leave verb ⇨leave1 (It's time we left.)⇨leave2 (leave home/school)⇨leave3 (leave your job)⇨leave4 (leave sb/sth behind)⇨leave5 (leave your husband)⇨leave6 (leave sb in charge)⇨pass sth on (leave sb money in your will)⇨remain (Is there any coffee left?)⇨take1 (He left this letter for you.)leave noun ⇨holiday1 (annual leave)⇨permission (absent without leave)
leave1
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责➡ See also the entry for ⇨ set off另见set off条leave ♦︎ go ♦︎ exit ♦︎ depart ♦︎ be off ♦︎ partThese words all mean to go away from a person or place.这些词均表示离开某人或某处。NOTE辨析 Leave or go away?The words in the leave entry emphasize the act or time of leaving sb/sth; the words in the go away entry emphasize the need or desire of the speaker to be somewhere else or for sb else to be somewhere else. * leave条下的词强调离开某人／某物的行为或时间；go away条下的词强调讲话者需要或想要去别处，或希望他人到别处去。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ go away另见go away条PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / go / exit / depart / part from sb / sth◆to leave / depart for sth◆to leave / go / depart at 9 a.m., midnight, etc.◆to be ready / about / going to leave / go / depart◆to be forced to leave / go / depart / part◆let's go / be off◆to leave / go / depart / be off now / soon / at once◆to leave / go / depart quickly / immediately◆to leave / go / be off in a hurry■leave(left, left) [intransitive, transitive] to go away from a place离开（某处）◆Come on－it's time we left.快点，我们该走了。◆The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于12:35起飞，前往达拉斯。◆They got into an argument and were asked to leave.他们争论了起来，因而被要求离开。◆John says he left the restaurant at around midnight.约翰说他在午夜前后离开了餐厅。◆I hate leaving home.我很不愿意离开家。OPParrive ⇨ arrive, enter ⇨ enter■go(went, gone) [intransitive] to leave a place离开；离去◆I must be going now.我现在必须得走了。◆Has she gone yet?她走了吗？◆Don't go－I want to talk to you.别走－我有话跟你说。◆He's been gone an hour(= he left an hour ago).他离开一个小时了。◆The train goes in a few minutes' time.火车一会儿就要开了。ⓘ Go is often used with on to talk about sb leaving a place in order to travel, have a holiday or do sth different. * go常与on搭配，指某人离开某处去旅行、度假或做不同的事情◆to go on a journey / tour / trip / cruise去旅行；去旅游；去短途旅行；去乘游轮度假◆to go on holiday / vacation去度假OPPstay ⇨ stay1 see also go ⇨ go1, go ⇨ go2, going ⇨ departure1■exit [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to leave a building, room, stage, vehicle or other place出去；离开；退场◆The bullet entered his chest and exited through his back.子弹从他的前胸射入，从后背穿出。◆We exited via a fire door.我们从防火安全门走了出去。◆Exit Hamlet.(= used in the text of a play to say who should come off the stage)哈姆雷特退场。◆Passengers exited the aircraft through the rear door.乘客从后门下了飞机。OPPenter ⇨ enter see also exit ⇨ departurenoun1■depart /dɪˈpɑːt; NAmEdɪˈpɑːrt/ [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to leave a place, especially to start a trip离去；起程；出发；离开（某处）◆Flights for Amsterdam depart from Terminal 3.飞往阿姆斯特丹的航班从3号航站楼出发。◆You must depart for England immediately.你必须立即起程去英格兰。◆ (NAmE) The train departs Amritsar at 4.20 p.m.火车下午4:20从阿姆利则出发。◆She waited until the last of the guests had departed.她一直等到最后一位客人离去。ⓘ In ordinary speech, depart is formal, but it is the usual official word used about planes, trains, etc. that are leaving.在日常口语中，depart颇为正式，但在表示飞机、火车等即将离开时为通常的规范用语。OPParrive ⇨ arrive see also departure ⇨ departure1■ˌbe ˈoff
phrase
(especially BrE, informal, spoken) to leave a place离开（某处）◆It's time we were off.我们该离开了。◆He's off to Rome in the morning.他已于早晨离开去罗马。◆And they're off!(= used by sb describing the start of a race)看，他们起跑了！■part [intransitive] (formal) (of people) to move apart in different directions; to leave another person（人）离开，离别◆We parted at the airport.我们在机场分手了。◆He has recently parted from his wife(= they have started to live apart).他最近与妻子分居了。◆I never forgot his parting words(= what he said as he left).我一直记得他临别时说的话。
leave2
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ move ♦︎ move out ♦︎ emigrate ♦︎ relocate ♦︎ migrate ♦︎ quitThese words all mean to stop living in a place, belonging to a group, studying at a place, etc.这些词均表示离开原来的住所、群体或学校等。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to move / move out / emigrate / relocate / migrate from...◆to move / move out / emigrate / relocate / migrate to...◆to leave / quit your home / school / college / job◆to leave / quit town◆to threaten to leave / move out / quit◆to decide / plan / want to leave / move / move out / emigrate / relocate / quit■leave(left, left) [transitive, intransitive] to stop living in a place, belonging to a group, studying at a place, etc.离开居住地点（或群体、学校等）◆She left school at 14 with no qualifications.她14岁时就从学校肄业了。◆He had left the organization some years before.他几年前就离开了这个组织。◆Too many teachers are leaving the profession for higher-paid jobs.有太多的教师为了更高的薪酬而离开这个行业。◆Hundreds of villagers have already left to seek work in the towns.已经有数百名村民进城找工作去了。OPPstay onⓘ To stay on is to continue studying, working, etc. somewhere for longer than expected or after other people have left. * stay on指超过预计时间或在别人离开后仍留下来继续学习、工作等◆How can we encourage more 16-year-olds to stay on at school?我们该如何鼓励更多16岁的孩子继续留在学校读书呢？■move [intransitive, transitive] to change the place where you live, work or do business搬家；搬迁◆Moving(= moving home) can be an extremely stressful experience.搬家是一件极费心力的事。◆All her family have moved away so she's on her own.她的家人都搬走了，所以她独自生活。◆The company is moving to Scotland.公司将要迁往苏格兰。◆He worked as a sales rep before moving to the marketing department.到市场部工作之前他是一名销售代表。◆They've moved house three times in the past year.过去一年中他们搬了三次家。◆I'm being moved to the New York office.我要调到纽约办事处去。■ˌmove ˈout
