suppress a rebellion 镇压叛乱suppress a feeling 压抑感情suppress ♦︎ control ♦︎ stifle ♦︎ contain ♦︎ restrain ♦︎ keep from sth ♦︎ repress ♦︎ hold sth back ♦︎ check ♦︎ curbThese words all mean to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion. 这些词均表示对情感加以抑制、克制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to control / contain / restrain / check yourself◆to restrain / keep yourself from doing sth◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back / check your anger◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain / repress / check / curb an impulse◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / restrain / repress an urge◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / repress / check a / an feeling / emotion◆to suppress / control / check / curb an instinct◆to control / contain / restrain / curb your impatience◆to suppress / control / contain your excitement◆to control / contain / curb your temper◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / hold back tears◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain a smile◆to barely suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back sth◆to hardly suppress / control / contain / keep from sth■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion or thinking about sth, even though you might want to 抑制，控制，忍住（情感或思想）◆She was unable to suppress a giggle.她忍不住笑出声来。◆He had suppressed the painful memories of his childhood.他尽力不去回想那些痛苦的童年记忆。◆Her face was charged with barely suppressed anger.她的脸上充满了勉强忍住的怒火。OPP arouse ⇨ stimulate ▸ suppression noun [uncountable] ◆the suppression of emotion / feelings对情感的抑制■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to manage to make yourself remain calm, even though you are angry or upset 抑制，克制（怒气或不快）◆I was so furious I couldn't control myself and I hit him.我气得无法自制，就打了他。◆The clerk could scarcely control his excitement.那位职员简直无法抑制内心的激动。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint ■ stifle / /ˈstaɪfl/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from showing how you feel, especially through a physical action such as laughing, crying or yawning 忍住，抑制（尤指笑、哭或打哈欠等）◆He stifled the urge to laugh.他抑制住了笑的冲动。◆She managed to stifle a yawn.她设法忍住了呵欠。ⓘ You might stifle a laugh or a yawn because you don't want to seem rude. * stifle可指出于礼貌而忍住大笑或呵欠。■ contain [transitive] (written) to keep your emotions under control 控制，克制，抑制（感情）◆I was so furious I just couldn't contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。◆She could hardly contain her excitement.她几乎无法抑制内心的激动。■ restrain / /rɪˈstreɪn/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do, because you realize this might make a situation worse 约束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住◆I restrained the urge to punch him.我抑制住了自己的冲动，没用拳头打他。◆I was tempted to answer back, but I restrained myself.我想还嘴，但忍住了。 see also restraint ⇨ restraint ■ ˈkeep from sth■ ˈkeep yourself from sth phrasal verb (kept, kept)to stop yourself from doing sth, especially showing an emotion 忍住，克制（尤指不流露感情）◆She could hardly keep herself from laughing out loud.她差一点大声笑起来。◆Caroline bit her lip to keep from telling him how wrong he was.卡罗琳咬着嘴唇，忍住没说出他的错误有多严重。■ repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to try hard not to feel or show an emotion 克制，抑制，压抑（情感）◆He burst in, making no effort to repress his fury.他闯了进来，毫不掩饰自己的愤怒。◆They tend to hide their emotions and repress their desires.他们往往会掩饰自己的情感并克制自己的欲望。▸ repression noun [uncountable] ◆sexual repression性压抑NOTE 辨析 Suppress or repress? Repress is less frequent and more formal than suppress. Suppress is used more often to describe a deliberate effort to prevent your feelings being seen by other people; repress is a slightly stronger word, often suggesting that you do not want your inner feelings to be expressed at all, even to yourself. 与suppress相比，repress较少用，也较正式。suppress更常指故意掩饰自己的感情不让别人看出来；repress语气稍强，常意味着根本不想表露自己的内心感情，甚至对自己也是这样。■ ˌhold sth ˈback phrasal verb (held, held)to stop yourself expressing how you really feel, especially through laughing or crying 抑制，控制（尤指大笑、哭等）；不露声色◆He bravely held back his tears.他勇敢地忍住了自己的眼泪。◆At times he could barely hold back his impatience.有时候他几乎无法控制自己的不耐烦。■ check [transitive] (written) to suddenly stop yourself from saying or doing sth or from showing an emotion 克制，抑制（说某事、做某事或表露感情）◆She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself.她本想告诉他全部真相，但又忍住了。◆She made no effort to check her tears and just let them run down her face.她没有克制自己的眼泪，听凭它们顺着脸颊往下流。■ curb [transitive] to keep an aspect of your personality under control, especially a bad one or one that is considered bad 控制，抑制，约束（尤指不好的性格）◆He needs to learn to curb his temper.他需要学会控制自己的脾气。◆She has to curb her natural exuberance.她只得抑制住自己热情洋溢的性格。 |