| 例句 |
mark verb
⇨ mark 1 (X marks the spot.) ⇨ mark 2 (mark exam papers) ⇨ mean 1 (mark a change in policy)mark noun
⇨ mark (dirty marks on the walls) ⇨ number 2 (a question mark) ⇨ patch (a horse with a white mark on its head) ⇨ score (get full marks in the test) ⇨ sign 1 (a mark of respect) ⇨ leave your/its/a mark ⇨ affect verb ⇨ make your/a mark ⇨ succeed verbmark1 verb X marks the spot * X符号标明地点mark exam papers; mark sth wrong 给试卷打分；把⋯批为错mark ♦︎ label ♦︎ tick ♦︎ check ♦︎ highlight ♦︎ flag ♦︎ tagThese words all mean to put sth such as a word, symbol or label on sth in order to give information about it. 这些词均表示用文字、符号、标签等做记号、做标记、标示。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mark / label / highlight / flag / tag sth with sth◆to mark / highlight sth in red, yellow, etc.◆to tick / check sth off◆to mark / label boxes / bags◆to mark / tick / check / highlight / flag an item◆to mark / tick / check a box◆to mark / highlight / flag a / an word / paragraph / passage / section / error◆to mark / label sth clearly / carefully■ mark [transitive] to write or draw a symbol, line, etc. on sth in order to give information about it; (of a symbol, line, etc) to show the position of sth 做记号；做标记；（符号、线条等）标明方位，标示◆Items marked with an asterisk can be omitted.打星号的项目可以删去。◆Prices are marked on the goods.价格标在商品上。◆Do not open any mail marked 'Confidential'.不要打开任何标有“机密”的邮件。◆The cross marks the spot where the body was found.十字记号标明了发现尸体的地点。■ label (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [transitive, often passive] to fix a label on sth or write information on sth 贴标签于；用标签标明◆We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明成分和日期。 see also label ⇨ label noun NOTE 辨析 Mark or label?When you use mark, you usually have to say how sth is marked, for example with a cross, or particular words, or in a particular colour. When you say that sth is labelled, you mean that sb has written on it what it is, what is in it, or who it belongs to, and you do not need to give more details if the context is enough to give the meaning. 用mark时通常要说明是如何做的标记，比如用十字记号、特定的文字或颜色等。sth is labelled指已在标签上写明某物是什么、成分如何或归谁所有，若上下文足够明确则不必再给出更多的信息◆The path is marked in red.这条路线用红色标示。◆Make sure that all your luggage is clearly labelled (= with your name and address).确保你的所有行李都清楚地用标签标明了你的名字和地址。 ■ tick [transitive] (BrE) to put a mark (✓) next to an answer or an item on a list to show that it is correct or has been dealt with 标记号；打钩；打对号◆Tick 'yes' or 'no' to each question.在每个问题的“是”或“否”旁打钩。◆I've ticked off the names of the people who have paid.我在已付款者的姓名旁画了钩。■ check [transitive] (NAmE) to tick sth 标记号；打钩；打对号◆Check the box next to the right answer.在正确答案旁边的方框中打钩。◆Check the names off as the guests arrive.客人到来时请在其姓名上打钩。■ highlight [transitive] to mark part of a text with a special coloured pen, or to mark an area on a computer screen, to emphasize it or make it easier to see 用荧光笔标记（文本的某部分）；高亮显示（计算机屏幕的某区域）；使醒目◆I've highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黄色标出了重要段落。◆Highlight the section that you want to delete.高亮选中你想要删除的部分。■ flag (-gg-) [transitive] to put a special mark next to information that you think is important 标示（重要处）◆I've flagged the paragraphs that we need to look at in more detail.我已用特殊记号标示出我们需要仔细研究的段落。NOTE 辨析 Tick, check or flag?When you tick or check sth, you put the particular mark (✓) next to it. When you flag sth you put any kind of mark next to it to show that it is important. * tick和check指打上钩号(✓)，flag指用任何记号标示重要处。■ tag (-gg-) [transitive] to fasten a tag (= a small piece of paper, fabric or plastic) onto sb/sth to identify them or give information about them 给⋯系上标签◆Each animal was tagged with a number for identification.每只动物都系上了号码牌，以便辨认。 see also tag ⇨ label noun mark2 verb X marks the spot * X符号标明地点mark exam papers; mark sth wrong 给试卷打分；把⋯批为错 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ test verb 2 另见test动词词条第2义mark ♦︎ grade ♦︎ correctThese words all mean to give a mark or grade to a student's work or to read it or listen to it and put right any mistakes. 这些词均表示给学生作业打分、评分或改错。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mark / grade / correct a / an paper / essay / assignment◆to mark / grade / correct sb's work / classwork / homework◆to mark / grade a / an test / exam / examination / project◆to mark / grade a student / pupil◆to mark / grade sb / sth A / B / C, etc.