| 例句 |
messy adj.
⇨ dirty (messy clothes/jobs) ⇨ untidy (The house looks messy.) ⇨ scruffy (Her long black hair was messy and dirty.)dirty adjective dirty ♦︎ dusty ♦︎ filthy ♦︎ muddy ♦︎ soiled ♦︎ grubby ♦︎ stained ♦︎ messy ♦︎ unwashed ♦︎ grimyThese words all describe sb/sth that is not clean. 这些词均表示肮脏的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆dirty / dusty / filthy / muddy / soiled / grubby / stained / unwashed clothes◆dirty / dusty / filthy / grubby / unwashed / grimy hands◆dirty / dusty / filthy / grubby / grimy windows◆a dirty / dusty / filthy room◆a dirty / filthy / messy job◆to look dirty / dusty / grubby / messy / grimy◆to get dirty / dusty / filthy / muddy / stained / messy◆rather dirty / dusty / muddy / grubby / messy / grimy◆a bit dirty / dusty / muddy / grubby / messy◆slightly dirty / dusty / grubby / soiled / stained◆really dirty / dusty / filthy / messy / grimy◆very / extremely dirty / dusty / muddy / messy■ dirty not clean; covered with dust, soil, mud, oil, etc. 肮脏的；污秽的；积满尘垢的◆If your hands are dirty, go and wash them.如果你手脏，就去洗一下。◆My thumb had left a dirty mark on the paper.我的拇指在那张纸上留下了污迹。◆Try not to get too dirty!尽量别弄得太脏了！◆The soot had made everything dirty.煤烟子把所有东西都给弄脏了。◆I always get given the dirty jobs (= jobs that make you become dirty).让我干的都是些脏活。OPP clean ⇨ clean adj. ■ dusty full of dust; covered with dust 布满灰尘的；灰尘覆盖的◆The room was dark and dusty.那间屋子很黑，还布满了灰尘。◆We tramped for miles down the dusty road.我们在那条尘土飞扬的路上跋涉了好几英里。◆There were shelves full of faded dusty books.那里有一些书架，上面摆满了退了色且布满灰尘的书。■ filthy / /ˈfɪlθi/ / very dirty and unpleasant 肮脏的；污秽的◆Why are the streets so filthy in this part of the city?为什么这一带市区的街道如此肮脏？◆It's absolutely filthy in here.这里肮脏极了。◆There were two beggars dressed in filthy rags.有两个衣衫肮脏褴褛的乞丐。■ muddy full of or covered in mud 泥泞的；沾满污泥的◆Don't you come in here with those muddy boots on!你别穿着那双沾满污泥的靴子进来！◆We drove along the muddy track.我们沿着那条泥泞的小路驱车前行。◆Look, you've made the floor all muddy.瞧，你把地板弄得到处是泥。 see also mud ⇨ soil ■ soiled (rather formal) dirty, especially with waste from the body 肮脏的（尤指被人体污物弄脏的）◆She changed the soiled bedding.她更换了那些脏了的寝具。■ grubby (rather informal) rather dirty, usually because it has not been washed （未经清洗）肮脏的，邋遢的，污秽的◆My hands are a bit grubby.我双手有点脏。◆He hoped she wouldn't notice his grubby shirt cuffs.他希望她不会注意到他那污秽的衬衣袖口。■ stained (often in compounds 常构成复合词) covered with stains; marked with a stain (= a dirty mark that is difficult to remove) 满是污痕的；有污渍的◆The sheets were old and stained.那些床单旧了，还有污渍。◆The shirt was heavily stained with blood.那件衬衫沾满了血污。◆She was wearing a pair of paint-stained jeans.她穿着一条沾满油漆的牛仔裤。 see also stain ⇨ mark noun ■ messy (rather informal) dirty, especially with sth wet or sticky; that makes sb/sth dirty in this way 肮脏的（尤指湿答答或黏乎乎）；使弄脏的◆The children got really messy painting and gluing.孩子们又是画又是粘，把身上弄得脏兮兮的。◆Painting can be a messy job.刷油漆可是种脏活。ⓘ A messy house/room/desk is often untidy rather than dirty. * messy修饰house、room或desk时，常指不整洁而不是肮脏。 see also messy ⇨ scruffy , messy ⇨ untidy , mess ⇨ mess noun 1 ■ unwashed (especially written) that needs to be washed 未洗涤的；肮脏的◆The sink was full of unwashed dishes.洗碗槽里堆满了未洗的餐具。◆Their clothes were dirty and their hair unwashed.他们衣服脏了，头发也没洗。