| 例句 |
matter noun
⇨ issue (a matter for the police) ⇨ material (organic matter) ⇨ problem (What's the matter?) issue noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ subject 另见subject条issue ♦︎ matter ♦︎ question ♦︎ concern ♦︎ itemThese are all words for sth that people are discussing or need to deal with. 这些词均表示正在讨论的或有待处理的问题、事项。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an issue / a matter / a question / an item relating to / concerning sth◆on an issue / a matter / a question◆an important issue / matter / question / concern / item◆a vital / key / major / serious / general / complex issue / matter / question / concern◆a controversial / contentious / sensitive issue / matter / question / item◆a difficult / delicate issue / matter / question◆the basic / fundamental / underlying issue / question / concern◆a / an political / moral / technical / economic / ethical / practical issue / matter / question / concern◆to discuss / consider / deal with / tackle / raise an issue / a matter / a question / a concern / an item◆to examine / explore / focus on / address an issue / a matter / a question / a concern◆to debate an issue / a matter / a question / an item◆to look at / touch on / bring up / broach / debate / clarify / decide / settle an issue / a matter / a question◆an issue / a matter / a question arises■ issue [countable] something important that people are discussing or arguing about 重要议题；争论的问题◆The union plans to raise the issue of overtime.工会打算提出加班的问题。◆This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.这是个重大问题，我们需要多花些时间考虑。◆She usually writes about environmental issues.她通常写环境方面的题材。◆You're just avoiding the issue.你只不过是在回避问题。◆Don't confuse the issue.不要把问题弄复杂。◆What you say is interesting, but it does not affect the point at issue here.你说的很有意思，但与现在讨论的问题无关。■ matter [countable] something that you must discuss or deal with （须讨论或处理的）事情，问题◆It's a private matter.这是件私事。◆I always consulted him on matters of policy.我总是向他咨询一些政策方面的问题。◆The incident is definitely a matter for the police.这事肯定须由警方处理。◆That's a matter for you to take up with your boss.这个问题你得去和你的老板交涉。◆I don't have much experience in these matters.在这些事情上我没有多少经验。◆I wasn't prepared to let the matter drop (= stop discussing it).我没打算把这事搁下不提。ⓘ A matter [singular] is a situation that involves sth or depends on sth. * a matter意指“关乎⋯的事情”◆That's not a problem. It's simply a matter of letting people know in time.这没问题。不就是要及时告知大家么。◆She resigned over a matter of principle.她因为原则问题辞职了。◆Just as a matter of interest (= because it is interesting, not because it is important), how much did you pay for it?好奇问一下，你这是花多少钱买的？◆'I think this is the best so far.' 'Well, that's a matter of opinion (= other people may think differently).'“我认为这是迄今为止最好的。”“唔，见仁见智吧。” ■ question [countable] something that you need or want to consider or deal with （待考虑或处理的）问题，事情，议题◆Let's look at the question of security.咱们来看一下安保问题。◆This raises fundamental questions about the nature of our society.这提出了关于我们社会性质的根本性问题。◆Which route is better remains an open question (= it is not decided).哪条路线更好些，这是个悬而未决的问题。NOTE 辨析 Matter or question?In many cases you can use either word. A matter is often sth practical that needs to be dealt with: people typically talk about, look at, discuss, debate, refer, pursue, deal with, handle, investigate, resolve or settle a matter. A question may also be practical, but is often sth more philosophical that is interesting to think about without actually coming to any conclusions: people typically think about, focus on, raise, address or ponder a question. However, all these collocates can be used with either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。matter常指须处理的实际问题，通常与talk about、look at、discuss、debate、refer、pursue、deal with、handle、investigate、resolve或settle搭配。question也可指实际问题，但较常指哲学性问题，思考起来颇有意趣，实际上得不出任何结论，通常与think about、focus on、raise、address或ponder搭配。不过，所有这些词均可与这两个词搭配使用。■ concern [countable] something that is important to a person, an organization or society （对某人、组织或社会）重要的事情◆What are your main concerns as a writer?身为作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？◆The overriding concern of the organizers is the safety of the participants.组织者首要关注的是参与者的安全问题。◆Environmental concerns have been thrust to the head of the party agenda.该党已将环境问题推为头等大事。 see also consideration ⇨ factor ■ item [countable] one thing on a list of things to buy, do or talk about 事项；项目◆What's the next item on the agenda?下一项议程是什么？◆Check the list carefully, item by item.逐项仔细核对一下清单。 material noun material ♦︎ substance ♦︎ chemical ♦︎ gas ♦︎ liquid ♦︎ fluid ♦︎ stuff ♦︎ matter ♦︎ solid ♦︎ elementThese are all words for sth from which other things are made. 