◆to mark / grade sb / sth fairly / unfairly■ mark [transitive, intransitive] (BrE) to give a mark to a student's work （给学生作业）打分，评分，评成绩◆If you don't hand your homework in on time I won't mark it.如果你不按时交作业，我就不给你批改。◆Most teachers spend at least two hours a day marking.大多数老师每天至少要花两个小时批改作业。ⓘ Mark is used in both British and American English when it means to write comments or symbols on a student's work to show whether it is right or wrong, good or bad. 表达“在学生作业上写下评语或批上记号以示其对错或优劣”之义时，mark用于英式和美式英语均可◆Why have you marked this wrong?你为什么批这道题为错？◆Sorry, I should have marked that right.对不起，我本该批那道题为对。◆She was marked down (= given a lower mark / grade) for bad spelling.她因拼写差被扣了分。 see also mark ⇨ score noun ■ grade [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to give a grade to a student's work or a student （给学生作业或学生）打分，评等级◆She spent the weekend grading papers.她周末在评阅试卷。◆Who grades the students?谁给学生评分？◆The best students are graded A.最优秀的学生评为甲等。◆There is some concern that grading is not always fair.有人担心打分并不总是公平的。 see also grade ⇨ score noun ■ correct [transitive] to put right the mistakes in a student's work, for example by writing the correct way of spelling sth 改正（学生作业中的错误）◆When I've corrected your assignments, I want you to write them out again.我批改完你们的作业后，希望你们全部再写一遍。◆It's simply not true that teachers no longer correct bad spellings.谁说老师不再改正拼写错误？根本没那回事。 mean1 verb What does this sentence mean? 这个句子是什么意思？What do you mean by that remark? 你说那话是什么意思？This new order will mean working overtime. 这新订单一来，我们就得加班加点。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ suggest 另见suggest条mean ♦︎ mark ♦︎ signal ♦︎ signify ♦︎ denoteThese words all mean to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen. 这些词均表示表明、预示。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mean / signify sth to sb◆to mean / signify that...◆to mean / mark / signal / signify / denote a change in sth◆to mean / mark / signal / signify / denote the beginning / start / arrival / end of sth◆to clearly mean / mark / signal / signify / denote sth■ mean (meant, meant) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have sth as a meaning; to be a sign that sth has just happened or is going to happen 表示⋯的意思；是⋯的迹象；表明；预示◆What does this sentence mean?这个句子是什么意思？◆What is meant by 'batch processing'?“批处理”是什么意思？◆Does the name 'David Berwick' mean anything to you (= do you know who he is)?你知道戴维•贝里克是谁吗？◆The flashing light means (that) you must stop.闪烁的灯光表示你必须停下。◆Mr President, does this mean an end to the current conflict?总统先生，这是否表示当前的冲突结束了呢？■ mark [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (especially written, journalism 新闻) to be a sign that sth has just happened or is going to happen 是⋯的迹象；表明；预示◆The agreement marks a new phase in international relations.该协议标志着国际关系新时期的到来。■ signal (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal, especially written, journalism 新闻) to be a sign that sth has just happened or is going to happen 是⋯的迹象；表明；预示◆The scandal surely signals the end of his political career.毫无疑问，这桩丑闻预示他的政治生涯就此结束。NOTE 辨析 Mean, mark or signal?These words can all mean 'be a sign that sth has just happened or is going to happen': mean is used most frequently in spoken English, but mark and signal are used more frequently in this meaning in written English, especially in journalism. 这些词均可表示“是⋯的迹象、表明、预示”。mean最常用于口语，mark和signal表达此义时较常用于书面语，尤用于新闻报道。■ signify / /ˈsɪgnɪfaɪ/ / [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to be a sign of sth; to have a particular meaning 表示；说明；意指◆This decision signified a radical change in their policies.这个决定表明他们的政策发生了根本的变化。◆This mark signifies that the products conform to an approved standard.这个标志说明这些产品符合认可的标准。■ denote /dɪˈnəʊt; NAmE dɪˈnoʊt/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to be a sign of sth; to have a particular meaning 表示；说明；意指◆A very high temperature often denotes a serious illness.高烧往往表明病得很重。NOTE 辨析 Signal, signify or denote? Signal suggests that sth makes people realize sth; signify and denote usually suggest that one thing has a particular meaning, especially an official or accepted meaning. * signal意味着某物使人意识到什么；signify和denote通常指某物有特定的含义，尤其是官方或认可的含义◆The white belt signifies / denotes that he's an absolute beginner.