| 例句 |
mess noun
⇨ mess 1 (The room was in a mess.) ⇨ mess 2 (The economy is in a mess.) ⇨ chaos 2 (The whole situation is a mess.)mess1 noun The room was in a mess. 房间杂乱不堪。The economy is in a mess. 经济陷入了困境。mess ♦︎ clutter ♦︎ jumble ♦︎ disorder ♦︎ muddleThese are all words you can use when a place or group of things is very untidy. 这些词均表示杂乱、混乱、乱七八糟。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a mess / clutter / jumble / muddle of sth◆to be in a mess / a jumble / disorder / a muddle◆(a) complete mess / jumble / disorder◆to be a mess / jumble / muddle◆a bit of a mess / jumble■ mess [countable, usually singular] (sometimes disapproving) an untidy state in which things have been left in the wrong place or spread around 杂乱；不整洁◆The room was in a mess.房间杂乱不堪。◆Sorry, this place is a bit of a mess.对不起，这儿有点儿乱。◆The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。◆'What a mess!' she said, surveying the scene after the party.看着聚会后的情景，她说：“真是一片狼藉！”◆My hair's a real mess!我的头发太乱了！ see also messy ⇨ dirty , messy ⇨ untidy ▸ ˌmess sth ˈup phrasal verb ◆I don't want you messing up my nice clean kitchen.我不想让你弄脏我整洁的厨房。■ clutter [uncountable, singular] (rather informal, disapproving) a lot of things that make a place look untidy, especially when they are not needed or are not being used 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要或无用的）◆There's always so much clutter on your desk!你桌子上总有那么多乱七八糟的东西！◆There was a clutter of bottles, glasses and ashtrays on the table.桌子上胡乱地堆满了瓶子、玻璃杯和烟灰缸。ⓘ Clutter is sth that people often talk about trying to remove. Common collocates of clutter include avoid, get rid of, shed, free sth from and clear sth of. * clutter指人们经常说要扔掉的东西，常见的搭配词有avoid、get rid of、shed、free sth from和clear sth of。 see also cluttered ⇨ untidy ▸ clutter verb [transitive] ◆Don't clutter the page with too many diagrams.别用太多的图表来堆砌版面。◆I don't want all these boxes cluttering up the place.我不想看到那么多盒子乱堆在这个地方。■ jumble [singular] a lot of different things mixed together without any order and in an untidy way 杂乱的一堆；混乱的一团◆The room was a jumble of books, toys and sports equipment.房间里胡乱地堆放着书籍、玩具和运动器械。 see also jumble ⇨ jumble verb , jumbled ⇨ untidy NOTE 辨析 Clutter or jumble? Clutter is a more disapproving term than jumble, which is more simply descriptive. * clutter较jumble贬义更重，jumble仅仅是描述性的。■ disorder [uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which a place is untidy because there is no order in the way things are arranged 杂乱；混乱；凌乱◆The room was in a state of disorder.房间凌乱不堪。◆He loves tidying up, making order out of disorder.他喜欢整理东西，把杂乱无章的地方拾掇得井井有条。OPP order ⇨ efficiency see also disordered ⇨ untidy ■ muddle [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a state of confusion in which things are put together without any order and in an untidy way, so that it is difficult to find what you want 混乱；乱七八糟◆My papers are all in a muddle.我的文件混乱不堪。◆My desk was the usual muddle of books, files and papers.我的桌子上像往常一样胡乱地堆满了书籍、卷宗和文件。 mess2 noun The room was in a mess. 房间杂乱不堪。The economy is in a mess. 经济陷入了困境。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ chaos 另见chaos条mess ♦︎ dilemma ♦︎ plight ♦︎ predicament ♦︎ vicious circle ♦︎ corner ♦︎ straitsThese are all words for a difficult situation. 这些词均表示困境、窘境。