mass noun ⇨the general public (cheap transport for the masses)⇨pile (a mass of snow and rocks)⇨weight (the mass of a planet)mass verb ⇨meet1mass adj. ⇨wide1
the general public
noun
the general public ♦︎ the masses ♦︎ the working class ♦︎ the proletariat ♦︎ the populace ♦︎ the crowd ♦︎ riff-raffThese are all words for the ordinary people in a society or country.这些词均表示普通百姓、群众、公众。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the French / Russian, etc. masses / working class / proletariat / populace◆the rural / urban masses / working class / proletariat■the ˌgeneral ˈpublic [singular + singular or plural verb] ordinary people, especially when contrasted with members of a particular group or organization who have greater knowledge of or involvement in a particular situation普通百姓；公众◆At that time, the general public was not aware of the health risks.当时，公众对各种危及健康的因素尚不了解。◆The exhibition is not open to the general public.这次展览不对公众开放。 see also the public ⇨ community■the masses [plural] (ratherformal) ordinary people in society who are not leaders or who are not considered to be very well educated群众；平民百姓◆The railways provided cheap transport for the masses.铁路为老百姓提供了便宜的交通方式。◆This is yet another bid to introduce opera to the masses.这是向群众介绍歌剧的又一努力。■the ˌworking ˈclass [singular + singular or plural verb] ( the working classes [plural]) the social class of people who do not have much money or power and are usually employed to do manual work(= physical work with their hands)工人阶级；劳工阶层◆His films were the first to address the real issues of the working class.他的那些电影最先触及工人阶级的真实问题。◆Boxing was seen as a sport for the working classes.当时拳击被认为是劳工阶层的运动。 see also the middle class ⇨ the middle classnoun, the upper class ⇨ elitenoun, working class ⇨ working classadj., class ⇨ classnoun4■the proletariat /ˌprəʊləˈteəriət; NAmEˌproʊləˈteriət/ [singular + singular or plural verb] (technical术语) (used especially when talking about the past) ordinary people who earn money by working, especially those who do not own any property（尤用于指过去的）无产阶级◆Marx wrote of the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.马克思描写了资产阶级和无产阶级之间的阶级斗争。◆There was a rapid growth of the industrial proletariat.工业无产阶级迅速壮大。OPPthe bourgeoisie ⇨ the middle classnoun see also proletarian ⇨ working class■the populace /ˈpɒpjələs; NAmEˈpɑːpjələs/ [singular + singular or plural verb] (formal) all the ordinary people of a particular area or country（某地区或国家的）平民百姓，民众◆He recorded the effects of the war on the local populace.他记录了战争对当地民众的影响。■the crowd [singular] (sometimesdisapproving) ordinary people who are not special or unusual in any way群众；老百姓；凡夫俗子◆We all like to think we stand out from the crowd(= are different from other people).我们都喜欢自认为高人一等。◆He prefers to be one of the crowd(= not noticed as different or unusual).他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。◆She's quite happy to follow the crowd(= to do the same as other people).她挺愿意随大溜。■ˈriff-raff [uncountable + singular or plural verb] (disapproving, oftenhumorous) an insulting way of referring to people of low social class or people who are not considered socially acceptable贱民；草民；下等人◆We don't want to let all the riff-raff in.我们不想让下等人进来。
pile
noun
pile ♦︎ heap ♦︎ stack ♦︎ mass ♦︎ moundThese are all words for an amount of a substance or a number of things that form a shape.这些词均表示一摞、一堆。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a pile / heap / stack / mass / mound of sth◆in / into a pile / heap / stack / mound◆a great / huge / large pile / heap / stack / mass / mound◆a little / neat pile / heap / stack / mound◆a small pile / heap / mass / mound◆to make a pile / heap / mound◆to put sth on a pile / heap◆a pile / heap / stack of books / magazines / newspapers◆a pile / heap / mass / mound of rubble◆a pile / heap / mass of snow◆a pile / heap / mound of earth / rubbish◆a pile / stack / mass / mound of papers■pile [countable] a number of things that have been placed on top of each other; an amount of sth in a shape that is high in the middle and wider at the bottom than at the top摞；沓；堆◆He arranged the documents into neat piles.他把文件一摞摞地码得整整齐齐。◆The body was hidden under a pile of leaves.尸体藏在一堆叶子下。◆He was spreading a small pile of manure around the strawberry plants.他正把一小堆肥料撒到草莓植株旁。▸pile