白腰带表示他完全是个新手。However, signify can suggest a more complicated meaning than denote, including the ideas suggested by a word or expression. 不过，signify可表示比denote更为复杂的含义，包括词或短语所暗含的意义◆What does the term 'patrician' signify (= what does it mean and what might it suggest)?“贵族”一词有什么含义？◆The Hebrew term used here simply denotes a young girl (= it does not mean or suggest anything more than that).此处的希伯来词语仅仅是“年轻女孩”的意思。 mark noun mark ♦︎ stain ♦︎ fingerprint ♦︎ streak ♦︎ speck ♦︎ blot ♦︎ smear ♦︎ blemish ♦︎ smudge ♦︎ spotThese are all words for a small area of dirt or another substance on a surface. 这些词均表示污点、斑点、污迹。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a mark / stain / fingerprint / streak / speck / blot / smear / blemish / smudge / spot on sth◆a streak / speck / blot / smear / smudge / spot of sth◆a greasy mark / stain / smear◆an ink mark / stain / blot / spot◆a grease mark / stain / spot◆to leave a mark / stain / fingerprint / streak / speck / blot / smear / smudge◆to remove a mark / stain / fingerprint / speck / smear / blemish / smudge / spot■ mark [countable] a small area of dirt or other substance on the surface of sth, especially one that spoils its appearance 污点；污迹；斑点◆The kids left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor.孩子们把厨房的地板弄得污迹斑斑。◆There were burn marks on the carpet.地毯上有烧灼的痕迹。◆A faint pencil mark showed where the house was on the map.淡淡的铅笔记号标示出房子在地图上的位置。■ stain [countable] a dirty mark on sth that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid （尤指液体留下的）污点，污渍◆I couldn't get the stains out of my jeans.我牛仔裤上的污渍去除不了。◆A dark stain spread over the patterned carpet.深色的污渍在印花地毯上扩散开来。◆blood / coffee / wine stains血迹；咖啡渍；葡萄酒渍 see also stained ⇨ dirty ■ fingerprint / /ˈfɪŋgəprɪnt; NAmE ˈfɪŋgərprɪnt/ [countable] a mark on a surface made by the pattern of lines on the end of a person's finger, often used by the police to identify criminals 指纹；指印◆His fingerprints were all over the gun.那把枪上布满了他的指纹。◆The police took their fingerprints (= made them leave the mark of their fingerprints as a record).警察录了他们的指纹。▸ fingerprint verb [transitive] ◆I was booked, fingerprinted (= my fingerprints were taken) and locked up for the night.我被立案审查，录了指纹并关了一夜。■ streak /striːk/ / [countable] a long thin mark or line that is a different colour from the surface it is on 条纹；条痕◆There was a streak of blood on his face.他脸上有一道血痕。◆She had streaks of grey in her hair.她头上已见绺绺白发。◆The sooty rain left dirty streaks on the window.混有煤烟子的雨水在窗户上留下道道污痕。■ speck [countable] a very small mark, spot or piece of a substance on sth 小点；污点◆There isn't a speck of dust anywhere in the house.房子里一尘不染。◆The bird has reddish specks on its breast.这只鸟胸部有淡红的斑点。■ blot [countable] a spot or dirty mark left on sth by a substance such as ink or paint being dropped on a surface 污点；墨渍◆There were ink blots all over the paper.纸上墨渍斑斑。■ smear / /smɪə(r)/ / [countable] a mark made by sth such as oil or paint being spread or rubbed on a surface 污迹；油渍；污渍◆There was a smear of paint on his cheek.他脸上有一块油漆渍。 see also smear ⇨ cover verb ■ blemish / /ˈblemɪʃ/ / [countable] (especially written) a mark on the skin or on an object that spoils its appearance and makes it less perfect （皮肤上影响外表的）斑点，疤痕；（物品上的）瑕疵◆Cover up unsightly blemishes with our new liquid make-up.请用我们的新款化妆液遮盖不雅观的斑点。 see also imperfection ⇨ defect ■ smudge [countable] a dirty mark with no clear shape made by sth such as paint or ink being rubbed onto a surface （模糊的）污迹，污痕◆There was a smudge of lipstick on the cup.杯子上有口红印。■ spot [countable] a small dirty mark on sth 污迹；污渍；污点◆His jacket was covered with spots of mud.他的上衣满是泥污。◆There were grease spots all over the walls.墙上油渍斑斑。 number2 noun a large number of people 许多人He lives at number 12. 他住在12号。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ figure 另见figure条number ♦︎ letter ♦︎ figure ♦︎ symbol ♦︎ digit ♦︎ character ♦︎ mark ♦︎ signThese are all words for a single item that you write or print, that has a fixed meaning. 这些词均表示符号、代号、记号。