phrasal verb
to leave your old home搬出去；迁出◆They're moving out next week.他们将于下周搬走。◆Local people were forced to move out when the new settlers arrived.新移民到达后，原住民被迫迁出。OPPmove in ⇨ move in■emigrate / /ˈemɪgreɪt/ / [intransitive] to leave your own country and go to live permanently in another country移居国外；移民◆My grandparents emigrated from Vietnam to the US in the 1980s.我的祖父母在20世纪80年代从越南移民到了美国。OPPimmigrate ⇨ refugee see also emigrant ⇨ refugee▸emigration
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆the mass emigration of Jews from eastern Europe大批犹太人迁出东欧的移民潮■relocate /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt; NAmEˌriːˈloʊkeɪt/ [intransitive, transitive](especially of a company or its workers) to move or move sb/sth to a new place to work or operate（尤指公司或其工人）搬迁，迁移；使迁移◆A lot of people were unwilling to relocate.许多人都不愿意搬迁。◆The company relocated its head office to Sacramento.公司将总部迁到了萨克拉门托。 see also locate ⇨ base▸relocation
noun
[uncountable] ◆Most workers will get pay rises if they agree to relocation.如果同意搬迁，大多数工人将会得到加薪。◆We will pay all your relocation costs / expenses.我们将支付你们全部的搬迁费用。■migrate /maɪˈgreɪt; NAmEˈmaɪgreɪt/ [intransitive](of birds, animals, etc.) to move from one part of the world to another according to the season; (of a lot of people) to move from one town or country and go and live and/or work in another（鸟、动物等）迁徙；（许多人）迁移，移居◆Swallows migrate south in winter.燕子冬天迁徙到南方去。◆Thousands were forced to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of work.成千上万的人为了找工作被迫从农村迁移到城市。 see also migrant ⇨ refugee▸migration
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆seasonal migration季节性迁徙◆mass migrations大规模的迁移■quit(quitting, quit, quit; BrE alsoquitting, quitted, quitted) [transitive, intransitive] (informal) to leave the place where you live or study迁出，搬离（住处）；离开（学校）◆He was forced to quit college and find work.他被迫从大学退学去找工作。◆I decide to quit town and lie low for a while.我决定离开城镇去隐居一阵子。◆The family has been given notice to quit(= told to leave their home).这家人已经接到迁出的通知。ⓘ Quit can also mean to leave your job. * quit也可表示离任或辞职。
leave3
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ retire ♦︎ resign ♦︎ quit ♦︎ step down ♦︎ give in/hand in your notice ♦︎ depart ♦︎ stand downThese words all mean to stop working for an employer or to stop taking part in an activity in which you have been successful.这些词均表示离任、辞职或退出某种活动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to retire / resign / quit / step down / depart / stand down as director, chief executive, etc.◆to leave / resign / quit over pay, conditions, etc.◆to leave / retire from / resign from / quit / step down from / depart / stand down from a post / position◆to leave / retire from / resign from / quit / depart a job◆to decide to leave / retire / resign / quit / step down / hand in your notice / stand down◆to have / be forced to leave / retire / resign / quit / step down / depart / stand down◆to be ready / going to leave / retire / resign / quit / step down / stand down◆to ask sb to leave / resign / quit / step down / stand down◆to refuse to leave / resign / quit / step down◆to threaten to leave / resign / quit■leave(left, left) [intransitive, transitive] to stop working for an employer离任；辞职◆My assistant is threatening to leave.我的助手正以辞职相要挟。◆She claims she was forced to leave her job after she became pregnant.她声称自己怀孕后被迫离职。OPPstay onⓘ To stay on is to continue studying, working, etc. somewhere for longer than expected or after other people have left. * stay on指超过预计时间或在别人离开后仍留下来继续学习、工作等◆Fewer than half of the employees chose to stay on when the company was taken over.公司被收购后不足半数的雇员选择留下来继续工作。■retire [intransitive] to stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill; to stop taking part in a professional sport退职；退休；（从职业体育运动）退役◆He is retiring next year after 30 years with the company.他在这家公司工作了30年，明年就要退休了。◆My dream is to retire to a villa in France.我的梦想是退休后在法国住上一栋别墅。◆The company's official retiring age is 65.公司的正式退休年龄为65岁。◆She has decided to retire from international tennis.她已决定从国际网坛退役。▸retirement
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆to take early retirement提前退休◆This year we have seen the retirements of several senior personnel.今年我们有几位高层人员退休了。■resign / /rɪˈzaɪn/ / [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to officially tell sb that you are leaving your job or an organization辞职；辞去（某职位）◆Two members resigned from the board in protest.两名董事会成员辞职以示抗议。◆My father resigned his directorship last year.我父亲去年辞去了董事职务。▸resignation / /ˌrezɪgˈneɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆a letter of resignation辞职信◆Further resignations are expected.预计还会有人辞职。■quit(quitting, quit, quit; BrE alsoquitting, quitted, quitted) [intransitive, transitive] (informal) to leave your job离任；辞去（工作职位）◆If I don't get more money I'll quit.不给我加薪我就辞职。◆He quit the show last year because of bad health.去年他因身体欠佳退出演出。■ˌstep ˈdown
phrasal verb
(-pp-)to leave an important job or position and let sb else take your place离职；退职；下台◆He stepped down as party leader a week ago.一周前他从政党领袖的职位上退了下来。■ˌgive in your ˈnotice■ˌhand in your ˈnotice
idiom
