| 例句 |
act verb
⇨ act (act promptly) ⇨ affect (Alcohol acts on the brain.) ⇨ behave (act strangely) ⇨ play 3 (act the role of Hamlet) ⇨ pretend (act dumb)act noun
⇨ action (an act of kindness) ⇨ performance (a circus act) ⇨ pretence (put on an act) ⇨ rule (the Higher Education Act) act verb act ♦︎ do something ♦︎ take action ♦︎ take steps ♦︎ move ♦︎ make a, your, etc. moveThese words all mean to deal with a situation in a particular way. 这些词均表示行动、采取措施。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to act / take action / take steps / move / make your move against sb / sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move to do sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move / make your move immediately◆to act / do something / take action / move quickly■ act [intransitive] to do sth for a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.至关重要的是，我们应该采取行动制止破坏雨林。◆The girl's life was saved because the doctors acted so promptly.多亏医生行动迅速，女孩的生命得救了。◆He claims he acted in self-defence.他声称自己是出于自卫。ⓘ Act in this meaning is often followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency. * act表达此义时，常后接表示迅速或紧急之意的副词◆They acted at once / immediately / promptly / quickly / swiftly.他们立即采取了行动。 Act is also often used when people are talking about whether sb should be blamed for doing sth that has had a negative effect. * act也常用于谈及某人的行为造成负面结果而是否应该受到指责◆He acted in self-defence / in good faith.他是出于自卫／好意。 ■ ˈdo something phrase (does, did, done) (rather informal, especially spoken) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆The company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应对差劲的服务采取点儿措施。◆Don't just stand there－do something.别光站在那儿，做点儿什么吧。■ ˌtake ˈaction phrase (took, taken) (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。■ ˌtake ˈsteps phrase (took, taken) (especially written) to do a series of things in order to achieve sth 采取（一系列）措施◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。ⓘ Unlike other verbs in this group, take steps does not necessarily suggest that sth is very urgent. 有别于这组词中的其他动词，take steps不一定意味着事情很紧急。■ move [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆The police moved quickly to dispel the rumours.警察迅速采取行动来消除谣言。ⓘ Move is usually followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency such as swiftly or quickly. * move通常后接表示迅速或紧急的副词，如swiftly或quickly。■ make a, your, etc. ˈmove idiom (made, made) (especially written) to do the action that you intend to do or need to do in order to achieve sth 采取行动；开始行动◆The rebels waited until nightfall before they made their move.叛乱者等到夜幕降临才开始行动。 affect verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ influence verb 另见influence动词词条affect ♦︎ involve ♦︎ concern ♦︎ influence ♦︎ work ♦︎ impact ♦︎ take (a) hold ♦︎ leave a mark ♦︎ act ♦︎ colourThese words all mean to have an effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示对某人或某事物有影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to impact / act / leave a mark on sth◆to be involved / concerned in sth◆to affect / influence what happens◆to affect / influence how / why / when / where sth happens◆to affect / influence / colour sb's judgement / attitude◆to directly / indirectly affect / involve / concern / influence / impact on / act on sb / sth◆to adversely / inevitably affect / influence / impact on sth■ affect [transitive, often passive] to have an effect on sb/sth 影响◆How will these changes affect us?这些变化会对我们有什么影响？◆Your opinions will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。◆The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.该国南方旱情最严重。◆The type of audience will affect what you say and how you say it.听众的类型会影响你讲话的内容和方式。 see also effect ⇨ effect noun , bias ⇨ influence verb ■ involve [transitive] to be a situation, event or activity that sb takes part in or is affected by 牵涉；牵连；影响◆There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.有一起严重事件涉及一群年轻人。◆How many vehicles were involved in the crash?这起撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？■ concern [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) (of an issue, situation or event) to involve sb because they have a particular reason to be interested in it or a particular part to play in it （问题、状况或事件）涉及，牵扯（某人）◆Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.不要插手跟你无关的事情。◆The meetings were often embarrassing for all concerned.这些会面常常让所有相关人员觉得尴尬。◆The individuals concerned will have some explaining to do.涉及的每个人都要作些解释。NOTE 辨析 Involve or concern? Involve suggests a greater degree of physical activity, when sb is actually doing sth or sth happens to them. * involve较为强调实际活动。某人与此相关，是因为他的所作所为，或因为事情发生在他身上◆an incident concerning a group of youths ◆the vehicles concerned in the crash Concern suggests a greater degree of interest or responsibility, when an issue particularly affects sb, or a situation is caused by sb. * concern较为强调利益或责任。