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to write sth in numbers / letters / figures / symbols◆the symbol / character / sign for sth◆a single letter / figure / symbol / digit / character◆double letters / figures / digits◆a binary / decimal number / figure / digit◆to print / write a number / letter / figure / digit / character / mark◆to bear / be marked with / have a number / letter / figure / symbol◆a symbol / character / sign means / indicates sth◆a sequence / series / set / string of numbers / letters / figures / symbols / digits / characters■ number [countable] used to show the position of sth in a series; a series of figures used to identify sth or to communicate by telephone or fax 编号；序数；（电话或传真的）号码◆The song reached number 5 in the charts.这首歌在排行榜中位列第5。◆What is your social security number, please?请问你的社会保障号码是多少？◆My phone number is 266998.我的电话号码是266998。◆I'm sorry, I think you have the wrong number (= wrong telephone number).对不起，我想你打错了。◆He dialled the number, then changed his mind and hung up.他拨了那个号码，随即却改变了主意，挂断了电话。■ letter [countable] a written or printed symbol that represents a sound used in speech 字母◆'B' is the second letter of the alphabet.B是字母表中的第二个字母。◆Write your name in capital letters.用大写字母书写姓名。■ figure [countable] a written or printed symbol that represents one of the numbers between 0 and 9 数字符号；位数ⓘ Figure is usually used to talk about a series of symbols that represent an amount larger than 9. For a single symbol between 0 and 9, number is more often used. * figure通常指大于9的数字，0到9之间的数字较常用number表示◆She's earning a six-figure salary (= over 100 000 pounds, dollars or euros).她挣六位数的薪水。◆His salary is now in six figures.他的薪水现在是六位数。◆ (BrE) Inflation is now in single / double figures.通货膨胀率现在是一位数／两位数。ⓘ In American English use in single/double digits. 在美式英语中用in single/double digits。■ symbol [countable] a number, letter or shape that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics or music 符号；代号；记号◆What is the chemical symbol for copper?铜的化学符号是什么？◆A list of symbols used on the map is given in the index.地图上所使用的符号全部列在索引中。■ digit / /ˈdɪdʒɪt/ / [countable] any of the ten numbers from 0 to 9 （从0到9的任何一个）数字，数位◆The number 57306 contains five digits.数字57306是个五位数。◆ (NAmE) Inflation is now in single / double digits.通货膨胀率现在是一位数／两位数。ⓘ In British English use in single/double figures. 在英式英语中用in single/double figures。NOTE 辨析 Figure or digit? Figure is used to talk about amounts of money, but digit is usually used with 'number', when it means a series of figures to identify sth, not an amount. * figure用于指金钱的数额；digit通常与number一词连用，用于指识别事物的一串数字，而不是某个数量◆The deal has been signed for a seven-figure sum.这笔涉及七位数金额的交易已达成。◆She dialled the four-digit extension number.她拨了四位数的分机号。Either word can be used to talk about an increase, although digit is more common than figure in American English. 这两个词均可用于表示增加，但在美式英语中digit较figure常用◆The company is currently experiencing double figure / digit growth.该公司目前正经历两位数的增长。 Digit is used more often than figure in texts about the use of technology and numbers appearing on equipment such as radio alarm clocks, calculators, cash machines, etc. 与figure相比，digit较常用于有关技术应用的文本里；此外，收音机闹钟、计算器、自动取款机之类的设备上所显示的数字的位数亦较常用digit表示。 ■ character [countable] (rather formal or technical 术语) a letter, sign, mark or symbol used in writing, printing or on computers （书写、印刷或计算机上的）文字，字母，符号◆This size of type produces a line 30 characters long.用这种字号，一行可长达30个字符。◆These are the Chinese characters meaning 'wind' and 'water'.这些汉字的意思是wind（风）和water（水）。■ mark [countable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a written or printed sign that you use in order to write clearly, showing things such as where sentences end 符号；记号◆punctuation marks标点符号◆a question / exclamation mark问号；感叹号■ sign [countable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a mark used to represent sth, especially in mathematics （尤指数学）符号；记号◆a pound / dollar sign英镑／元的符号◆a plus / minus sign加号；减号NOTE 辨析 Symbol or sign?Apart from being used to talk about the letters representing chemical elements, symbol usually refers to a shape or small picture with a fixed meaning. A sign is likely to be more simple, consisting of one or two lines, such as a dollar sign or an equals sign. The meaning of a symbol may be less well-known than the meaning of a sign. * symbol除了用以指代表化学元素的字母符号外，通常还指具有固定含义的形状或小图。sign可能更简单，由一两条线组成，如dollar sign（元的符号$）或equals sign（等号=）。