■ grimy / /ˈgraɪmi/ / dirty, especially with a layer of dust, soil, mud or oil on the surface 沾满污垢的；布满灰尘的◆Her hands were grimy from changing the car wheel.更换汽车轮胎使她双手沾满污垢。 untidy adjective untidy ♦︎ messy ♦︎ cluttered ♦︎ all over the place ♦︎ disordered ♦︎ out of place ♦︎ jumbledThese words all describe places that are in a state of disorder, with things in the wrong places. 这些词均表示不整齐的、凌乱的、杂乱的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an untidy / a messy / a cluttered house◆an untidy / a cluttered room / desk◆an untidy / a disordered state◆untidy / disordered hair◆an untidy / a messy / a jumbled heap / pile of sth◆an untidy / a jumbled collection of sth◆cluttered / jumbled up■ untidy (especially BrE, sometimes disapproving) not neat or well arranged 不整齐的；凌乱的◆Try not to make the place untidy.尽量别把这个地方弄得乱七八糟的。◆The books were piled an untidy heap.书胡乱地堆放着。◆Your hair is a little untidy.你的头发有点乱蓬蓬的。 OPP tidy ⇨ neat ▸ untidily adverb ◆Her hair fell untidily about her shoulders.她的头发蓬乱地披散在肩头。■ messy (rather informal, sometimes disapproving) in an untidy state with things left in the wrong place or spread around 不整齐的；凌乱的◆The house always looked messy.这房子看上去总是乱糟糟的。◆Sorry it's a bit messy in here.抱歉，这里有点儿乱。◆How did the place get so messy?这个地方怎么变得这么乱七八糟的？ see also messy ⇨ scruffy , mess ⇨ mess noun 1 NOTE 辨析 Untidy or messy?In American English messy is the most frequent of these words and untidy is not used so much; in British English untidy is the most frequent in this meaning, and messy is used more in the sense of 'dirty'. 在美式英语中，messy是这组词中最常用的，untidy不太常用；在英式英语中，表达此义最常用untidy，messy更多表示“肮脏”之义。 see also messy ⇨ dirty ■ cluttered (rather informal, disapproving) (of a surface or place) filled with too many things, so that it looks untidy （表面或地方）东西多而乱的，杂乱的，凌乱的◆His apartment was small, cluttered and dirty.他的公寓又小又乱又脏。◆The study was cluttered with furniture.书房里堆满了家具。OPP uncluttered ⇨ neat see also clutter ⇨ mess noun 1 ■ all ˈover the place idiom (informal) very untidy or completely disorganized 凌乱；狼藉；杂乱无章◆She arrived out of breath and with her hair all over the place.她气喘吁吁地赶到了，头发乱蓬蓬的。■ disordered (rather formal) untidy because there is no order in the way things are arranged 杂乱的；混乱的；凌乱的◆It is likely that the universe started out in a chaotic and disordered state.宇宙初始的状态可能是混乱无序的。OPP ordered ⇨ neat see also disorder ⇨ mess noun 1 ■ out of ˈplace idiom (usually used in negative statements 通常用于否定陈述) not in the correct place 不在适当的位置◆He does not like things out of place.他不喜欢东西乱放。◆She never has a hair out of place.她总是仪容整洁，纹丝不乱。■ jumbled mixed together without any order and in an untidy way 胡乱堆放在一起的；杂乱的◆There was a jumbled collection of objects on the mantelpiece.壁炉台上有一堆乱七八糟的东西。◆The drawer was full of letters all jumbled together.抽屉里塞满了乱作一堆的信件。 see also jumble ⇨ jumble verb , jumble ⇨ mess noun 1 scruffy adjective scruffy ♦︎ messy ♦︎ dishevelled ♦︎ unkempt ♦︎ tangled ♦︎ tousled ♦︎ matted ♦︎ stragglyThese words all describe sb/sth's appearance when it is untidy. 这些词均表示不整洁的、肮脏的、凌乱的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a scruffy / a messy / a dishevelled / an unkempt appearance◆a scruffy / a dishevelled / an unkempt man / woman / child◆messy / dishevelled / unkempt / tangled / tousled / matted / straggly hair◆unkempt / tangled / straggly trees / bushes / hedges, etc.