(gave, given)to tell sb officially in writing that you are leaving your job递交辞呈◆She decided that she would hand in her notice and go travelling.她决定递交辞呈，然后去旅行。■depart /dɪˈpɑːt; NAmEdɪˈpɑːrt/ [intransitive, transitive] (NAmEorbusiness商业) to leave your job离任；辞去（工作职位）◆Giving a large pay-off to a departing executive may be seen as rewarding failure.付给即将离任的高管高额遣散费可能被视为奖励失败。◆He departed the troubled firm after less than a year in the post.在任不到一年他就离开了这家混乱不堪的公司。▸departure /dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r); NAmEdɪˈpɑːrtʃər/
noun
[countable] ◆His departure leaves the board without a leader.他的离任使董事会群龙无首。■ˌstand ˈdown
phrasal verb
(stood, stood)to leave an important job or position and let sb else take your place离职；退职；下台◆He stood down to make way for someone younger.他退下来让位给更年轻的人。NOTE辨析 Step down or stand down?Stand down is often used with words like have to, be obliged to, be asked to and refuse to, suggesting that people do not always choose to stand down from an important position. Stepping down, is more likely to be an action motivated by a calm personal decision. * stand down常与have to、be obliged to、be asked to和refuse to等短语搭配，意味着未必是自愿从重要职位上退下来。step down更有可能是冷静思考后的个人决定。
leave4
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ lose ♦︎ forget ♦︎ mislayThese words all mean to not have sth because you forgot to take it with you or you do not know where it is.这些词均表示忘记带或丢失某物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / lose / forget / mislay your keys / wallet / bag■leave(left, left) [transitive] to go away from a place without taking sb/sth with you忘记带（某物）；丢下（某人）◆I left my bag on the bus.我把包落在了公共汽车上。◆I've left my phone somewhere but I can't remember where.我把手机落在了某个地方，但一时记不起是哪里。◆He wasn't well, so we had to leave him behind.他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。■lose(lost, lost) [transitive] to be unable to find sb/sth遗失；丢失◆I've lost my keys.我的钥匙不见了。◆The tickets seem to have got lost.那些票好像给弄丢了。◆We've lost Alfie－is he with you?我们和阿尔菲走散了－他和你在一起吗？■forget(forgot, forgotten) [transitive] to not remember or bring or buy sb/sth that you ought to bring or buy忘记（带或买等）◆I forgot my purse.我忘了带钱包。◆Hey, don't forget me(= don't leave without me).喂，走时别落下我。ⓘ If you want to mention the place where you left sth, use leave, notforget.表示把某物遗忘在某处，要用leave，不用forget◆I forgot my bag on the bus.OPPremember ⇨ remember see also forget ⇨ fail1■mislay / /ˌmɪsˈleɪ/ / (mislaid, mislaid) [transitive] (especially BrE, ratherformal) to put sth somewhere and then be unable to find it again, especially for only a short time随意搁置，乱放（而一时找不到）◆I seem to have mislaid my keys.我好像不知道把钥匙放在哪儿了。◆Don't worry－I'm sure it's not lost, just mislaid.别着急，我确信不会丢的，准是随手搁在哪儿了。
leave5
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ abandon ♦︎ dump ♦︎ desert ♦︎ strand ♦︎ turn your back on sb/sth ♦︎ neglect ♦︎ walk outThese words all mean to reject sb or to leave them without help or support.这些词均表示遗弃或抛弃某人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / dump / desert sb for sb else◆to leave / abandon / dump / desert / neglect / walk out on a husband / wife◆to leave / abandon / dump / desert a lover◆to abandon / desert / neglect a child◆sb's husband / wife leaves / abandons / dumps / deserts / neglects / walks out on them◆sb's lover leaves / abandons / dumps / deserts them◆sb's boyfriend / girlfriend leaves / dumps them◆sb's mother / father abandons / deserts / neglects them■leave(left, left) [transitive] to leave your wife, husband or partner permanently遗弃，抛弃（伴侣）◆She's leaving him for another man.她要抛弃他，去跟另一个男人在一起。■abandon [transitive, often passive] to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning离弃；遗弃；抛弃◆People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad.人们出国时常常会把宠物遗弃。◆The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。 see also abandon ⇨ abandon■dump [transitive] (informal) to end a romantic relationship with sb in a sudden and unkind way突然结束与（某人）的恋爱关系；甩掉（某人）◆Did you hear he's dumped his girlfriend?他把女朋友甩了，你听说了吗？■desert / /dɪˈzɜːt; NAmEdɪˈzɜːrt/ [transitive] to leave sb without help or support抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人）◆She was deserted by her husband.她被丈夫抛弃了。◆Don't worry－I won't desert you.别担心，我不会丢下你不管的。NOTE辨析 Abandon or desert?Abandon is more often used to talk about leaving people who are unable to support themselves; desert is used more to describe disloyal acts, including leaving friends without help. * abandon多指遗弃不能自立的人；desert多指不忠实的行为，如丢下朋友不管。■strand [transitive, usually passive] to leave sb in a place which they have no way of leaving使滞留◆The strike left hundreds of tourists stranded at the airport.罢工使数百名游客滞留在机场。ⓘ Strand is most often used to talk about people who are travelling, for example at an airport waiting for a plane, or in a car or train that has broken down. * strand多指将旅行者滞留在某处，如机场或是出了故障的汽车或火车上。■turn your back on sb/sth
idiom
to reject sb/sth that you have previously been connected with背弃；抛弃◆She turned her back on them when they needed her.他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。◆Some newspapers have turned their backs on discussion and argument.有些报纸对讨论和争鸣置之不理。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ reject另见reject条■neglect /nɪˈglekt/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to fail to take care of sb疏于照顾；未予看管◆She denies neglecting her baby.她否认没有照看好自己的婴儿。 see also neglect ⇨ ignore▸neglect
noun