这些词均表示材料、原料、物质。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a natural material / substance / chemical / gas◆a chemical substance / element◆organic material / substances / chemicals / liquid / matter / elements◆radioactive material / substances / chemicals / gas / liquid / matter / elements◆a toxic material / substance / chemical / gas / liquid / element◆a flammable material / substance / gas / liquid◆(a) sticky substance / stuff / liquid / fluid / solid◆waste material / chemicals / gas / matter■ material [countable, uncountable] something that things can be made from 材料；原料◆Toxic chemicals and other materials have been found.已查出有毒化学品和其他原料。◆There were bricks, sand and other building materials in the courtyard.院子里有砖、沙子和其他建筑材料。◆Oil is the raw material for plastic.石油是生产塑料的原料。■ substance [countable] a material that has particular qualities 物质；物品◆Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the brain.精神药物是作用于大脑的化学物质。◆Substances can be divided into elements, compounds and mixtures.物质可分为元素、化合物和混合物。■ chemical [countable] a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process (= a process that involves changes to molecules or atoms) 化学制品；化学品◆This chemical is often used to make cleaning products.这种化学品常用来制作清洁产品。◆Hormones are chemicals that are released in the body and control many important functions.激素是体内释放的化学物质，调控很多重要的机能。■ gas [countable, uncountable] any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for example hydrogen or oxygen 气体◆Air is a mixture of gases.空气为混合气体。◆Producing methane gas from organic waste is another extremely practical use of resources.利用有机废物生产沼气是另一种极为切实可行的利用资源的方法。■ liquid [countable, uncountable] a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oil 液体◆She offered me a cup containing a dark brown liquid.她递给我一杯深棕色的液体。◆As the air became warmer the droplets of liquid turned to invisible water vapour.随着空气变热，液滴转化成看不见的水蒸气。▸ liquid adjective ◆Water is liquid at room temperature.水在室温下是液态的。◆The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen.这些样本冷冻在液态氮中。OPP solid ⇨ solid ■ fluid / /ˈfluːɪd/ / [countable, uncountable] (formal or technical 术语) a liquid; a substance that can flow 液体；流体；液◆The doctor told him to drink plenty of fluids.医生嘱咐他多喝流质。◆The attacker's DNA pattern was identified from a sample of body fluid.袭击者的DNA图谱从体液样本中鉴定了出来。ⓘ Although a fluid is usually a liquid, it can be any substance which can flow, for example a gas or a liquid containing small solid pieces. 尽管fluid通常是liquid，但也有可能是任何流动的物质，如气体或含小块固体的液体。■ stuff [uncountable] (informal) used to refer to a substance or material when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about （用于事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时）东西，物品，玩意儿◆What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet?地毯上那黏糊糊的都是什么玩意儿？◆The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff.那些椅子包了某种塑料膜。◆This wine is good stuff.这酒不错。◆ (disapproving) I don't know how you can eat that stuff.我不明白你怎么能吃那种东西。 see also stuff ⇨ thing 3 , thing ⇨ thing 2 ■ matter [uncountable] (formal or physics 物理) a substance or things of a particular sort; physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of; not mind or spirit （某种）东西，物品，材料；（统称）物质◆The soil is rich in organic matter.这里的土壤富含有机物。◆She didn't approve of their choice of reading matter.她不赞同他们挑选的阅读材料。◆The behaviour of matter can be quantified by measures such as weight.物质的特性可以用重量等度量单位来作量化描述。■ solid [countable] a substance or object that is hard or firm, not a liquid or gas 固体◆Is calcium carbonate normally a solid or a liquid?碳酸钙在通常情况下是固体还是液体？◆The baby is not yet on solids (= eating solid food).那婴儿还不能吃固体食物。 see also solid ⇨ solid adj. ■ element [countable] (chemistry 化学) a simple chemical substance that consists of atoms of only one type and cannot be split by chemical means into a simpler substance. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements. 元素（如金、氧、碳）◆All chemical substances, whether elements, compounds or mixtures, are made up of three types of particles.所有化学物质，无论是元素、化合物还是混合物，都由三种粒子构成。 problem noun problem ♦︎ difficulty ♦︎ issue ♦︎ challenge ♦︎ trouble ♦︎ the matter ♦︎ complicationThese are all words for a thing or situation which is not easy to deal with or to understand. 这些词均表示难题、困难。