assembly noun ⇨assembly (regional assemblies)⇨meeting1 (a public assembly)⇨production (a car assembly plant)
assembly
noun
assembly ♦︎ council ♦︎ parliament ♦︎ congress ♦︎ senate ♦︎ house ♦︎ chamber ♦︎ legislatureThese are all words for a group of people who are elected to make decisions or make laws for a country or region.这些词均表示议会、立法机构。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an elected assembly / council / parliament / senate / house / chamber / legislature◆the federal / national assembly / parliament / council / legislature◆a local / regional assembly / council / parliament◆the upper / lower house / chamber (of the parliament / legislature, etc)◆to elect an assembly / a council / a parliament◆to elect sb to an assembly / a council / parliament / the senate◆to convene parliament / congress / the legislature◆to dissolve the assembly / parliament / congress / the legislature◆the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / house / chamber / legislature votes (for / on sth)◆the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / house / legislature passes a resolution / bill / law, etc.◆a member of the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / legislature◆a session of the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / legislature■assembly ( Assembly) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are elected to make decisions or laws for a region or country立法机构；议会◆Power has been handed over to provincial and regional assemblies.权力已移交给省和地区议会。◆The party has only 3 seats in the 51-seat National Assembly.该党在国会的51席中仅占3席。■council ( Council) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are elected to make decisions for an area such as a city or county（市、郡等的）政务委员会，地方议会◆She's on the local council(= is a member of the council).她是地方议会的议员。◆He's the former leader of Liverpool City Council.他是利物浦市议会前领导人。■parliament [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] the group of people who are elected to make the laws of a country议会；国会◆She was elected as a member of the Dutch parliament in 1996.她于1996年当选荷兰议会议员。◆Riot police yesterday surrounded the Georgian parliament building.防暴警察昨天包围了格鲁吉亚议会大楼。ⓘ In many countries, the parliament is made up of two parts called houses or chambers.在许多国家，议会(parliament)分两院，议院称为house或chamber。 see also parliament ⇨ government1■congress ( Congress) [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular, uncountable] the group of people who are elected to make the laws of a country, especially a republic(= a country governed by an elected president, not a king or queen)（尤指共和国的）国会，议会◆Congress will vote on the proposals tomorrow.国会明天将对提案进行投票。ⓘ In the US, Congress is the name of the parliament and consists of the Senate which is the upper house, and the House of Representatives, which is the lower house.在美国，议会称为Congress，由参议院(Senate)和众议院(House of Representatives)组成。NOTE辨析 Parliament or congress?A congress is slightly different from a parliament because its role is just that of making laws (= it is the legislature). The laws are put into effect by the executive, which is a separate group of people and not part of the congress. In a parliamentary system the parliament is the legislature, and the executive is made up of a smaller group of people from within the parliament. * congress与parliament稍有不同，因为congress仅为立法机构(legislature)，法律由congress以外的独立行政部门(the executive)实施。在议会制(parliamentary system)的国家，parliament是立法机构，行政部门由parliament内部的一小部分人组成。■senate (usually通常作the Senate) [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] one of the two groups of people who are elected to make laws in some countries, for example in the US, France and Australia参议院（美国、法国、澳大利亚等国的两个立法机构之一）◆The bill was passed by the Senate last month.该议案上个月在参议院通过了。ⓘ The Senate is the smaller of the two groups that make up a parliament or congress in some countries, but higher in rank. Many state parliaments in the US also have a Senate.在某些国家，Senate（参议院）是组成parliament或congress的两个机构之一，人数较少但是地位较高。美国许多州议会也设有参议院。■house ( House) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who make the laws of a country, usually one of two groups which make up the parliament of the country议院（通常为议会的两院之一）◆Legislation requires approval by both houses of parliament.立法须得到议会两院的一致通过。■chamber / /ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who make the laws of a country, usually one of two groups which make up the parliament of the country议院（通常为议会的两院之一）◆They are seeking to overturn the Liberal majority in the second chamber(= the upper part of the parliament).他们正设法改变自由党在上议院占多数席位的现状。■legislature / /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃə(r)/ / [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] (formal) a group of people who make the laws of a country立法机关◆She is the youngest woman to be elected to the national legislature.她是入选国家立法机关最年轻的女性。ⓘ The legislature is the part of a country's government that makes laws. It contrasts with the executive, which is responsible for putting laws into effect and the judiciary, the judges who apply the laws. * legislature是国家政体的组成部分，负责立法。与之相对应的是负责执法的行政部门(the executive)，以及负责司法的司法部门(the judiciary)。 see also the executive ⇨ government1