[uncountable] ◆The law imposed penalties for the neglect of children.法律对疏于照管儿童有处罚措施。 see also neglect ⇨ neglectnoun■ˌwalk ˈout
phrasal verb
(informal) to suddenly leave sb, especially sb that you have a responsibility for抛弃，遗弃，舍弃（尤指应对其负有责任的人）◆How could she walk out on her kids?她怎么能遗弃自己的孩子呢？◆I was just seven when my dad walked out.我才七岁的时候父亲抛弃了我。
leave6
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ refer sb/sth to sb/sth ♦︎ hand sth over ♦︎ delegate ♦︎ turn sth over to sb ♦︎ entrustThese words all mean to give sb else the responsibility for sth.这些词均表示把事情委托或托付给某人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / refer / hand over / delegate / turn over / entrust sth to sb◆to leave / entrust sb with sth◆to leave / hand over / delegate / turn over the task / job / responsibility / management of sth to sb◆to leave / entrust sb with the task / responsibility of sth◆to leave / hand over / turn over a project / business to sb◆to hand over / delegate authority / power to sb◆to leave / refer / hand over / delegate sth to a committee■leave(left, left) [transitive] to give sb else the responsibility for sth把⋯托付给；委托◆You can leave the cooking to me.你可以把做饭的事交给我。◆Leave it with me－I'm sure I can sort it out.把这事交给我吧－我一定会妥善处理的。◆I leave it to you to decide what order to do things in.事情应该按什么顺序来做，就由你来决定了。◆She left her assistant in charge.她委托助手来主管。◆I was left to cope on my own.就剩我一人独自应付。■reˈfer sb/sth to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-) (ratherformal) to send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice or a decision让（某人）求助于⋯；把（某事）移交给⋯◆My doctor referred me to a specialist.我的医生让我去找一位专科医生诊治。◆The case was referred to the Court of Appeal.这个案子被移交到上诉法院。▸referral
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆illnesses requiring referral to hospitals需要送医院转诊的疾病■ˌhand sth ˈover
phrasal verb
to give sb else your position of power or the responsibility for sth把（权力或责任）移交给（某人）◆He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。ⓘ Hand sth over is typically used with work-related words such as job, project, business and responsibility. In British English hand over to sb can also be used without an object. * hand sth over通常与工作方面的词连用，如job、project、business和responsibility。在英式英语中，也可用不接宾语的hand over to sb◆ (BrE) She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.她辞职了，将工作交给一个比她年轻的同事接手。▸handover / /ˈhændəʊvə(r); NAmEˈhændoʊvər/
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆the smooth handover of power from a military to a civilian government从军政府到文官政府权力的顺利移交■delegate /ˈdelɪgeɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to give part of your work, power or authority to sb in a lower position than you授权；把（工作或权力）委托给◆Some managers find it difficult to delegate.有些经理认为难以放权。◆The job had to be delegated to an assistant.这项工作得交给助手去做。ⓘ People typically delegatepowers, responsibilities, authority, decisions and work. * delegate通常与power、responsibility、authority、decision和work等词搭配。▸delegation / /ˌdelɪˈgeɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆the delegation of decision-making决策权的授予■turn sth over to sb
phrasal verb
(especially NAmE) to give the control of sth to sb把⋯移交给（某人）◆He turned the business over to his daughter.他把企业交给女儿管理。■entrust [transitive] (formal) to make sb responsible for doing sth or taking care of sb委托；托付◆He entrusted the task to his nephew.他把任务委托给了自己的侄儿。◆He entrusted his nephew with the task.他委托侄儿来执行这个任务。◆His mother entrusted him to doctors at Charing Cross hospital.他母亲把他托付给查灵十字医院的医生照管。ⓘ Note the three possible patterns used with entrust. * entrust可以用在以下三种结构中◆to entrust sth to sb◆to entrust sb with sth◆to entrust sb to sb
pass sth on
phrasal verb
pass sth on ♦︎ spread ♦︎ infect ♦︎ leave ♦︎ transmit ♦︎ give ♦︎ bequeath ♦︎ hand sth downThese words all mean to give sth to sb else, especially after receiving, having or using it yourself.这些词均表示递给、传给。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pass sth on / spread sth / leave sth / transmit sth / give sth / bequeath sth / hand sth down to sb◆to pass on / spread / infect sb with / transmit / give sb a / an disease / infection / virus◆to pass on / spread / transmit information / a message◆to pass on / spread / hand down knowledge◆to pass on / hand down skills◆to pass on / leave / bequeath your property / estate◆to pass on / leave / bequeath a legacy◆to leave / bequeath (sb) your money / art collection◆to leave / bequeath (sb) £50 000 / the sum of...◆to pass sth on / transmit sth genetically■ˌpass sth ˈon
phrasal verb
to give sth to sb else, especially after receiving it or using it yourself（尤指用后）递给，传给◆Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.你看完那本书后传给我。◆I passed your message on to my mother.我把你的留言传给我妈了。◆Much of the discount is pocketed by retailers instead of being passed on to customers.折扣的大部分进了零售商的腰包，而顾客没有得到实惠。 see also pass sth on ⇨ convey■spread(spread, spread) [intransitive, transitive] to affect or make sth affect, be known by or used by, more and more people传播；散布；流传◆Use of computers spread rapidly during that period.在那个时期，计算机的应用迅速普及。◆I wish he would stop spreading lies about me.希望他别再散布关于我的谎言。◆The disease is spread by mosquitoes.这种疾病通过蚊子传播。■infect [transitive] to make a disease or illness spread to a person, animal or plant; to make sb share a particular feeling传染；使感染（疾病或情绪）；影响◆It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.接吻不可能把这种病传染给他人。