| 例句 |
ill adj.
⇨ harmful (ill health/effects/will) ⇨ sick 1 (seriously ill) harmful adjective harmful ♦︎ destructive ♦︎ negative ♦︎ damaging ♦︎ bad ♦︎ ill ♦︎ detrimental ♦︎ perniciousThese are all words for things that are likely to cause harm or damage to sth. 这些词均表示有害的、会造成损害的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental to sb / sth◆harmful / damaging / bad for sb◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental / pernicious effect◆ill effects◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / pernicious influence◆harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / detrimental / pernicious consequences◆harmful / negative / damaging / bad publicity◆very / extremely harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental◆potentially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental◆positively harmful / damaging / detrimental◆highly destructive / damaging / detrimental◆environmentally / socially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental■ harmful (rather formal) causing damage or injury to sb/sth, especially to a person's health or to the environment （尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的◆The harmful effects of alcohol are well established.酒精的害处已有定论。◆Keep food chilled to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.将食物冷藏以防有害细菌的繁殖。◆pesticides that are harmful to the environment对环境有害的杀虫剂OPP harmless ⇨ safe 2 see also harm ⇨ damage noun , harm ⇨ damage verb ■ destructive (rather formal) causing physical destruction, or physical or emotional damage 毁灭性的；伤害身体（或感情）的◆The war demonstrated the destructive power of modern weapons.这次战争显示了现代武器的毁灭性力量。◆People have to learn how to handle destructive emotions like anger.人得学会控制愤怒等有害情绪。■ negative causing damage to a relationship, to a business or a country's economy, or to a person's health or happiness （对关系、企业、国家经济或健康幸福）有害的，有损的◆The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这场危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。◆The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.整个体验当然是利大于弊。ⓘ Negative is used especially to describe the effect, impact, influence, consequences or side effects of sth. * negative尤与effect、impact、influence、consequences或side effects搭配。 OPP positive ⇨ valuable 2 see also negative ⇨ negative ■ damaging causing damage to sb's health, happiness or reputation, or to the environment （对健康、幸福、声誉或环境）有害的，损害的，造成破坏的◆A strike would hit public services and be politically damaging for the government.罢工会重创公共服务业，而且政治上对政府不利。◆Lead is potentially damaging to children's health.铅对儿童健康有潜在危害。 see also damage ⇨ damage noun , damage ⇨ damage verb NOTE 辨析 Harmful or damaging?Things that are harmful hurt the environment or people's health. Things that are damaging can also hurt the environment or health, but more often they hurt people's social or economic welfare (= how much money they have and how comfortable their position in society is), or sb/sth's reputation (= the opinion people have of them). * harmful和damaging都可指对环境或健康有害，但damaging更多指给人们的社会或经济利益带来破坏，或对声誉有损。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) causing or likely to cause damage to sb's health, business, character or reputation （对健康、生意、性格或声誉）有害的，产生损害的◆Sugary drinks are bad for your teeth.含糖饮料对牙齿有害。◆Weather like this is bad for business.这样的天气不利于做生意。◆That girl's a bad influence on Tom.那个女孩带坏了汤姆。◆Sunbeds have received a lot of bad publicity in recent years. Are they safe?近年来有许多关于日光浴床的负面报道，这种床安全吗？ⓘ In this meaning bad is used in the phrase bad for sb/sth and with the collocates influence, publicity and effect. 表达此义时，bad用于短语bad for sb/sth，或与influence、publicity和effect等词搭配。 OPP good ⇨ valuable 2 ■ ill [only before noun] (rather formal) causing or meaning to cause damage to sb's health, comfort or reputation （对健康、舒适或声誉）不好的，有害的，不良的◆He resigned because of ill health.他因健康欠佳而辞职。◆She suffered no ill effects from the experience.这次经历没有使她受到不良影响。◆ (formal) I bear you no ill will (= do not wish any harm to come to you), but I am simply not in a position to help you.我不希望你有事，只是我帮不了你。ⓘ In this meaning ill is used especially with the collocates health, effects, treatment, will and repute. 表达此义时，ill尤与health、effects、treatment、will和repute等词搭配。■ detrimental / /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ / (formal) causing damage to the environment, or sb's health or welfare; blocking people's attempts to do sth good （对环境、健康或幸福）有害的，不利的；有碍的◆Emissions from the factory are widely suspected of having a detrimental effect on health.人们普遍怀疑工厂的排放物对健康不利。◆The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策将不利于和平进程。ⓘ Detrimental is nearly always used in the phrases detrimental effect/effects or detrimental to sb/sth. * detrimental几乎总用于短语detrimental effect/effects或detrimental to sb/sth。 