verb
[transitive] ◆She piled the boxes one on top of the other.她把盒子一个个地摞起来。◆Snow was piled up against the door.雪堆顶住了门。■heap [countable] an untidy pile of sth（凌乱的）一堆◆Her clothes were lying in a crumpled heap.她的衣服皱皱巴巴地堆在一块儿。◆The building was reduced to a heap of rubble.大楼变成了一堆瓦砾。◆Worn-out car tyres were stacked in heaps.废旧汽车轮胎堆积如山。▸heap
verb
[transitive] ◆Rocks were heaped up on the side of the road.路边堆积着石头。◆She heaped food on my plate.她往我的盘子里夹了很多食物。■stack [countable] a pile of things, usually one that is neatly arranged（通常指码放整齐的）一叠，一摞，一堆◆He was counting a stack of dollar bills.他正清点一叠钞票。◆She added her tray to the stack.她把自己的托盘和其他托盘摞一块。▸stack
verb
[transitive, intransitive] ◆They were busy stacking the shelves with goods.他们正忙着往货架上摆货。◆Do these chairs stack?这些椅子能摞起来吗？■mass [countable] a large amount of a substance that does not have a definite shape（无固定形状的）团，块，堆◆A mass of snow and rocks was falling down the mountain.一堆积雪和石块正从山上滚下来。◆The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.天空乌云密布。■mound [countable] a pile of sth, especially one in a shape that is high in the middle and wider at the bottom than at the top（尤指圆锥状的）一堆◆He covered the mound of rice on his plate with the sauce.他往堆在盘子里的米饭上浇了调味汁。
weight
noun
weight ♦︎ pressure ♦︎ strain ♦︎ stress ♦︎ load ♦︎ mass ♦︎ densityThese are all words for how heavy sth is or how much it presses on sth else.这些词均表示重量、压力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under the weight / pressure / strain / stress / load◆(a) heavy weight / pressure / strain / load◆(a / an) considerable / enormous / great / immense weight / pressure / strain / stress◆high / low pressure / stress / density◆to put weight / pressure / strain / stress on sth◆to bear the weight / strain / stress / load◆to take the weight / strain / stress■weight [uncountable, countable] how heavy sb/sth is; the fact of being heavy; an object that is heavy重量；重；重物◆It is about 76 kilos in weight.这东西重约76公斤。◆Bananas are sold by weight.香蕉按重量出售。◆I just hoped the branch would take my weight.我只是希望树枝经得住我的体重。◆Don't put any weight on that ankle(= don't stand on it) for at least a week.至少一个星期内别让那只脚踝受力。◆The doctor said he should not lift heavy weights.医生说他不应提重物。ⓘ Weight is also used to talk about people becoming heavier/fatter or lighter/thinner. * weight还可用来表示人变重、变胖或变轻、变瘦◆She is trying to lose weight(= become less heavy and less fat).她正设法减肥。◆He's put on / gained weight(= become heavier and fatter) since he gave up smoking.他戒烟后体重增加了。◆Sam has a weight problem(= is too fat).萨姆太胖了。◆No more for me. I need to watch my weight.我不再吃了，我得控制体重。▸weigh
verb
[transitive] ◆How much do you weigh(= how heavy are you)?你有多重？◆She weighs 60 kilos.她体重60公斤。◆These cases weigh a ton(= are very heavy).这些箱子重得很。◆He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.他在浴室磅秤上称体重。■pressure [uncountable, countable] the force or weight with which sth presses against sth else; the force produced by a particular amount of gas or liquid in an enclosed space压力；压强◆The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.护士压住他的胳膊止血。◆The door swung open beneath the gentle pressure of Jill's hand.吉尔用手轻轻一推，门就开了。◆air / water pressure气压；水压◆Check the tyre pressure(= the amount of air in a tyre) regularly.要定期检查轮胎气压。◆She suffers from high blood pressure.她有高血压。▸press
verb