◆people infected with HIV染上艾滋病病毒的人◆I became infected with the same enthusiasm which led Ransome to write the books.我被兰塞姆写那些书时的热情所感染。 see also infection ⇨ disease■leave(left, left) [transitive] to say in a will that you want sb to have your property or money after you die（在遗嘱中）遗赠，遗留◆She left £1 million to her daughter.她遗留给女儿100万英镑。◆She left her daughter £1 million.她遗留给女儿100万英镑。■transmit / /trænsˈmɪt, trænzˈmɪt/ (-tt-) [transitive] (ratherformal) to pass sth from one person to another传播；传染◆Young people need more information on sexually transmitted diseases.年轻人需要更多关于性传播疾病的知识。◆Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.父母自己的恐惧可能在无意间感染了孩子。ⓘ Transmit is used especially to talk about passing on diseases, infections and viruses, as well as information or thoughts and feelings. * transmit尤与disease、infection和virus搭配，指传染疾病或病毒，或与information等词搭配，指传播思想和感情。▸transmission /trænsˈmɪʃn, trænzˈmɪʃn/
noun
[uncountable] ◆ (formal) There are several ways of preventing transmission of the virus.有几种方法可以防止病毒的传播。◆Our classes are based on discussion rather than one-way transmission of knowledge.我们的课堂以讨论为主，不是单向的知识传递。■give(gave, given) [transitive] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to infect sb with an illness把（疾病）传染给◆You've given me your cold.你把感冒传染给我了。■bequeath /bɪˈkwiːð/ / [transitive] (formal) to leave your money or property to sb in your will(= a legal document)after your death; to leave the results of your work, knowledge or ideas for other people to use or deal with（在遗嘱中）把⋯遗赠给；把（工作成果、知识或观点）流传（给后世）◆He bequeathed his entire estate to his daughter.他把全部财产遗赠给他的女儿。◆The previous government had bequeathed a legacy of problems.上届政府遗留下很多问题。 see also bequest ⇨ legacy■ˌhand sth ˈdown
phrasal verb
[usually passive] to give or teach sth to your children or people younger than you把⋯传下去；传给（后代）◆Most of his clothes were handed down to him by his older brother.他的衣服大多是哥哥传下来的。◆These skills used to be handed down from father to son.这些技术以往都是父子相传的。
remain
verb
remain ♦︎ keep ♦︎ stay ♦︎ last ♦︎ continue ♦︎ be left ♦︎ linger ♦︎ live ♦︎ standThese words all mean to still be in the same state or condition.这些词均表示仍然是、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to linger / live on◆to remain / keep / stay awake / calm / cheerful / cool / dry / fine / healthy / quiet / silent◆to remain / stay alert / alive / asleep / loyal / safe / the same / a secret / shut / sober / upright◆to keep / stay close / still / warm◆sb's memory remains / lingers / lives (on)■remain [intransitive, transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses通常不用于进行时) (formal) to be still in the same state or condition; to still exist or be present, especially after other parts have been removed or used; to still need to be done, said, or dealt with仍然是；保持不变；剩下；仍需，尚待（去做、说或处理）◆For a long time he remained motionless.有很长时间，他一动也不动。◆Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。◆It remains true that sport is about competing well, not winning.体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜，一向如此。◆In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。◆Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这栋房子所剩无几。◆There were only ten minutes remaining.只剩下十分钟了。◆Much remains to be done.还有很多事要做。◆I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied to us.我为她感到难过，可她对我们撒了谎，这仍是事实。◆It remains to be seen(= it will only be known later) whether you are right.你对不对还有待证实。◆There remained one significant problem.还有一个非常重要的问题。 see also remain ⇨ stay1■keep [intransitive, transitive] (kept, kept)to remain in the same condition or position; to make sb/sth do this（使）保持，处于◆We huddled together to keep warm.我们挤在一起取暖。◆The notice said 'Keep off(= Do not walk on) the grass'.牌子上写着“勿踏草地”。◆She kept the children amused for hours.她陪孩子们玩了好几个小时。◆He kept his coat on.他一直穿着大衣。◆Don't keep us in suspense－what happened next?别跟我们卖关子了，接下来发生了什么事儿？◆She had trouble keeping her balance.她保持平衡有困难。◆I'm very sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。■stay [intransitive, transitive] to remain in the same state or condition保持；继续是◆I can't stay awake any longer.我困得再也熬不住了。◆Inflation stayed below 4% last month.上月的通胀率保持在4%以下。◆The store stays open until late on Thursdays.这家商店每星期四都开到很晚。◆I don't know why they stay together(= remain married or in a relationship).我不知道他们为什么还在一起。◆We promised to stay friends for ever.我们约定永远做朋友。ⓘ Stay is less formal than remain in this meaning, and is the word used in everyday speech. It is often followed by adjectives with positive associations.表达此义时，stay不如remain正式，是日常口语用词，常后接引起正面联想的形容词◆to stay awake / alive / afloat / cool / healthy / dry / sober / calm / sane / constant / faithful / alert保持清醒；仍然活着；保持浮在水面／凉爽／健康／干燥；没有喝醉；保持镇静／理智／不变／忠诚／警惕 see also stay ⇨ stay1■last [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to keep existing or functioning well继续存在；持续起作用；持久◆This weather won't last.这种天气持续不了多久。◆He's making a big effort now, and I hope it lasts.现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。◆These shoes should last you till next year.你这双鞋应该能穿到明年。■continue [intransitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to remain in a particular job or position留任；维持原状◆I want you to continue as project manager.我要你留任项目经理。◆She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.在找到接替人员之前，她将继续做她目前的工作。■be left [transitive, passive] to remain to be used or sold留下备用（或销售）◆Is there any coffee left?还有咖啡剩下吗？◆How many tickets do you have left?你还剩多少张票？