| 例句 |
measure noun
⇨ action (emergency measures) ⇨ criterion (a measure of success) action noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process 另见process条action ♦︎ measure ♦︎ step ♦︎ act ♦︎ move ♦︎ gesture ♦︎ deed ♦︎ stunt ♦︎ doingThese are all words for a thing that sb does. 这些词均表示行为、行动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an action / a measure / a step / an act / a move / a gesture / a deed / a stunt by sb◆a step / move / gesture towards sth◆a heroic / brave / daring action / step / act / move / gesture / deed◆a kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed◆a / an evil / terrible act / deed◆to take actions / measures / steps◆to do an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to perform an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to make a step / move / gesture■ action [countable, uncountable] a thing that sb does; the process of doing sth in order to make sth happen or to deal with a situation 所做之事；行动；行为过程◆Her quick action saved the child's life.她行动迅速，救了小孩的命。◆Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。◆Only the priest can perform these actions.只有神父才能够做这些事。◆We shall take whatever actions are necessary.我们将采取任何必要的措施。◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。◆What is the best course of action in the circumstances?在这种情况下，最佳的应对方法是什么？◆She began to explain her plan of action to the group.她开始向小组成员讲解她的行动计划。■ measure [countable] an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim （官方的）措施，方法◆Special measures are being taken to protect the local water supplies.正采取特别措施保护当地供水。◆Tougher measures against racism are needed.需要对种族主义采取更强硬的措施。◆This is just a temporary measure, while the emergency exists.这仅仅是在紧急情况下采取的临时措施。◆The government introduced emergency measures to stave off an economic crisis.政府推行了紧急措施来暂时纾缓经济危机。■ step [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve sth 步骤；措施◆This was a first step towards a united Europe.这是向统一欧洲的目标迈进的第一步。◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。◆This won't solve the problem but it's a step in the right direction.这虽不能解决问题，却是朝正确方向迈出的一步。◆The new drug is a major step forward in the treatment of the disease.研制出这种新药是治疗这一疾病的重大进展。■ act [countable] a thing that sb does 行为；行动◆an act of kindness / generosity / love / aggression / desperation善行；慷慨之举；爱的表示；挑衅；铤而走险◆You have committed a serious criminal act.你已经犯下严重罪行。◆The very act of writing out your plan clarifies what you need to do.将计划写下来，这样做能厘清你要做的事。◆He was caught in the act of stealing (= caught stealing).他偷窃时当场被抓。NOTE 辨析 Action or act?These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc. 这两个词意义相同，但用于不同的句型。act通常后接of，并常与形容词连用。action通常不与of连用，但常与his、her等词连用◆a heroic act of bravery英雄壮举◆a heroic action of bravery ◆his heroic actions / acts during the war他在战争中的英雄壮举 Action often combines with take but act does not. * action常与take搭配，act则不能◆We shall take whatever acts are necessary. ■ move [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth （为达目的而采取或需要采取的）行动◆This latest move by the government has aroused fierce opposition.政府最近采取的这一行动引起了强烈的反对。◆The management has made no move to settle the strike.资方还没有采取任何措施来解决罢工问题。◆If he wants to see me, he should make the first move.他要是想见我就得采取主动。◆Getting a job in marketing was a good career move.找份市场营销的工作是个不错的职业选择。■ gesture / /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ / [countable] a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention （表明感情或意图的）姿态，表示◆It was a nice gesture (= it was kind) to invite his wife too.把他妻子也请来是友好的表示。◆Words and empty gestures are not enough－we demand action!讲空话或摆姿态是不够的－我们需要的是行动！◆We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill / a goodwill gesture.我们不承担责任，但愿意退款，以表善意。■ deed [countable] (formal or literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad （善或恶的）行为，行动◆It's a stirring tale of heroic deeds.这是一则激动人心的英雄事迹。◆These were evil deeds perpetrated by wicked people.这些伤天害理的事都是坏人干的。◆ (rather informal, especially spoken) I took Sarah's children to school so I've done my good deed for the day.我送了萨拉的孩子去上学，所以今天已经做了善事。■ stunt [countable] a dangerous and difficult action that sb does to entertain people, especially as part of a film （尤指电影中的）特技表演◆He did all his own stunts in the movie.影片中所有的特技都是他自己完成的。◆a stunt pilot / rider / team特技飞行员／骑手／表演队◆a stuntman / stuntwoman男特技演员；女特技演员ⓘ Stunt is also used, sometimes in a disapproving way, for sth that is done in order to attract people's attention. * stunt有时含贬义，指意在引起注意的花招或噱头◆They jumped off London Bridge as a publicity stunt.他们跳伦敦桥作为宣传噱头。 ■ doing [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing done or caused by sb 所做的事；所作所为◆I've been hearing a lot about your doings recently.关于你的所作所为我最近听到很多。 criterion noun criterion ♦︎ standard ♦︎ test ♦︎ measure ♦︎ benchmark ♦︎ guide ♦︎ guideline ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ yardstick ♦︎ normThese are all words for amounts, or levels of quality, that are used to help you estimate or judge sb/sth. 