一个symbol的含义可能不如一个sign的含义那样为人所熟知。 patch noun patch ♦︎ dot ♦︎ mark ♦︎ spotThese are all words for a small part on sth that is a different colour from the rest. 这些词均表示色斑、斑点。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a patch / dot / mark / spot on sth◆with patches / dots / marks / spots◆a blue / black / red, etc. patch / dot / mark / spot■ patch [countable] an area of sth, especially one which is different from the area around it （尤指与周围不同的）小块，小片◆a white dog with a black patch on its back背上有块黑斑的白狗◆He had a bald patch on the top of his head.他头顶秃了一块。◆There were damp patches on the wall.墙上有片片湿渍。◆patches of dense fog团团浓雾■ dot [countable] a small round mark on sth, especially one that is printed （尤指印出的）点，小点，小圆点◆The letters 'i' and 'j' have dots over them.字母i和j上面都有一点。◆The graphics are printed at 500 dots per inch.插图按每英寸500个点的密度打印。◆She was wearing a yellow skirt with red polka dots on it.她穿着一件黄底红点的裙子。◆The island is a small green dot on the map.该岛在地图上是一个小绿点。◆Two helicopters appeared as black dots on the horizon.两架直升机像两个小黑点儿，出现在地平线上。■ mark [countable] a noticeable area of colour on the body of a person or animal （人或动物身上的）斑点，记号，色斑◆The horse had a white mark on its head.这匹马头上有块白斑。◆Do you have any distinguishing marks (= marks on your body that help to prove your identity)?你身上有什么标记吗？■ spot [countable] a small round area that is a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on 斑点◆The male bird has a red spot on its beak.雄鸟喙上有个红点。◆ (BrE) She was wearing a white dress with red spots.她穿着一件白底红点的连衣裙。 score noun score ♦︎ result ♦︎ point ♦︎ mark ♦︎ gradeThese are all words for the number of points or goals scored by a player or team in a competition, or given to a student in a test. 这些词均表示比赛或考试中的得分、成绩。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a high / low / good / poor score / mark / grade◆the final score / result / mark / grade◆to get a score / your results / a point / a mark / a grade■ score [countable] the number of points, goals, etc. scored by each player or team in a game or competition （游戏或比赛中的）得分，比分◆What's the score now?现在比分是多少？◆The final score was 4-3.最终的比分是4:3。◆I'll keep (the) score (= keep a record of the score).我来记分。◆ (BrE) A penalty in the last minute of the game levelled the score 2-2.比赛最后一分钟的判罚把比分拉成了2比2平。ⓘ Especially in American English, sb's score on a test is the number of points they get for correct answers on the test. 尤其在美式英语中，score表示考试的分数◆college entrance test scores大学入学考试分数◆an IQ score of 120120分的智商◆to get a perfect score (= no incorrect answers) 得满分 ▸ score verb [transitive, intransitive] ◆to score a goal / try / touchdown / victory射门得分；持球触地得分；达阵得分；获胜◆Fraser scored again in the second half.弗雷泽在下半场比赛中再次得分。■ result [countable] the final score or the name of the winner in a sports event, competition or election （比赛或选举的）结果，获胜者（或当选者）名单◆They will announce the result of the vote tonight.今晚他们将宣布投票结果。◆the election results选举结果◆the football results足球比赛的结果ⓘ In British English your results are the score you get in an exam or in a number of exams. 在英式英语中，results表示一次或几次考试的成绩◆Have you had your results yet?你知道考试成绩了吗？ ■ point [countable] an individual unit that adds to a score in a game or sports competition （游戏或体育比赛的）得分，点◆to win / lose a point赢一分；输一分◆Australia finished 20 points ahead.澳大利亚队终局领先20分。◆They won on points (= by scoring more points rather than by completely defeating their opponents).他们以点数取胜。■ mark [countable] (especially BrE) a number or letter that is given to show the standard of sb's work or performance or is given to sb for answering sth correctly 分数；成绩；等级◆What's the pass mark (= the mark you need in order to pass)?及格分数是多少？◆I got full marks (= the highest mark possible) in the spelling test.我在拼写测验中得了满分。 see also mark ⇨ mark verb 2 ■ grade [countable] a mark given in an exam or for a piece of school work （考试或作业的）成绩等级，评分等级◆ (BrE) She got good grades in her exams.她考试成绩优良。◆ (NAmE) She got good grades on her exams.她考试成绩优良。 