◆ (figurative) They are fighting to save what is left of their business.他们极力挽救仅剩的业务。◆The only course of action left to me was to notify her employer.我唯一能做的就是通知她的雇主。■linger / /ˈlɪŋgə(r)/ / [intransitive] (written) to continue to exist for longer than expected继续存留；缓慢消失◆The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room.房间里仍飘溢着她那淡淡的香水味。◆The civil war lingered on well into the 1930s.这次内战到20世纪30年代还拖了好几年。■live [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (especiallywritten) to continue to exist or be remembered继续存在；留存；被铭记◆She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前去世了，但她仍留在人们的记忆中。◆Her words have lived with me all my life.她的话我一辈子都铭记。ⓘ In this meaning live is often followed by an expression such as in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory or an expression of time, especially one which refers to a very long period of time.表达此义时，live常后接in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory等短语，或后接时间短语，尤其是很长一段时间◆to live (on) for decades / many years / all my life / the rest of my life几十年／很多年／我一辈子／我的余生都会铭记■stand(stood, stood) [intransitive] if an offer, a decision, etc. made earlier stands, it is still valid（提议、决定等）保持有效，维持不变◆My offer still stands.我的提议仍然算数。◆The world record stood for 20 years.那项世界纪录20年未被打破。
take1
verb
take your things with you把你的东西带上take sb home领某人回家take your books off the table把你的书从桌子上拿开I passed him the rope and he took it.我把绳子递给他，他接了过去。take a job/bribes/sb's advice接受一份工作／贿赂／某人的建议take an opportunity把握机会take the blame承担过错的责任He took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh.他误以为这幅画是凡•高的真迹。take drugs吸毒➡ See also the entry for ⇨ get3另见get条第3义take ♦︎ bring ♦︎ deliver ♦︎ ship ♦︎ carry ♦︎ transport ♦︎ fly ♦︎ ferry ♦︎ leaveThese words all mean to move sth from one place to another.这些词均表示将某物运走、运输、运送。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to take / bring / deliver / ship / carry / transport / fly / ferry sb / sth to / from sb / sth◆to take / bring / ship / carry / transport / fly / ferry sb / sth back / home◆to take / bring sb / sth with you◆to take / bring / deliver / carry / transport / ferry sb / sth by car / rail / truck, etc.◆to take / bring / deliver / transport sb / sth by air / sea / land■take(took, taken) [transitive] to move or carry sth with you from one place to another携带；拿走；取走◆Take this to the bank for me, would you?请替我把这个送到银行去好吗？◆My things had already been taken to my room.我的东西已经拿到了我的房间。◆Think about what you need to take for the trip.想想你这次行程需要带的东西。◆All she had taken was her passport and driving licence.她只带了护照和驾照。◆Should I take him a gift?我是否应该给他带件礼物？ⓘ You can also take a person somewhere. * take也可指将某人带到某处。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ take2另见take条第2义■bring(brought, brought) [transitive] to have or carry sb/sth with you when you come to a place将⋯带到某处；带来；取来◆Remember to bring your books with you.别忘了把书带来。◆The ferries brought tourists in their hundreds.渡轮载来数百名游客。◆I've brought something to show you.我带了件东西来给你看。◆Bring a present for Helen.给海伦带件礼物来。◆Bring Helen a present.给海伦带件礼物来。NOTE辨析 Take or bring?Take is used from the point of view of the person who is going somewhere with sth; bring is used from the point of view of sb who is already in the place the person is going to. * take是从带着某物去某处的人的角度讲，bring是从已在目的地的人的角度讲。■deliver [transitive, intransitive] to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to; to take sb somewhere递送；传送；交付；运载◆Leaflets have been delivered to every household.传单已经发送到每家每户。◆to have groceries / flowers / packages delivered把杂货／鲜花／包裹送递出◆She delivered the kids on time at their father's house.她准时把孩子们送到他们的父亲家。◆We promise to deliver within 24 hours.我们承诺在24小时内送到。 see also delivery ⇨ delivery■ship(-pp-) [transitive] to send sb/sth by ship or by another means of transport船运；运输；运送◆The company ships its goods all over the world.公司把货物运往世界各地。◆He was arrested and shipped back to the UK for trial.他被捕后被押解回英国受审。 see also shipment,shipping ⇨ delivery, shipment ⇨ lot■carry [transitive] (often used in the progressive tenses常用于进行时) to take sb/sth from one place to another, especially in a vehicle（尤指用交通工具）运输，运送，输送◆The boat can carry up to five people.那条船最多可以载五人。◆The truck was carrying illegal drugs worth up to $2 million.那辆卡车上载有价值高达200万元的非法毒品。■transport [transitive, often passive] to take sb/sth from one place to another in a vehicle（用交通工具）运输，运送，输送◆Too many goods are currently being transported by road.现在经由陆路运输的货物太多了。◆The animals are transported in trucks, often without being fed or watered for days.那些动物用卡车运送，经常好几天都不给喂食和给水喝。 see also transport ⇨ deliverynounNOTE辨析 Carry or transport?Carry is used especially to talk about people; transport is used especially to talk about goods. When transport is used to talk about people or animals, it can suggest that they are being treated like goods. * carry尤指运送人，transport尤指运送货物。当transport用于谈论人或动物时，意味着人或动物被当成货物般对待。■fly(flew, flown) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to transport goods or passengers in a plane空运（货物或乘客）◆The stranded tourists were finally flown home.受困的旅客终于由飞机送返家园。◆He had flowers specially flown in for the ceremony.他特地为这个典礼空运来鲜花。■ferry [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to take people or goods from one place to another in a boat or other vehicle, especially for a short distance or as a regular service（用船或其他交通工具）运送（人或货物）；渡运，摆渡（尤指短途或作为常规服务）◆He offered to ferry us across the river in his boat.他提出我们可以坐他的船渡河。◆You really don't have to ferry us around while we're in town.我们在城里时，你真的不需要用车接我们到处逛。■leave(left, left) [transitive] to deliver sth and then go away递送；递交；投递◆Someone left this note for you.有人给你送来这张便条。◆Someone left you this note.有人给你送来这张便条。ⓘ Common collocates of leave in this meaning are letter, note, card, etc., parcel, package, etc. and present/gift.表达此义时，leave的常见搭配词有letter、note、card、parcel、package、present和gift等。