OPP beneficial ⇨ valuable 2 see also detriment ⇨ damage noun ■ pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs; NAmE pərˈnɪʃəs/ (formal) having a very harmful effect on society or morals, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed （尤指潜移默化地对社会或道德）有害的，有恶劣影响的◆They discussed the pernicious influence of TV violence on children.他们讨论了电视暴力对儿童潜移默化的坏影响。◆Ageism is just as offensive and pernicious as sexism.年龄歧视和性别歧视一样引人反感，并且影响恶劣。 sick1 adjective a sick child 生病的孩子a sick feeling in your stomach 胃里恶心的感觉sick ♦︎ ill ♦︎ not (very) well ♦︎ bad ♦︎ ailing ♦︎ unwell ♦︎ unfit ♦︎ sickly ♦︎ unhealthyThese words all describe sb who is suffering from an illness or not in good health. 这些词均表示生病的、不健康的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sick / ill / unwell with flu, a fever, etc.◆a sick / an ailing mother / father / parent / husband / wife◆sick / seriously ill / sickly / unhealthy children◆to look sick / ill / not (very) well / bad / unwell / sickly / unhealthy◆to feel ill / not (very) well / bad / unwell◆to become / get / fall sick / ill◆very sick / ill / unwell■ sick suffering from an illness; not feeling in good health 生病的；有病的；不适的◆Her mother's very sick.她母亲病得很厉害。◆Don't ask a babysitter to look after a sick child.不要请临时保姆照看生病的孩子。◆Peter has been off sick (= away from work because he is sick).彼得因病没有上班。◆Emma has just called in sick (= phoned to say she will not be coming to work because she is sick).埃玛刚才打电话来请病假了。 OPP well ⇨ well see also sickness ⇨ illness , the sick ⇨ patient ■ ill [not usually before noun] (especially BrE) sick 生病；有病；不适◆Her father is seriously ill in St Luke's hospital.她父亲病情严重，住进了圣路加医院。◆Uncle Harry is terminally ill with cancer.哈里叔叔的癌症已到了晚期。◆ (BrE) We both started to feel ill shortly after the meal.我们俩饭后不久就都开始感到不舒服。 OPP well ⇨ well see also mentally ill ⇨ mentally ill , illness ⇨ disease , illness ⇨ illness NOTE 辨析 Sick or ill?In British English the more usual word is ill, especially when talking about serious illnesses. 在英式英语中ill更常用，特别是表示重病时◆He is seriously sick in hospital. However, if you are talking about taking time off work because of illness, use sick. 不过，表示请病假时要用sick◆Peter has been off ill. ◆Emma has just called in ill. Also, ill is not usually used before a noun, unless it follows an adverb; in those cases, the noun is usually plural. 另外，ill通常不用于名词前，除非前面有副词修饰，这时该名词通常为复数◆an ill child ◆terminally ill children重病晚期的儿童In American English the usual word is sick; ill is more formal and is only used to talk about very serious illnesses. In British English the more usual meaning of sick is 'feeling that you want to vomit'. 在美式英语中通常用sick，ill更正式些，且仅用来表示病得很重。在英式英语中sick更常表示“恶心、想呕吐”之义。 see also sick ⇨ sick 2 ■ not (very) well sick/ill 生病；有病；不适◆I wasn't feeling very well so I decided not to go to the concert.我感觉身体不太好，所以决定不去听音乐会了。◆ (especially BrE) I'm a bit worried－she's not well.我有点担心－她身体不好。ⓘ Not (very) well is mostly used when talking about less serious illnesses, especially when you don't know exactly what the problem is. In American English it is usually used with the verb feel. * not (very) well主要用来表示病得不太严重，特别是不知道是什么病的情况。在美式英语中该短语通常与动词feel连用。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) sick/ill 有病；不舒服◆I'm afraid I'm feeling pretty bad.很抱歉，我觉得很不舒服。ⓘ In this meaning bad is always used after feel or look. * bad表达此义时总是用于feel或look之后。 OPP good ⇨ well ■ ailing (formal) ill and not improving 有病的；体弱的◆She cares for her ailing father.她照料有病的父亲。■ unwell / /ʌnˈwel/ / [not before noun] (rather formal) sick/ill 生病；有病；不适◆She said she was feeling unwell and went home.她说感觉不适，就回家了。 OPP well ⇨ well ■ unfit / /ʌnˈfɪt/ / [not usually before noun] (BrE) not in good physical condition; not fit, because you have not taken exercise 健康状况欠佳；（因缺乏锻炼）身体状态差◆The captain is still unfit and will miss tonight's game.队长身体依然欠佳，将不参加今晚的比赛。◆I'm so unfit－I'm out of breath just from walking up the steps!我身体状况太差了－只爬了几个台阶就气喘吁吁的！ⓘ In both British and American English unfit can be used in the phrases unfit for sth and unfit to do sth meaning 'not capable of doing sth because of illness or injury'. 在英式和美式英语中，unfit均可用于短语unfit for sth和unfit to do sth，表示因疾病或受伤而不能做某事◆He's still unfit for work.他还不宜工作。◆The company's doctor found that she was unfit to carry out her normal work.公司的医生认为，她不宜从事她平常的工作。 OPP fit ⇨ well ■ sickly often ill; looking ill 多病的；体质差的；有病容的◆He was a sickly child.他是个容易生病的孩子。◆She looked pale and sickly.她面色苍白，病恹恹的。 OPP healthy ⇨ well ■ unhealthy [not usually before noun] not in good health; showing a lack of good health 不健康；虚弱◆They looked poor and unhealthy.他们看上去是贫病交加。OPP healthy ⇨ well see also unhealthy ⇨ unhealthy |