meeting1
noun
a business meeting业务会议a chance meeting偶然的会面meeting ♦︎ conference ♦︎ session ♦︎ summit ♦︎ gathering ♦︎ assembly ♦︎ convention ♦︎ caucusThese are all words for an occasion when lots of people come together for a particular reason.这些词均表示会议、集会、大会。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an annual meeting / conference / session / summit / gathering / assembly / convention◆an international meeting / conference / summit / gathering / assembly / convention◆a public meeting / gathering / assembly / session◆a two-day / three-day conference / session / summit / convention◆a bilateral / multilateral meeting / session / summit / convention◆an illegal meeting / gathering / assembly◆to hold a meeting / a conference / a session / a summit / a gathering / an assembly / a convention / a caucus◆to host a meeting / a conference / summit / gathering / convention◆to call a meeting / a conference / a session / a summit / an assembly / a caucus◆to attend a meeting / a conference / a session / a summit / a gathering / an assembly / a convention◆to chair a meeting / a conference / a session / a summit / an assembly◆to address a meeting / a conference / a session / a gathering / an assembly / a convention◆a meeting / conference / session / summit / gathering / convention takes place◆delegates to a conference / a session / a summit / an assembly / a convention■meeting [countable] an occasion when people come together to discuss or decide sth会议；集会◆a committee / staff meeting委员会／全体员工会议◆What time is the meeting?什么时候开会？◆Helen will chair the meeting(= be in charge of it).海伦将主持会议。◆I'll be in a meeting all morning－can you take my calls?我一上午都要开会－你能不能帮我接一下电话？◆A meeting of the United Nations Security Council was called.联合国安理会安排了一次会议。ⓘ The meeting [singular] is the people at a meeting.单数形式的the meeting统称与会者◆The meeting voted to accept the pay offer.与会者投票接受这一工资提议。■conference [countable, uncountable] a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views; a meeting at which people have formal discussions（通常持续几天的大型正式）会议，研讨会；（正式的）讨论会，商讨会◆She is attending a three-day conference on AIDS education.她正在出席一个为期三天的有关艾滋病教育的会议。◆The AIDS conference will be held in Glasgow.艾滋病大会将在格拉斯哥举行。◆He was in conference with his lawyers all day.他与他的律师们商讨了一整天。ⓘ A press conference (especially BrE) /news conference (NAmE) is a meeting at which sb talks to a group of journalists in order to answer their questions or to make an official statement. * press conference（尤用于英式英语）或news conference（美式英语）指记者招待会、新闻发布会。■session [countable] a formal meeting or series of meetings of a court, parliament, etc.; a period of time when such meetings are held（法庭的）开庭，开庭期；（议会等的）会议，会期◆a session of the UN General Assembly一届联合国大会◆The court is now in session.法庭现在正在开庭。◆The committee met in closed session(= with nobody else present).委员会举行了闭门会议。■summit [countable] an official meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments at which they discuss important matters（政府间的）首脑会议；峰会◆The conference will form part of the European summit in Rome next month.这次会议是下个月在罗马召开的欧洲首脑会议的一部分。◆The President of Costa Rica will chair the summit meeting.哥斯达黎加总统将主持峰会。■gathering [countable] a meeting of people for a particular purpose聚集；聚会；集会◆a social / family gathering社交／家庭聚会◆He was asked to speak at a gathering of religious leaders.他获邀在宗教领袖的集会上讲话。■assembly / /əˈsembli/ / [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) a meeting of people for a particular purpose聚集；聚会；集会◆He was to address a public assembly on the issue.他将就这个问题在公众集会上发表演说。◆Laws governing freedom of assembly were gradually being relaxed.有关集会自由的法律正逐渐放宽。ⓘ An assembly [countable, uncountable] is also a meeting of the teachers and students in a school, often at the start of the day, to give information, discuss school events or say prayers together. * assembly亦指全校师生的晨会、朝会◆There is a whole school assembly every Friday morning.每个星期五早晨全校师生都要举行晨会。◆I'm playing the flute in assembly tomorrow morning.我明天早晨要在晨会上演奏长笛。NOTE辨析 Gathering or assembly?A gathering is often more informal than an assembly. A gathering may be a social event or an event at which people discuss matters of shared interest among themselves. An assembly is more often called to discuss a particular matter that people feel is very important, especially when they think it is not being properly addressed by the government or authorities. * gathering常不如assembly正式。gathering可指社交聚会，或指人们聚在一起讨论彼此共同感兴趣的话题的场合。人们召集assembly的目的往往是讨论他们认为很重要的特定问题，尤其是那些他们认为政府或当局未能妥善处理的问题。■convention [countable] a conference, especially for the members of a profession, political party, fan club or other association（尤指某一职业、政党、爱好者俱乐部或其他协会的）成员大会，集会◆The party's annual convention will be held on April 6.该党的年度大会将于4月6日召开。■caucus / /ˈkɔːkəs/ / [countable] (especially NAmE) a meeting of the members or leaders of a political party to choose candidates or to decide policy; the members or leaders of a political party as a group（由领导人或一般成员参加，为挑选候选人或制订政策的）政党会议；（政党的）全体成员，领导班子◆20 states will hold precinct caucuses on Tuesday to choose delegates to the parties' national conventions.20个州将于星期二召开选区政党会议，选出参加各党全国大会的代表。