holiday1
noun
the school holidays学校假期a camping holiday露营度假holiday ♦︎ vacation ♦︎ break ♦︎ leave ♦︎ time off ♦︎ day off ♦︎ recess ♦︎ sabbaticalThese are all words for a period of time when you are not at work, school or college.这些词均表示假期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆during the holidays / the vacation / the break / the recess / a sabbatical◆to be on holiday / vacation / leave◆(the) summer / Christmas holiday / vacation / recess◆annual holiday / vacation / leave◆paid / unpaid holiday / vacation / leave / time off / sabbatical◆three weeks' / two days' / a month's, etc. holiday / vacation / leave / recess / sabbatical◆to take leave / time off / a day off / a sabbatical◆to spend your holiday / vacation / leave / time off / day off / sabbatical doing sth■holiday [uncountable] ( holidays [plural]) (BrE) a period of time when you do not have to go to work, school or college假期◆My assistant is on holiday this week.我的助手这周休假。◆You are entitled to four weeks' annual holiday.你享有四周的年假。◆Your holiday entitlement is 25 days a year.你每年有25天的假期。◆My sister's coming to stay in the holidays.我姐姐假期要过来住。ⓘ In both British and American English a holiday is also a day when most people do not go to work or school, especially because of a religious or national celebration. * holiday在英式和美式英语中还可指假日，尤指宗教或全国性节假日◆The president's birthday was declared a national holiday.总统的生日被定为全国假日。◆Today is a holiday in Scotland.今天是苏格兰的假日。In American English the holidays means the time in late December and early January that includes Christmas, Hanukkah and New Year. * the holidays在美式英语中指12月底到1月初的一段假期，包括圣诞节、修殿节和新年。■vacation [uncountable, countable] (NAmE) a period of time when you do not have to go to work, school or college假期◆Their son is home on vacation.他们的儿子放假在家。◆The schools were closed for summer vacation.学校已放暑假，不开放。◆Vacation time and other benefits were cut.假期和其他福利都被取消了。ⓘ In Britain a vacation is one of the periods of time when universities or courts are closed.在英国，vacation指大学放假或法庭休庭时期◆the Christmas vacation圣诞假◆the long(= university summer) vacation暑假In the US, courts have a recess, like Congress or a committee (see below).在美国，法庭休庭称recess，议会或委员会休会期也称作recess（见下面的分词条）。■break (informal) a period of time when school, college or university students do not have to go to classes（学校）假期◆ (NAmE) A lot of students go to Florida for Spring Break.很多学生到佛罗里达州度春假。◆ (BrE) Have you got any plans for the Easter break?复活节假期你有什么打算吗？ⓘ In this meaning break is uncountable in American English but countable in British English. * break表达此义时，在美式英语中是不可数名词，在英式英语中是可数名词。■leave [uncountable] a period of time when you do not have to be at work, either in order to take a holiday or for a special reason假期；休假◆Sylvia's on maternity leave(= after having a baby).西尔维娅在休产假。◆Fathers are allowed a week's paternity leave(= after the birth of a baby).新生儿的父亲有一周的育婴假。◆There are new provisions for parental leave(= for parents of young children).关于父母亲育婴假有了新规定。◆He was on sick leave following a heart attack.心脏病发作后他休了病假。◆She was given compassionate leave to attend the funeral.她请了恩恤假去参加葬礼。◆He applied for study leave(= from teaching at a university) to write the book.他向任教的大学请了学术假去写那本书。■ˌtime ˈoff [uncountable] time when you do not have to work休息时间◆Why not come with me if you can get the time off?如果你那个时间有空，为什么不和我一起去呢？◆Can you get some time off work?你能在上班时离开一会儿吗？◆The children were given time off school to watch the ceremony.学校早放学让孩子们看那场典礼。■ˌday ˈoff [countable] a day when you do not have to work休息日；休假日◆She's had only two days off in the past year.去年她只休了两天假。◆I've got the day off from school.我今天请假，不用上学。◆Sunday is my only day off.我只有星期天才休息。■recess / /rɪˈses, ˈriːses/ [countable, uncountable] a period of time during the year when members of a parliament or committee do not meet（议会或委员会）休会期◆Tomorrow MPs break for the Christmas recess.明天议员们休息，圣诞节休会期到了。◆The peace talks resumed after a month-long recess.和平谈判在休会一个月后重新开始。◆The report was published while Congress was in recess.那份报告是在国会休会时公布的。 see also recess ⇨ restnoun2■sabbatical /səˈbætɪkl/ / [countable, uncountable] a period of time when sb, especially a teacher in a university, is allowed to stop their usual work in order to study, write or travel（尤指供大学教师进行学术研究或旅行的）公休假，休假◆He's been given a year's sabbatical.他获准休一年的公休假。◆She's on sabbatical until January.她休公休假到1月份。
permission
noun