[transitive, intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) ◆She pressed her lips together.她紧抿着双唇。◆He pressed up closer against the wall.他往墙上贴得更紧了。■strain [uncountable, countable] (oftendisapproving) the pressure that is put on sth when a physical force stretches, pushes or pulls it, especially when this pressure is too great（尤指过强的）拉力，压力，张力◆The rope broke under the strain.绳子拉断了。◆You should try not to place too much strain on muscles and joints.你应尽量不要让肌肉和关节太受力。▸strain
verb
[intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) ◆The dogs were straining at the leash.几条狗用力拽着皮带。■stress [uncountable, countable] pressure put on sth that can damage it or make it lose its shape压力；应力；承受力◆When you have an injury you start putting stress on other parts of your body.一旦受伤，你就会让身体其他部位受力。◆a stress fracture of the foot(= one caused by such pressure)足部应力骨折◆Engineers calculated the stresses borne by each of the bridge supports.工程师计算出桥的每根支柱所承受的压力。NOTE辨析 Pressure, strain or stress?Pressure can be heavy, firm, gentle or light. Strain and stress usually suggest that there is too much pressure. Strain is used especially when things are pulled or stretched. Pressure and stress are used more when things are pressed. Stress is often used to talk about pressure on parts of the body, or in buildings and other structures. * pressure可以用heavy、firm、gentle或light形容。strain和stress通常指压力过大。strain尤指拉力或张力。pressure和stress较多指压力。stress常指身体部位、建筑物或其他结构的承受力。■load [countable, usually singular] the amount of weight that is pressing down on sth承载量；负荷◆Be careful not to demolish a load-bearing wall.小心别损坏承重墙。◆Modern backpacks spread the load over a wider area.新式背包把承重量分散在更大的面积上。■mass [uncountable] (physics物理) the quantity of material that sth contains质量◆calculating the mass of a planet计算一颗行星的质量ⓘ In non-technical language weight is used for this meaning.在非专业用语中，用weight表示此义。■density [countable, uncountable] (physics物理) how heavy a solid, liquid or gas is in relation to its size or volume（固体、液体或气体的）密度◆similar stars of the same mass and density质量和密度相同的类似恒星◆Vitamin D deficiency causes a loss of bone density.缺乏维生素D会导致骨密度下降。ⓘ Density is measured by dividing the mass of sth by its volume. * density等于质量除以体积。
meet1
verb
meet for a drink/talks相聚喝一杯；举行会谈meet by chance偶遇meet sb for the first time初识某人meet sb's needs/conditions满足某人的需要／条件meet ♦︎ meet with sb ♦︎ gather ♦︎ get together ♦︎ assemble ♦︎ mass ♦︎ rally ♦︎ convene ♦︎ meet upThese words all refer to people coming together in order to do sth.这些词均表示集合、聚集、开会。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to meet / meet with sb / gather / get together / assemble / mass / rally / convene / meet up for sth◆to meet / get together / meet up with sb◆crowds / supporters gather / assemble / rally◆people gather / assemble / mass◆to meet / meet with sb / gather / get together / convene regularly■meet(met, met) [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to come together formally in order to discuss sth; to come together socially after you have arranged it开会；会晤；（与某人）会面；集合◆The committee meets on Fridays.委员会每周五开会。◆Let's meet for a drink after work.下班后我们一起去喝一杯吧。◆The Prime Minister met other European leaders for talks.首相与其他欧洲首脑举行了会谈。◆We're meeting them outside the theatre at 7.我们7点钟在剧院外面与他们会合。■ˈmeet with sb
phrasal verb
(met, met) (especially NAmE) to meet sb, especially for discussions和某人会晤（商讨问题等）◆The President met with senior White House aides.总统会见了白宫的高级助理。■gather [intransitive] to come together in one place to form a group聚集；集合◆A crowd soon gathered.很快就聚集了一群人。◆Can you all gather round? I've got something to tell you.你们都围过来好吗？我有事要告诉你们。◆His supporters gathered in the main square.他的支持者聚集在主广场上。■ˌget toˈgether
phrasal verb