production
noun
production ♦︎ construction ♦︎ industry ♦︎ manufacturing ♦︎ building ♦︎ making ♦︎ manufacture ♦︎ assemblyThese are all words for the process of making or building sth.这些词均表示制造、建造。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆commercial / industrial production / construction / manufacturing / building / manufacture◆local production / construction / industry / manufacturing / building / manufacture◆large-scale / small-scale production / industry / manufacturing / manufacture◆car / textile / food production / manufacture◆house / road construction / building◆production / construction / manufacturing / building / assembly methods / processes / systems / techniques◆construction / manufacturing / building companies / costs / firms / jobs / materials / work◆the construction / (a / the) manufacturing / the building industry◆a production / construction / manufacturing / building / assembly worker◆a production / an assembly line■production [uncountable] the process of making or growing goods, materials or food, especially in large quantities（尤指大批量的）生产，制造，制作◆Production of the new aircraft will start next year.新飞机的生产将于明年开始。◆The new model will be in production by the end of the year.新型号将于年底投产。◆to go into production投产◆The car went out of production in 2005.这种汽车已于2005年停产。◆the mass production of consumer goods(= production of goods in large quantities, using machinery)消费品的批量生产 see also production ⇨ output, produce ⇨ manufacture■construction [uncountable] the process of building or making sth, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.建筑，建造（尤指道路、建筑物、桥梁等）◆Work has begun on the construction of the new airport.新机场的修建已经开工。◆Our new offices are still under construction.我们的新办公楼尚在修建中。OPPdemolition ⇨ demolish see also construct ⇨ build, construction ⇨ structure■industry [uncountable] economic activity concerned with processing raw materials or producing goods, especially in factories工业；生产制造◆Pollution from the country's heavy industry is probably the worst in Europe.该国重工业造成的污染可能是欧洲最严重的。◆It is the home of light industry, with several small businesses based in the town.这里是轻工业之乡，城里有几家小型企业。◆On leaving college she got a job in industry.毕业后她在工厂里找了一份工作。 see also industry ⇨ industry▸industrial
adjective
◆industrial output工业产量◆industrial chemicals工业用化学品◆the world's leading industrial nations全球主要工业国■manufacturing [uncountable] the industry of producing goods in large quantities in factories制造业◆Many jobs in manufacturing were lost during the recession.在经济衰退期，制造业有许多人失业。◆The company has established its first manufacturing base in Europe.该公司已经在欧洲建立了第一个制造业基地。 see also manufacture ⇨ manufacture■building [uncountable] the process and work of building建筑；建筑工程◆the building of the new stadium新体育场的修建◆There's building work going on next door.邻居正大兴土木。OPPdemolition ⇨ demolish see also build ⇨ buildNOTE辨析 Construction or building?In many cases you can use either word. Construction is a more technical word and is used more in business and industrial contexts. Building is a more everyday word and is used more to talk about building work that is smaller in scale.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。construction专业性较强，多用于商务或工业语境。building较日常化，多指较小规模的修建。■making [uncountable] (often in compounds常构成复合词) the process of making sth生产；制作◆film-making电影制作◆dressmaking制衣◆tea and coffee making facilities沏茶和煮咖啡的用具◆the making of social policy社会政策的制订◆This model was two years in the making(= being made).这种型号制造了两年。ⓘ Making is a very general word and can be used to talk about anything that you make, but not to talk about things that you build. * making含义很广，可以指任何制作，但不指建造◆house making see also make ⇨ make1■manufacture [uncountable] the process of making goods in large quantities大量制造；批量生产◆cloth / vehicle manufacture布匹／车辆生产◆What is the date of manufacture?生产日期是哪天？ see also manufacture ⇨ manufactureNOTE辨析 Production, manufacturing or manufacture?Production and manufacture emphasize the process of actually making the goods. * production和manufacture强调生产过程◆car / steel production / manufacture汽车／钢铁生产／制造Manufacturing emphasizes the business of making goods in large quantities. * manufacturing强调大批量生产的行业◆manufacturing industry制造业◆production/manufacture industryProduction can be used to talk about growing food and obtaining raw materials as well as making goods, but manufacture can only be used to talk about goods and food that is made, not grown. * production既可以指生产商品，也可以指种植食用作物和获取原材料，但manufacture仅指商品和食品的加工制造，不指种植◆oil/meat/wheat manufacture■assembly [uncountable] the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture装配；组装◆the correct assembly of the parts零部件的正确组装◆a car assembly plant汽车装配厂◆Some assembly of the equipment is required.需要组装一些设备。 see also assemble ⇨ build