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ approval and ⇨ licence另见approval条和licence条permission ♦︎ consent ♦︎ authorization ♦︎ authority ♦︎ clearance ♦︎ the go-ahead ♦︎ leaveThese are all words for allowing sth to happen or allowing sb to do sth.这些词均表示准许、许可。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance for sth◆without sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆with sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave to do sth◆formal permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance◆special permission / consent / authorization / leave◆official permission / authorization / clearance◆prior / written permission / consent / authorization / authority◆to give (sb) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to get permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to receive authorization / clearance / the go-ahead◆to have (sb's) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / leave◆to require permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆to refuse (sb) permission / consent / authorization / clearance / leave■permission [uncountable] the fact of being allowed to do sth, by sb who has the authority or right to decide准许；许可；批准◆I asked permission to photograph the house.我请求允许给房子拍照。◆Who gave permission for this?谁准许这么做的？◆He had taken the car without his father's permission.他未经父亲许可就把车开走了。◆The portrait is reproduced by kind permission of the artist.该画像经画家慷慨许可后复制。◆The council refused planning permission(= official permission for new buildings or changes to existing ones).政务委员会拒绝给予规划许可。 see also permit ⇨ allow■consent / /kənˈsent/ / [uncountable] (ratherformal) permission that you give for sth, especially sth that affects you personally, your family or your property同意，准许（尤指涉及个人、家庭或财产的事宜）◆He was accused of taking a vehicle without the owner's consent.他因未征得车主同意将车开走而受指控。◆The written consent of a parent is required.需要有家长书面同意。◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16岁以下儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。◆The girl was under the age of consent(= the age at which sb is legally old enough to agree to have sex).这个女孩未到自行同意发生性关系的法定年龄。OPPrefusal ⇨ refusal see also consent ⇨ agree2NOTE辨析 Permission or consent?Permission is often (though not always) official, given by sb in authority; the important thing is for the person who wants to do sth to have or get the permission.尽管有例外，permission常常是权威机构给予的、官方的许可，侧重点在于做某事之前必须先获得这一许可，动词用have或get◆Have you got permission to do that?你得到许可那样做了吗？◆Have you got consent to do that?Consent is often more personal, concerning what is done with sb's private property or their body; it is often used in the context of medical treatment or sexual relations; the important thing is for the person that sth is being done to give their consent. * consent常表示个人同意，关系到如何处置私人财产和个人身体，常用于同意进行治疗或发生性关系等语境，侧重点在于必须本人表示同意之后别人才能对他有所行动，动词用give◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16岁以下儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。◆Children under sixteen cannot give permission for medical treatment.However, in less formal contexts, permission may be used instead of consent.但是，在较非正式的语境，permission可以代替consent◆You need written permission from your parents.你需要得到父母的书面同意。In more formal contexts consent may be used instead of permission.在较正式的语境中，consent可以代替permission◆They had planning consent for a hotel and conference centre on the site.他们已获准在这个地点建一座酒店和会议中心。■authorization (BrE alsoauthorisation) /ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmEˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) official permission to do sth; the act of giving permission批准；授权◆You may not enter the security area without authorization.未经授权不得进入警戒区域。◆The order was, in effect, an authorization to plan a coup.该命令实际上是授权策划政变。◆The department is responsible for the authorization of spending.这个部门负责审批支出预算。 see also authorize ⇨ allow■authority [uncountable] (ratherformal) official permission or power to do sth批准；授权；权力◆The government was accused of selling the land without formal authority.政府被指控没有得到正式批文就卖了这块地。◆The minister must answer to Parliament for anything his officials have done under his authority.部长必须向国会解释他手下官员经他授权的一切所作所为。NOTE辨析 Authorization or authority?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Authorization is nearly always permission for a particular action, or the act of giving this permission; authority can be more general, meaning 'the power to give permission': things can be done under sb's authority but not 'under sb's authorization'.这两个词的含义差别不大。authorization几乎总是指做某事的许可，或给予许可。authority一词更笼统，可以表示审批权，表示“经某人的批准”可以用under sb's authority，但是不用under sb's authorization。■clearance /ˈklɪərəns; NAmEˈklɪrəns/ [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) official permission that sb must get before they can work somewhere, have particular information, or do sth they want to do; official permission for a person or vehicle to enter or leave an airport or country（录用、接触特定信息或做某事之前的）审查许可，审核批准；（人、交通工具出入空港或出入境的）许可，准许◆It is safest to seek advance clearance from the tax office.安全起见还是事先去税务局申请许可。◆Allow a minimum of six weeks to obtain the necessary clearances.至少留出六周时间以取得必要的审查许可。◆The aircraft received clearance to taxi out for take-off.飞机得到许可，可以滑行起飞了。 see also clear ⇨ allow■the ˈgo-ahead [singular] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) permission for sb to start doing sth批准；许可◆The company hopes to get the go-ahead for the new service.该公司希望获得新业务许可。◆Councils were given the go-ahead to spend more on housing.政务委员会已获准增加住房支出。ⓘ The go-ahead is nearly always used with the verbs get or give. * the go-ahead几乎总是与动词get或give连用。■leave [singular] (formal) official permission to be or go somewhere; official permission to bring a case or make a request in court（对去某地的）许可；（对起诉或申诉的）准许◆In May the officer went absent without leave.那名警察在5月份擅离职守。◆The school gave him leave of absence(= permission to be away) to play in the final.学校批了假让他去参加决赛。◆An application for leave to appeal(= against a decision in court) must be made within four weeks.上诉申请必须在四周之内提出。