(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) (ratherinformal) to meet sb socially or in order to discuss sth举行社交聚会；开会◆We must get together for a drink sometime.我们得找个时间聚在一起喝一杯。◆We all get together every year at Christmas.我们大家每年圣诞节都要聚一聚。◆Management should get together with the union.资方应与工会一起开个会。ⓘ Get together is slightly more informal than meet and is usually used for less definite arrangements. * get together较meet略非正式，通常表示不太确定的安排◆The committee gets together on Fridays.◆We're getting together outside the theatre at 7. see also get-together ⇨ event2■assemble / /əˈsembl/ / [intransitive] (ratherformal) to come together as a group聚集；集合◆The students were asked to assemble in the hall.学生获通知到礼堂集合。■mass [intransitive] to come together in large numbers集结；聚集◆Demonstrators had massed outside the embassy.示威者聚集在大使馆外面。◆Dark clouds massed on the horizon.天边乌云密布。NOTE辨析 Gather, assemble, or mass?Gather is the most general of the three words, and can be used to talk about large or small groups of people coming together. Assemble is a more formal word and is used about more formal meetings, when a group of people has been told to meet in one place and it has not happened by accident. Mass emphasizes the large number of people involved. * gather在这三个词中含义最广，指大量或少量的人聚集均可。assemble较正式，指一群人接到告知后在某处集合，这种较为正式的集会往往并非出于偶然。mass强调聚集的人很多。■rally [intransitive] to come together in order to help or support sb/sth集合，联合起来（以提供帮助或支持）◆The cabinet rallied behind the Prime Minister.内阁团结一致支持首相。◆Many national newspapers rallied to his support.许多全国性报纸一致对他表示支持。ⓘ When people rally they don't always literally come together in one place, but they act together to give sb/sth their support. * rally并非总是指人们真的聚集在某处，而是表示人们一致行动以支持某人或某事物。■convene / /kənˈviːn/ / [intransitive] (formal) to come together for a formal meeting（为正式会议）聚集，集合◆The committee will convene at 11.30 next Thursday.委员会将在下星期四11:30开会。■ˌmeet ˈup
phrasal verb
(met, met) (ratherinformal) to meet sb, especially by arrangement（尤指按事先约定）见面，会面◆I met up with him later for a drink.后来我跟他一起喝了酒。
wide1
adjective
a wide range of goods种类繁多的商品a wide road/river/smile宽敞的道路；宽阔的河流；灿烂的笑容➡ See also the entries for ⇨ diverse and ⇨ general1另见diverse条和general条第1义wide ♦︎ broad ♦︎ extensive ♦︎ large-scale ♦︎ mass ♦︎ sweeping ♦︎ wide-ranging ♦︎ far-reaching ♦︎ wholesaleThese words all describe sth which affects or involves a lot of people or things, or which covers a lot of different subjects.这些词均表示广泛的、涉及面广的、覆盖面广的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a wide / a broad / an extensive range◆a broad / an extensive / a large-scale / a mass / a sweeping / a wide-ranging / a far-reaching programme◆broad / extensive / large-scale / sweeping / wide-ranging / far-reaching / wholesale changes◆a broad / an extensive / a sweeping / a wide-ranging / a wholesale review◆a wide / a broad / an extensive / a wide-ranging debate◆wide / broad / extensive / large-scale / mass support◆wide / broad / extensive / sweeping / wide-ranging powers◆a wide / a broad / an extensive / a far-reaching influence◆a wide / broad / mass appeal◆wide / broad / extensive / wide-ranging interests◆wide / broad / extensive knowledge◆extensive / large-scale / mass / wholesale destruction■wideincluding a large number or variety of people or things; covering a large area大量的；广泛的◆We stock a wide range of goods.我们备有种类繁多的货品。◆Jenny has a wide circle of friends.珍妮交友甚广。◆The museum is trying to attract a wider audience.博物馆正试图吸引更多观众。◆The festival attracts people from a wide area.这个艺术节吸引了四面八方的人。OPPnarrow ⇨ limited1▸widely
adverb
◆The idea is now widely accepted.这个想法现在已得到普遍认可。◆He has travelled widely in Asia.他到过亚洲很多地方旅行。■broadincluding a large number or variety of people or things大量的；涉及各类人（或物）的；广泛的◆The course caters for a broad spectrum of interests.本课程能满足各种不同的兴趣。◆We have devised a broad and balanced curriculum.我们设计的课程覆盖范围广、布局均衡。◆Having children gave her a broader outlook on life.有了孩子之后她的人生观拓宽了。◆The novel is about education in its broadest sense.广义而言，这部小说是关于教育的。OPPnarrow ⇨ limited1 see also broad ⇨ general2, breadth ⇨ range2NOTE辨析 Wide or broad?In many cases you can use either word. However, wide is used more to talk about a selection, a choice, a variety or a range of things or people.