这些词均表示用来评判的标准、准则、尺度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a criterion / measure / benchmark / yardstick / norm for sth◆by any criteria / standard / measure / yardstick◆against the criteria / standard / benchmark / yardstick / norm◆a useful criterion / test / measure / benchmark / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆(an) objective criterion / standards / test / measure / guide◆(a) general standards / measure / guide / guideline◆(a) reliable test / measure / guide / gauge / guidelines◆to serve as a criterion / measure / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆to provide a criterion / standard / measure / benchmark / guide / yardstick◆to set / establish criteria / a standard / the benchmark / norms■ criterion / /kraɪˈtɪəriən; NAmE kraɪˈtɪriən/ (plural criteria) [countable] a principle or level of quality by which sth is judged or by the help of which a decision is made （评判或作决定的）标准，准则，尺度◆The sole criterion is the market price of the land.唯一的标准是土地的市场价格。◆What are the criteria used in evaluating student performance?评定学生表现的准则是什么？◆The listing in the guide is proof that the restaurant meets certain criteria.在指南中榜上有名，证明这家餐馆达到了一定水准。■ standard [countable, usually plural] a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation （正常）水平；（应有的）标准，水准◆No matter how hard I tried I could never reach their standards.无论怎样努力，我总是达不到他们的标准。◆You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.要想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低标准。◆I don't know if it's up to your standards.我不知道这是否符合你的标准。◆It was a simple meal, by Eddie's standards.按埃迪的标准，那不过是顿便饭。◆The equipment was slow and heavy by modern standards.按现代标准，这设备又缓慢又笨重。■ test [countable] a situation or event that shows how good, strong, etc. sb/sth is 检验；考验◆The local elections will be a good test of the government's popularity.地方选举对政府是否得人心将是一个很好的检验。◆The game against Dundee will be a real test of character for us.与邓迪队的比赛对我们的意志将是一次真正的考验。◆The latest pay dispute has really put her management skills to the test.最近的薪酬纠纷确实让她的管理才能受到了考验。■ measure [countable] a way of judging or measuring sth; a sign of the size or strength of sth 判断；衡量；尺度；程度◆Exam results are only one measure of a school's success.考试成绩只是衡量学校水平的一个标准。◆Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension?这个测试是判断阅读理解能力的好方法吗？◆Her hand trembled slightly, a measure of her anxiety.她的手微抖，表明她感到焦虑。■ benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːk; NAmE ˈbentʃmɑːrk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with 基准◆The German recycling system is seen as a benchmark for schemes throughout Europe.德国的回收制度被视为全欧洲回收体系的标准。◆The central bank has cut its benchmark interest rate four times.中央银行已经四次调低基准利率。■ guide [countable, usually singular] something that gives you enough information to be able to make a decision about sth or form an opinion 指导原则；参考标准◆As a general guide, large dogs need more exercise than small ones.一般来说，大型犬比小型犬需要更多的运动。◆These figures should be taken as a rough guide.应该把这些数字看作大致的标准。■ guideline /ˈgaɪdlaɪn/ / [countable] something that can be used to help you make a decision or form an opinion 参考◆These prices are a guideline only.这些价格仅供参考。◆It may help to have a few guidelines to follow.有些规则可循，也许会有帮助。NOTE 辨析 Guide or guideline?There is very little difference in meaning between these two words. Guide is often used in situations where being exact is less important; guideline is often used in business situations, where it is impossible to be exact, but still important to be as nearly right as possible. Guide is not usually used in the plural. 这两个词含义差别很小。guide常用于不需要特别精确的场合，guideline常用于不可能精确但要尽量准确的商业场合。guide通常不用复数形式◆It may help to have a few guides to follow. ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [countable, usually singular] (written, especially business 尤用于商业) a thing, event or fact that can be used to estimate or judge sth 依据；尺度；标准◆The company was regarded as a gauge of Britain's industrial well-being.这家公司被视为衡量英国工业发展状况的指标。 see also gauge ⇨ estimate verb , gauge ⇨ judge verb 1 ■ yardstick /ˈjɑːdstɪk; NAmE ˈjɑːrdstɪk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with 衡量标准；准绳◆Exam results are not the only yardstick of a school's performance.考试成绩并非衡量学校水平的唯一标准。◆Rates of progress are difficult to compare without a common yardstick.没有共同的标准，进步的快慢不好比较。NOTE 辨析 Benchmark or yardstick?A benchmark is usually the particular standard that is used or recommended for measuring a particular thing; a yardstick is more often one of several possible standards that can be used. * benchmark通常指衡量特定事物的特定标准；yardstick则多指可以采用的几种标准之一。■ norm [countable] a required or agreed standard, level or amount 标准；定额；定量◆The level of background radioactivity is well below international norms.本底辐射强度远低于国际标准。 |