see also grade ⇨ mark verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Mark or grade?In British schools marks can be given for any piece of school work, test or performance; a grade is usually given only for an important exam or a whole year's work in a subject. A mark is often more precise than a grade, expressed as a particular number out of 10 or 100, for example; a grade is usually a letter such as A, B, C, D or E, with each grade covering a range of marks. In American schools, a grade can be a letter or a number and can be given for any piece of school work, test or performance, or for a whole year's work in a subject. You can also talk about sb's score in a test, but mark is not usually used in American English. 在英国学校里，mark可指任何一次作业、考试或学业表现的成绩，grade则仅指重要考试或某学科全年总评成绩。mark常比grade更精确些，例如用十分制或百分制来评分；grade则通常用字母A、B、C、D、E等来表示分数等级，每个等级含一个分数范围。在美国学校里，grade可以用字母或数字来表示，可以是任何一次作业、考试或学业表现的成绩，或者是某学科的全年总评成绩。表示考试的分数也可用score，但在美式英语中通常不用mark。 sign1 noun a sign of stress/trouble/sth wrong 紧张的迹象；问题的征兆；差错的预兆a road/street/shop sign 道路标志；商店招牌 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ suggestion 另见suggestion条sign ♦︎ indication ♦︎ symptom ♦︎ symbol ♦︎ indicator ♦︎ signal ♦︎ trace ♦︎ mark ♦︎ hallmarkThese are all words for an event, action or fact that shows that sth exists, is happening or may happen in the future. 这些词均表示迹象、征兆、痕迹。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a sign / an indication / a symptom / a symbol / an indicator / a signal / a trace / a mark / a hallmark of sth◆a sign / an indication / a symptom / an indicator / a signal that...◆a clear sign / indication / symptom / symbol / indicator / signal / trace◆an obvious sign / indication / symptom / symbol / indicator / trace◆a good / reliable sign / indication / indicator / signal◆a powerful sign / symbol / indicator / signal◆an early sign / indication / symptom / indicator / signal◆an outward sign / indication / symbol / mark◆to have (the) signs / symptoms / traces / marks / hallmarks of sth◆to bear (the) signs / traces / marks / hallmarks of sth◆to give a sign / an indication / a signal◆a sign / an indication / a symptom / an indicator shows / suggests sth◆no / any sign / indication / trace of sth■ sign [countable, uncountable] an event, action or fact that shows that sth exists, is happening or may happen in the future 迹象；征兆；预兆◆Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。◆Call the police at the first sign of trouble.一有闹事的苗头就叫警察。◆The fact that he didn't say 'no' immediately is a good sign.他没有马上拒绝，这是个好兆头。◆The gloomy weather shows no sign of improving.阴沉的天气没有丝毫转晴的迹象。◆There was no sign of life in the house (= there seemed to be nobody there).那座房子没有一点有人住的迹象。■ indication [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a remark or sign that shows that sth is happening or what sb is thinking or feeling 表示；标示；象征；迹象◆They gave no indication as to how the work should be done.他们根本没说明这项工作该怎样做。◆All the indications are that the deal will go ahead as planned.从所有的迹象看，交易将按计划进行。◆He shows every indication (= clear signs) of wanting to accept the post.他显然想接受这个职位。 see also indicate ⇨ declare , indicate ⇨ show 1 , indicate ⇨ suggest NOTE 辨析 Sign or indication?An indication often comes in the form of sth that sb says; a sign is usually sth that happens or sth that sb does. * indication常通过某人的言辞表明，sign一般通过事件或行为表明。■ symptom / /ˈsɪmptəm/ / [countable] a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy; a sign that sth exists, especially sth bad 症状；（尤指不好的）征候，征兆◆cold / flu symptoms感冒／流感症状◆Symptoms include a headache and sore throat.症状包括头痛和咽喉疼痛。◆The rise in inflation was just one symptom of the poor state of the economy.通胀加剧不过是经济不景气的一个表征。■ symbol [countable] a person, object or event that represents a more general quality or situation 象征◆The dove is a universal symbol of peace.鸽子普遍用来象征和平。◆The company car is an outward symbol of the employee's status.公司配车是雇员身份的外在象征。◆A stressful job can actually be a status symbol.压力沉重的工作实际上可能是社会地位的象征。 see also symbolize ⇨ represent 2 ■ indicator [countable] (rather formal) a sign that shows you what sth is like or how a situation is changing 指示信号；标志；迹象◆The economic indicators for the end of the year are better than expected.年终的经济数据比预期的要好。 see also indicate ⇨ show 1 , indicate ⇨ suggest ■ signal [countable] a sign of sth 标志；预示；信号◆Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的警告信号。◆Reducing prison sentences would send the wrong signals to criminals.减刑会向犯罪分子发出错误的信号。