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a problem / a difficulty / an issue / trouble / the matter / a complication with sth◆a problem / an issue / a challenge / trouble for sb◆further problems / difficulties / issues / challenges / trouble / complications◆the main problem / difficulty / issue / challenge / trouble◆(a) serious / real problem / difficulties / issue / challenge / trouble◆basic problems / difficulties / issues / trouble◆endless / severe problems / difficulties / trouble◆a major / minor problem / difficulty / issue / challenge / complication◆(a) big problem / issue / challenge / trouble◆to have problems / difficulties / issues / trouble◆to cause / avoid problems / difficulties / trouble / complications◆to create / bring / run into problems / difficulties / trouble◆to make difficulties / an issue of sth / trouble◆a problem / a difficulty / an issue / a complication arises / exists◆the problem / difficulty / trouble lies in sth■ problem [countable] a thing that is not easy to deal with or understand 棘手的问题；难题；困难◆Most students face the problem of funding themselves while they study.大部分学生在求学期间都会面临经济来源问题。◆Unemployment is a very real problem for graduates now.如今失业是毕业生面临的一个非常实际的问题。◆There's no history of heart problems (= disease connected with the heart) in our family.我们家族里没有心脏病史。◆It's a nice table. The only problem is it's too big for the room.这张桌子不错，唯一的问题是摆在房间里太大了。◆ (informal, spoken) 'But what am I supposed to do now?' 'Don't ask me－it's not my problem / that's your problem (= I don't care and you must deal with it yourself).“但是我现在该做什么呢？”“别问我－那不关我的事／那是你的事。”◆'Can I pay by credit card?' 'Yes, no problem.'“可以用信用卡付账吗？”“当然，没问题。” see also problematic ⇨ sensitive 2 ■ difficulty [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing or situation that is not easy to deal with 困难；难题；困境◆We've run into difficulties with the new project.我们在这个新项目上遇到了困难。◆He got into difficulties while swimming and had to be rescued.他游泳时遇险，只好靠人营救。◆She works with children with learning difficulties.她工作的对象是有学习障碍的孩子。◆The bank is in difficulty at the moment.目前那家银行正陷入困境。 see also difficulty ⇨ difficulty , difficult ⇨ difficult 1 2 NOTE 辨析 Problem or difficulty?To talk about one particular thing that is difficult to deal with use problem. * problem指一个特定的难题◆The problem first arose in 2003.这个问题首次出现在2003年。To talk about a number of things together that are difficult to deal with you can use problems or difficulties. 表示多个问题交织在一起的困境可用复数形式的problems或difficulties◆The project has been fraught with problems / difficulties from the start.该项目自一开始就困难重重。To talk about a situation that is full of problems, you can use difficulties or difficulty. 表示问题成堆的局面可以用difficulties或difficulty◆What should you do if you see someone in difficulties / difficulty in the water?如果看见有人被困水中，你会怎么办？ ■ issue [countable] (rather informal) a problem or worry that sb has with sth （有关某事的）问题，担忧◆Money is not an issue.钱不是问题。◆I don't think my private life is the issue here.我想现在问题并非在于我的私生活。◆I'm not bothered about the cost－you're the one who's making an issue of it.我不在乎花费－是你一直在拿花费大做文章。◆ (especially NAmE) She's always on a diet－she has issues about / with food.她总是在节食－她对吃的东西很注意。■ challenge [countable] (usually approving) a new or difficult task that tests sb's ability and skill 挑战；艰巨任务◆The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。◆She has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.做这个工作，她接受了一些令人兴奋的新挑战。ⓘ Unlike the other items in this group, a challenge is usually seen as a positive thing. 与本组其他词不同，challenge通常被看成是正面的事物◆an exciting / interesting challenge令人兴奋／感兴趣的挑战However, it is also used to describe a serious problem that you are determined to deal with in a positive way. 但也指决心要积极面对的严重问题◆Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境破坏是我们面临的最严重的挑战之一。 see also challenging ⇨ difficult 1 ■ trouble [uncountable, countable] (disapproving) a problem or worry, or a situation that causes this 问题；忧虑；苦恼◆We've never had much trouble with vandals around here.我们这一带从来没有多少破坏公物的问题。◆He could make trouble for me if he wanted to.他要是折腾起来也够我受的。◆She was on the phone for an hour telling me all her troubles.她在电话上跟我吐苦水，讲了一小时。◆The trouble with you is you don't really want to work.你的问题是你根本就不想工作。■ the matter [singular] (especially spoken) used (to ask) if sb is upset or unhappy or if there is a problem （用于询问是否不高兴或是否有问题）苦恼，麻烦事◆What's the matter? Is there something wrong?怎么了？出什么事了吗？◆Is anything the matter?有什么问题吗？◆Is something the matter with Bob? He seems very down.鲍勃出什么事了吗？他看起来情绪很低落。◆'We've bought a new TV.' 'What was the matter with the old one?'“我们买了台新电视机。”“那台旧的怎么了？”◆What's the matter with you today (= why are you behaving like this)?你今天是怎么了？■ complication /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ [countable, uncountable] a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficult 使更复杂化（或更困难）的事物◆The bad weather added a further complication to our journey.恶劣的天气给我们的旅行增添了更多的麻烦。 see also complicated ⇨ complex |