◆slightly scruffy / messy / unkempt■ scruffy (especially BrE, rather informal, disapproving) (of a person, their clothes or general appearance) untidy （人、衣着或外表）不整洁的，邋遢的◆He looked a bit scruffy.他看上去有点邋遢。◆She was wearing her scruffy old jeans.她穿着脏兮兮的旧牛仔裤。OPP smart ⇨ elegant ■ messy (NAmE, disapproving) (of sb's hair, clothes or general appearance) untidy （头发、衣着或外表）肮脏的，凌乱的，不整洁的◆Her long black hair was messy and dirty.她的黑色长发又脏又乱。■ dishevelled (BrE) (NAmE usually disheveled) (literary, disapproving) (of a person, their hair or general appearance) untidy （人、头发或外表）肮脏的，凌乱的，不整洁的◆She returned at 1 a.m. in a dishevelled state.凌晨1点，她衣衫不整地回来了。NOTE 辨析 Scruffy, messy or dishevelled? Scruffy is much more frequent in British English than American English. Messy, meaning 'untidy', is only used to describe sb's appearance in American English; in British English it can only describe a place. You can talk about a scruffy/dishevelled man/woman/child, but a messy man/woman/child is sb who makes a mess, not sb who looks untidy. A scruffy person, or sb with a messy appearance, is untidy because they have not taken care of their appearance. A dishevelled person has become untidy as a result of sth, for example being out in wind and rain. Scruffy clothes are old and often dirty or with holes, etc.; messy clothes are untidy (in American English) or dirty (in British English). * scruffy在英式英语中比在美式英语中要常用得多。messy意为“不整洁的”，在美式英语中仅用于形容人的外表，在英式英语中仅用于形容场所。可以说a scruffy/dishevelled man/woman/child（邋遢／衣冠不整的男人／女人／孩子），但a messy man/woman/child指缺少条理、乱放东西的人而非外表不整洁的人。用scruffy形容人或用messy形容外表时，指因不修边幅而显得邋遢；dishevelled则表示外表邋遢事出有因，如遭遇了风雨等。scruffy形容服装时指衣服又旧又脏，或者有破洞等；messy形容服装时在美式英语中指不整洁，在英式英语中则指不干净。 see also messy ⇨ dirty , messy ⇨ untidy ■ unkempt (formal, disapproving) (especially of sb's hair or general appearance) untidy because it is not well cared for （尤指头发或外表）不整洁的，凌乱的，不修边幅的◆He had greasy, unkempt hair.他的头发油乎乎乱蓬蓬的。◆Behind the house was a wild and unkempt garden.房子后面有个荒芜凌乱的花园。■ tangled twisted together in an untidy way or with knots in 缠结的；混乱的；紊乱的◆They had to fight their way through the tangled undergrowth.他们只能奋力穿过盘根错节的灌木丛。◆Her hair was a tangled mass of damp curls.她的鬈发湿漉漉的乱作一团。◆Three people were cut from the tangled wreckage of the train.有三人是把火车扭结在一起的残骸切开后才给解救出来的。ⓘ Tangled can describe quite a lot of different things. Typical collocates include hair, curls, mass, mess and words for plants such as trees, creepers and undergrowth. * tangled可描述许多不同种类的事物，常见搭配词有hair、curl、mass、mess和一些植物名词，如tree、creeper和undergrowth。■ tousled / /ˈtaʊzld/ / (written, often approving) (of sb's hair) untidy, especially in an attractive way （头发）蓬乱的（尤指好看的发型）◆She was an adorable child, with a tousled mass of dark curls.她是个惹人喜爱的孩子，一头黑色鬈发乱蓬蓬的。■ matted (of hair or fur) stuck together in a thick mass, especially after getting wet or dirty （尤指头发或毛皮变湿或变脏后）缠结的，蓬乱的◆The dog's coat easily becomes matted.狗的皮毛很容易变得脏湿蓬乱。◆The back of her head was matted with blood.她后脑勺上的头发因染血而缠结成一团。■ straggly (disapproving) (of hair or plants) growing or hanging in separate long thin bits that need cutting, in a way that is not tidy or attractive （头发）蓬乱不堪的；（植物）杂乱蔓生的◆She was a thin woman with straggly grey hair.她身体瘦削，灰发蓬乱。◆Cut the hedge regularly to prevent it becoming straggly.树篱要定期修剪，以免杂乱蔓生。 |