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。但是wide较多用于形容selection、choice、variety或range◆a broad audience◆a broad circle of friendsWide, not broad, is used to talk about things affecting a large geographical area. * wide指影响到很大的地理区域，broad不能这么用◆The festival attracts people from a broad area.Broad is used more to talk about the affect of sth on a large number of people. * broad较多指影响到很多人◆to have a broad appeal有广泛的吸引力◆to attract broad support吸引广泛的支持Broad is also often used to talk about knowledge and education as well as in business-related contexts. * broad也常形容知识或教育，还常用于商务语境◆a broad curriculum覆盖面广的课程◆broad experience / knowledge丰富的经验；广博的知识◆There is broad support amongst clients for the new initiative.客户普遍支持这一新方案。■extensive / /ɪkˈstensɪv/ / (ratherformal) including or dealing with a wide range of information广泛的；广博的◆Extensive research has been done into this disease.对这种疾病已经做了广泛的研究。◆His knowledge of music is extensive.他的音乐知识很广博。◆She has extensive experience in computers.她在计算机方面经验丰富。■ˈlarge-scale [usually before noun] involving a large number of people or things, especially over a wide area大规模的；大批的；（尤指）大范围的◆The proposals include large-scale investment in agriculture and industry.建议包括要大规模地投资农业和工业。◆Large areas of the forest will be cleared for ranching as part of a large-scale development plan.作为大规模的开发计划的一部分，大片森林将被清除改成牧场。 see also scale ⇨ level■mass [only before noun] affecting or involving a large number of people or things大批的；数量极多的；广泛的◆Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。◆The play was so awful that there was a mass exodus from the theatre at the interval.这部剧很糟，场间休息时大批观众离开了剧场。NOTE辨析 Large-scale or mass?Both these words are used to talk about business and industry.这两个词均用于商务和工业语境◆large-scale / mass production / unemployment批量生产；大批失业Large-scale in particular is used to talk about business activities that need a lot of resources and affect a wide area. * large-scale尤用于修饰需要许多资源、影响区域广的经营活动◆a large-scale enterprise / project / operation庞大的企业／项目／公司Mass is more often used when a lot of people are affected or involved, especially all together in one place. * mass较常指影响到同一地区的许多人的◆the mass media / market大众媒体／市场◆a mass movement / audience / protest / demonstration群众运动；大批的观众；群众性抗议；群众大游行It also collocates with words relating to the killing of large numbers of people.与之搭配的还有与屠杀有关的词◆a mass murderer / grave杀死多人的凶手；万人坑◆weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器■sweeping [usually before noun] having an important effect on a large number of people or things影响广泛的；大范围的◆Shareholders have agreed to a series of sweeping changes in the organization of the company.股东们同意对公司组织结构进行一系列全面调整。◆Security forces were given sweeping powers to search homes.安全部队被给予入户搜查的极大权力。ⓘ Typical collocates of sweeping in this meaning are changes, reforms amd powers.表达此义时，sweeping的常见搭配词有change、reform和power。■ˌwide-ˈranging (written) including or dealing with a large number of different subjects or areas覆盖面广的；内容广泛的◆The commission has been given wide-ranging powers.委员会取得的权限很广。◆The activities stimulated a wide-ranging discussion.这些活动引发了广泛的讨论。ⓘ Typical collocations of wide-ranging are those relating to discussing things and those relating to change.常与wide-ranging搭配的词都与讨论和变化有关◆a wide-ranging debate / discussion / review广泛的争论／讨论／检讨◆wide-ranging talks包含多项议题的谈判◆wide-ranging reforms / changes / recommendations大范围的变革／改变；内容广泛的建议■ˌfar-ˈreaching [usually before noun] (ratherformal) likely to have a lot of influence or many effects影响深远的；影响广泛的◆The decision by the European Court will have far-reaching consequences.欧洲法庭的裁决将产生影响深远的后果。■wholesale /ˈhəʊlseɪl; NAmEˈhoʊlseɪl/ [only before noun](especially of sth bad) happening or done to a very large number of people or things（尤指坏事）大规模的◆Localized tensions had developed into wholesale slaughter.区域性紧张局势发展成大规模的杀戮行为。