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a mess / a dilemma / a plight / a predicament / a vicious circle / a corner / ... straits◆a real / terrible mess / dilemma◆(a) dire predicament / straits◆(a) financial mess / dilemma / plight / predicament / straits◆a moral / personal dilemma / predicament◆to find yourself in a dilemma / a predicament / ... straits◆to put sb in a dilemma / predicament◆to be caught in a dilemma / vicious circle■ mess [countable, usually singular] (rather informal) a situation that is full of problems, usually caused by lack of organization or mistakes that sb has made 麻烦，困境，混乱（通常因组织欠佳或人为错误所致）◆The economy is in a mess.经济陷入了困境。◆The whole situation is a mess.整个局势一团糟。◆I feel I've made a mess of things.我觉得我把事情搞糟了。◆Let's try to sort out the mess.咱们来收拾一下残局吧。▸ messy adjective ◆The divorce was painful and messy.那次离婚令人痛苦而又纠缠不清。■ dilemma / /dɪˈlemə, daɪˈlemə/ [countable] a situation which causes problems, often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance （进退两难的）窘境，困境◆She faced a dilemma about whether to accept the offer or not.她左右为难，不知道是否该接受提议。◆This poses a difficult dilemma for teachers.这给教师造成了进退两难的困境。◆I could see no way of resolving this moral dilemma.我想不出解决这一道德困境的办法。■ plight /plaɪt/ / [singular] (especially written) a difficult or sad situation, especially one involving a person or group of people 苦难；困境；苦境◆He has expressed deep concern about the plight of the flood victims.他对洪灾受害者的困境深表关切。◆A neighbour heard of her plight and offered to help.一位邻居听说了她的苦境，主动提出帮忙。■ predicament / /prɪˈdɪkəmənt/ / [countable] (rather formal) a difficult or unpleasant situation, especially one where it is difficult to know what to do 尴尬的处境；困境；窘境◆Other companies are in an even worse predicament than ourselves.其他公司的处境甚至比我们更糟糕。■ ˌvicious ˈcircle [singular] a situation in which one problem causes another problem which then makes the first problem worse 恶性循环◆He was trapped in a vicious circle of addiction and petty crime.他深陷毒瘾和轻罪的恶性循环。■ corner [countable, usually singular] (rather informal) a difficult situation, especially one which it is difficult to find a way out of （尤指难以找到出路的）困境，窘境◆She was used to talking her way out of tight corners.她惯于凭借口才摆脱困境。◆He had her backed into a corner a couple of times with new facts she didn't know.他用她所不了解的新的事实数次将她逼入困境。■ straits [plural] (always used after an adjective 总是用于形容词后) a very difficult situation, especially caused by lack of money （尤指经济拮据引起的）困境，境况窘迫◆The factory is in dire straits.工厂岌岌可危。◆She found herself in desperate financial straits.她发觉自己的经济状况极为窘迫。 chaos noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ mess 2 另见mess条第2义chaos ♦︎ confusion ♦︎ mess ♦︎ commotion ♦︎ mayhem ♦︎ havoc ♦︎ shambles ♦︎ pandemonium ♦︎ uproarThese are all words for a state of confusion and lack of order. 这些词均表示混乱无序。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in chaos / (the) confusion / a mess / the commotion / the mayhem / a shambles / pandemonium / (an) uproar◆(a) complete / total chaos / confusion / mess / mayhem / shambles / pandemonium◆general chaos / confusion / commotion / mayhem / pandemonium◆(a) great confusion / commotion / uproar◆to cause chaos / confusion / a mess / a commotion / mayhem / havoc / pandemonium / (an) uproar◆to create chaos / confusion / a mess / mayhem / havoc◆to bring chaos / mayhem / havoc◆to sort out the chaos / mess / shambles◆chaos / a commotion / mayhem / pandemonium / uproar breaks out◆chaos / confusion / pandemonium reigns◆There is / was chaos / confusion / a commotion / mayhem / pandemonium / uproar.◆It is / was chaos / a mess / mayhem / a shambles / pandemonium.■ chaos / /ˈkeɪɒs; NAmE ˈkeɪɑːs/ [uncountable] a situation in which things are happening in a confused way and there is no order or control at all 混乱；杂乱；紊乱◆Heavy flooding is causing total chaos across the country.严重的洪涝正导致全国陷入混乱。◆The house was in chaos after the party.聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。◆People started shouting and the meeting descended into chaos.人们叫喊起来，会议陷入混乱。OPP order ⇨ efficiency ▸ chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk; NAmE keɪˈɑːtɪk/ adjective ◆It's a bit chaotic around here at the moment.眼下这儿有点混乱。◆Amid chaotic scenes in court, the long-awaited verdict was announced.在一片混乱中，法庭宣布了等待很久的判决。■ confusion [uncountable] a situation in which a lot of things are happening at the same time and people do not know what action to take （让人不知所措的）混乱局面，乱成一团◆The protesters set off smoke bombs to create confusion and panic.抗议者点燃烟幕弹，制造混乱和恐慌。◆The local council has been thrown into total confusion by her resignation.她辞职后，地方议会完全陷入混乱状态。NOTE 辨析 Chaos or confusion? Chaos generally describes a total lack of order in a system or situation; confusion is mainly used about a group of people who suddenly don't know what to do. * chaos一般指系统或局面完全失控，confusion主要指一群人突然不知所措。■ mess [countable, usually singular] (rather informal) a situation that is full of problems because of a lack of organization or because people have made mistakes （组织欠佳或人为导致的）麻烦，困境，混乱◆The economy is in a mess.经济陷入了困境。◆The whole situation is a mess.整件事就是一团糟。◆I feel I've made a terrible mess of things.我觉得我把事情弄糟了。◆A new managing director has been appointed to clear up the financial mess.新任命了一位常务董事来收拾财务的残局。◆Who got us into this mess in the first place?首先，究竟是谁让我们惹上这样的麻烦？▸ messy adjective ◆The divorce was painful and messy.那次离婚既痛苦又纠缠不清。■ commotion /kəˈməʊʃn; NAmE kəˈmˈmoʊʃn/ [countable, usually singular, uncountable] sudden noisy confusion or excitement （突然发生的）喧闹，骚乱，骚动◆I heard a commotion upstairs and went to see what was happening.我听到楼上一阵喧闹，便去看看发生了什么事情。◆She waited until the commotion died down.她一直等着，直到骚乱渐渐平息。■ mayhem /ˈmeɪhem/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) confusion and fear, sometimes involving violence or injury, usually caused by some sudden shocking event （由突发的恐惧导致的）骚乱，慌乱◆The gales caused mayhem across much of the country.狂风在该国大部分地区造成了混乱。◆The terrorists brought mayhem to the crowded shopping area.恐怖分子在人流密集的商业区制造恐慌。■ havoc / /ˈhævək/ / [uncountable] a situation in which there are a lot of problems and confusion because of the bad effect of sth 灾害；祸患；混乱◆This new virus has created havoc for computer users.这种新病毒已经给计算机用户造成灾难。◆The fog is playing havoc with flight schedules.大雾严重打乱航班时刻表。◆Continuing strikes are beginning to wreak havoc on the economy.持续的罢工开始严重破坏经济。■ shambles [singular] (rather informal) a situation that is completely unsuccessful because of a lack of organization or because people have made mistakes （组织欠佳或人为导致的）混乱局面，无序场面，一片狼藉◆The economy was in a shambles last year.去年的经济一片混乱。◆Our defending was a complete shambles.我们的防守完全是一团糟。◆What a shambles!好乱哪！NOTE 辨析 Mess or shambles? Shambles is a stronger word than mess and suggests a situation in which organization has broken down completely. * shambles比mess语气更强烈，指秩序完全瘫痪的局面。■ pandemonium /ˌpændəˈməʊniəm; NAmE ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/ [uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which there is a lot of noise, activity and confusion, especially because people are feeling angry or frightened （尤指因人群愤怒或恐慌而造成的）骚动，喧嚣◆Pandemonium broke out when the news was announced.这消息一公布，立即乱成一片。◆It was absolute pandemonium in there.那里完全是一片混乱。■ uproar [uncountable, singular] a situation in which people shout and make a lot of noise because they are angry or upset about sth 吵闹；喧嚣；叫喊◆The trial ended in uproar.审判在吵闹中结束。◆Her comments provoked an uproar from the audience.她的评论激起了听众的鼓噪。 |