NOTE 辨析 Sign or signal? Signal is often used to talk about an event, action or fact that suggests to sb that they should do sth. Sign is not usually used in this way. * signal常指提醒人们应该采取行动的暗号、信号，sign通常不这样用◆Reducing prison sentences would send the wrong signs to criminals. ■ trace [countable, uncountable] a sign or object that shows that sb/sth existed or was present 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹◆It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.发现早期文明的遗迹，真令人兴奋。◆Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners.警方搜索了那一地区，但未发现越狱逃犯的任何踪迹。◆The ship had vanished without (a) trace.那艘船消失得无影无踪了。ⓘ Trace is often used in the phrases no trace of and disappear/vanish without (a) trace. * trace常用于短语no trace of（没有任何踪迹）和disappear/vanish without (a) trace（消失得无影无踪）。 see also trace ⇨ find 4 ■ mark [countable] a sign that a quality or feeling exists （特质或感情的）标志，迹象，表示◆On the day of the funeral businesses remained closed as a mark of respect.葬礼那天，商店都停业以示敬意。◆Such coolness under pressure is the mark of a champion.在压力下仍能这样冷静，这就是冠军风范。■ hallmark /ˈhɔːlmɑːk; NAmE ˈhɔːlmɑːrk/ [countable] (journalism 新闻) a feature or quality that is typical of sb/sth 特征；特点◆Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.警方称这次爆炸具有恐怖袭击的所有特征。 affect verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ influence verb 另见influence动词词条affect ♦︎ involve ♦︎ concern ♦︎ influence ♦︎ work ♦︎ impact ♦︎ take (a) hold ♦︎ leave a mark ♦︎ act ♦︎ colourThese words all mean to have an effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示对某人或某事物有影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to impact / act / leave a mark on sth◆to be involved / concerned in sth◆to affect / influence what happens◆to affect / influence how / why / when / where sth happens◆to affect / influence / colour sb's judgement / attitude◆to directly / indirectly affect / involve / concern / influence / impact on / act on sb / sth◆to adversely / inevitably affect / influence / impact on sth■ affect [transitive, often passive] to have an effect on sb/sth 影响◆How will these changes affect us?这些变化会对我们有什么影响？◆Your opinions will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。◆The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.该国南方旱情最严重。◆The type of audience will affect what you say and how you say it.听众的类型会影响你讲话的内容和方式。 see also effect ⇨ effect noun , bias ⇨ influence verb ■ involve [transitive] to be a situation, event or activity that sb takes part in or is affected by 牵涉；牵连；影响◆There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.有一起严重事件涉及一群年轻人。◆How many vehicles were involved in the crash?这起撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？■ concern [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) (of an issue, situation or event) to involve sb because they have a particular reason to be interested in it or a particular part to play in it （问题、状况或事件）涉及，牵扯（某人）◆Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.不要插手跟你无关的事情。◆The meetings were often embarrassing for all concerned.这些会面常常让所有相关人员觉得尴尬。◆The individuals concerned will have some explaining to do.涉及的每个人都要作些解释。NOTE 辨析 Involve or concern? Involve suggests a greater degree of physical activity, when sb is actually doing sth or sth happens to them. * involve较为强调实际活动。某人与此相关，是因为他的所作所为，或因为事情发生在他身上◆an incident concerning a group of youths ◆the vehicles concerned in the crash Concern suggests a greater degree of interest or responsibility, when an issue particularly affects sb, or a situation is caused by sb. * concern较为强调利益或责任。某人与此相关，是因为受到特定影响，或导致某种局面。 ■ influence [transitive] to have an effect on a particular situation and the way it develops 影响；对⋯起作用◆A number of social factors influence life expectancy.诸多社会因素影响人的预期寿命。◆The local climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream.当地气候受湾流影响。◆At college she met the two people who most influenced her career.上大学时，她遇到两个人，对她的事业影响最大。 see also influence ⇨ influence verb , influence ⇨ effect noun ■ work [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to have a particular effect on sb/sth, especially either a positive or negative effect 产生（正面或负面）作用◆Your age can work against you in this job.你的年龄会不利于你做这份工作。◆Speaking Italian should work in his favour.会说意大利语应该对他有好处。■ impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) to have an effect on sth, especially a bad one 有（坏的）影响；有（坏的）作用◆The border dispute could impact on the work of aid agencies.边界争端有可能影响援助机构的工作。◆The company's performance was impacted by the high value of the pound.公司业绩受到了英镑升值的冲击。 see also impact ⇨ effect noun ■ take (a) ˈhold idiom to begin to have a strong effect on sth or have complete control over sb/sth; to become very strong 开始有巨大影响；开始完全控制；变得十分强大◆Panic took hold of him and he couldn't move.他惊恐万分，动弹不得。◆It was in the sixties that the cult of the teenager first took hold.正是在上世纪60年代，青少年的狂热崇拜开始蔚然成风。■ leave your ˈmark■ leave a ˈmark■ leave its ˈmark idiom to have an effect on sb/sth, especially a bad one, that lasts for a long time 留下久远的（坏）影响◆Such a traumatic experience is bound to leave its mark.这样的痛苦经历肯定会留下烙印。■ act [intransitive](especially of a drug, chemical or physical force) to have a physical effect on sth （药物、化学品或外力）有影响，起作用◆Alcohol acts quickly on the brain.酒精可以对大脑迅速产生影响。◆It took a few minutes for the drug to act.几分钟后药物才起作用。 see also action ⇨ effect noun ■ colour (BrE) (NAmE color) [transitive] to have an effect on sth, especially sb's opinion or attitude, often in a negative way （尤指消极地）影响（观点或态度）◆The experience moulded and coloured her whole life.这次经历影响了她一生。◆Don't let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings.不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。 succeed verb succeed ♦︎ make it ♦︎ make your/a mark ♦︎ achieve ♦︎ arrive ♦︎ make a name for yourself ♦︎ conquer ♦︎ get onThese words all mean to be or become successful, especially in your career or in a particular area of activity. 这些词均表示成功、成名，尤指在事业上或某领域中。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to succeed / make it / make your mark / make a name for yourself / get on in sth◆to succeed / make it / make your mark / arrive / make a name for yourself as sth◆to make your mark / make a name for yourself by doing sth■ succeed [intransitive] to be successful in your career, earning money, power and/or respect 成功；有成就；有作为◆You will have to work hard if you are to succeed.你要想有所作为就必须苦干。◆She doesn't have the ruthlessness to succeed in business.她没有在生意场上成功所需的决绝。OPP fail ⇨ fail 2 see also succeed ⇨ achieve ■ ˈmake it idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to be successful in your career （事业上）获得成功◆You can make it if you believe in yourself.你只要相信自己，就能成功。◆He never really made it as an actor.他从来就不是个成功的演员。■ ˌmake your ˈmark■ ˌmake a ˈmark idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to become famous and successful in a particular area （在某领域）取得成功，成名◆She has already made her mark on the music industry.她在音乐界已经很有名气了。■ achieve [intransitive] to be successful in a particular area, especially in your studies 成功；（尤指）学业有成◆Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.他们的家庭背景使他们很难有机会在学校学有所成。 see also achieve ⇨ achieve ■ arrive [intransitive] (usually used in the phrase sb has/had arrived 通常用于短语sb has/had arrived) (informal) to become successful in a particular area （在某领域）取得成功◆He knew he had arrived when he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize.被列入布克小说作品奖决选名单后，他知道自己成功了。■ make a name for yourself idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to become famous and gain a reputation 成名；出名◆She's made quite a name for herself.她已经相当有名气了。 see also name ⇨ reputation ■ conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r); NAmE ˈkɑːŋkər/ [transitive] (rather informal) to become very popular or successful in a particular place 在（某地）很受欢迎，成功◆The band is now setting out to conquer the world.这支乐队现在要去征服世界。◆This is a British film which could conquer the US market.这是一部能够征服美国市场的英国电影。■ ˌget ˈon phrasal verb (getting, got, got) (BrE, rather informal) to be successful in your career 事业有成◆Parents are always anxious for their children to get on.父母总是渴望孩子事业有成。◆I don't know how he's going to get on in life.我不知道他将来怎样出人头地。NOTE 辨析 Make it or get on? Make it often suggests that there is one critical moment or achievement in sb's career, at which point you can tell whether they have been successful or not; it also suggests that success depends on talent and self-belief. Get on suggests a more gradual process of becoming successful through hard work. * make it常意味着某人的职业生涯中有一个决定其成功与否的关键时刻或成就，而成功依赖于天赋和自信；get on意味着通过艰苦努力逐渐取得成功。 |