某人与此相关，是因为受到特定影响，或导致某种局面。 ■ influence [transitive] to have an effect on a particular situation and the way it develops 影响；对⋯起作用◆A number of social factors influence life expectancy.诸多社会因素影响人的预期寿命。◆The local climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream.当地气候受湾流影响。◆At college she met the two people who most influenced her career.上大学时，她遇到两个人，对她的事业影响最大。 see also influence ⇨ influence verb , influence ⇨ effect noun ■ work [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to have a particular effect on sb/sth, especially either a positive or negative effect 产生（正面或负面）作用◆Your age can work against you in this job.你的年龄会不利于你做这份工作。◆Speaking Italian should work in his favour.会说意大利语应该对他有好处。■ impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) to have an effect on sth, especially a bad one 有（坏的）影响；有（坏的）作用◆The border dispute could impact on the work of aid agencies.边界争端有可能影响援助机构的工作。◆The company's performance was impacted by the high value of the pound.公司业绩受到了英镑升值的冲击。 see also impact ⇨ effect noun ■ take (a) ˈhold idiom to begin to have a strong effect on sth or have complete control over sb/sth; to become very strong 开始有巨大影响；开始完全控制；变得十分强大◆Panic took hold of him and he couldn't move.他惊恐万分，动弹不得。◆It was in the sixties that the cult of the teenager first took hold.正是在上世纪60年代，青少年的狂热崇拜开始蔚然成风。■ leave your ˈmark■ leave a ˈmark■ leave its ˈmark idiom to have an effect on sb/sth, especially a bad one, that lasts for a long time 留下久远的（坏）影响◆Such a traumatic experience is bound to leave its mark.这样的痛苦经历肯定会留下烙印。■ act [intransitive](especially of a drug, chemical or physical force) to have a physical effect on sth （药物、化学品或外力）有影响，起作用◆Alcohol acts quickly on the brain.酒精可以对大脑迅速产生影响。◆It took a few minutes for the drug to act.几分钟后药物才起作用。 see also action ⇨ effect noun ■ colour (BrE) (NAmE color) [transitive] to have an effect on sth, especially sb's opinion or attitude, often in a negative way （尤指消极地）影响（观点或态度）◆The experience moulded and coloured her whole life.这次经历影响了她一生。◆Don't let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings.不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。 behave verb behave ♦︎ treat ♦︎ do ♦︎ act ♦︎ conduct yourselfThese words all mean to do things in a particular way. 这些词均表示以特定的方式行事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself as if / though sth were the case◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself like sb / sth◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself with sth◆to behave / act in a particular way towards sb◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself properly◆to behave / treat sb / conduct yourself well◆to behave / treat sb / act appropriately / reasonably / accordingly / differently / with dignity◆to behave / treat sb / sth badly / abominably◆to behave / act sensibly / stupidly / normally / strangely / suspiciously / aggressively◆to treat sb / act fairly / unfairly / unjustly / wrongly■ behave [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to do things in a particular way （以特定的方式）行事；表现◆They behaved very badly towards their guests.他们对客人很不礼貌。◆He behaved like a true gentleman.他的行为像个真正的绅士。◆She behaved with great dignity.她表现得很尊贵。◆He behaved as if nothing had happened.他显得像是什么都没发生过。ⓘ In spoken English people often use like instead of as if or as though, especially in American English. 在口语中，尤其是美式英语中，常用like代替as if或as though◆He behaved like nothing had happened.他显得像是什么都没发生过。This is considered incorrect in written British English. 在英式书面英语中，此用法被视为不正确。 ▸ behaviour (BrE) (NAmE behavior) noun [uncountable] ◆good / bad behaviour良好／恶劣行为◆His behaviour towards her was becoming more and more aggressive.他对待她的态度越来越蛮横。■ treat [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way towards sb/sth 以⋯态度对待；以⋯方式对待◆You should treat people with more respect.你待人该多些尊重。◆Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.爱惜你的键盘，这样就可以用上很多年。◆My parents still treat me like a child.我父母仍然把我当成孩子。▸ treatment noun [uncountable] ◆the brutal treatment of political prisoners对政治犯的虐待◆Certain city areas have been singled out for special treatment.某些城区已划出要进行特别治理。■ do (does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in the way mentioned （以某种方式）做；行动；表现◆Do as you're told!照吩咐的去做！◆They are free to do as they please.他们想怎么做就怎么做。◆Just do what they tell you to do.照他们所说的去做就是了。◆Do whatever you like.你喜欢做什么就做什么。ⓘ In this meaning do is usually followed by as, but can also be followed by what or whatever. 表达此义时，do通常与as引导的从句连用，亦可与what或whatever引导的从句连用。■ act [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way 表现；行事◆John's been acting very strangely lately.近来约翰的行为怪得很。◆Stop acting like spoilt children!别像惯坏的孩子那样胡闹了！◆She was acting as if she'd seen a ghost.她表现得像是见到鬼一样。◆You acted very wisely in coming to me.你来找我很明智。ⓘ See the note about like, as if and as though at behave. 有关like、as if和as though的注释见上面的分词条behave。NOTE 辨析 Behave or act? Behave is usually used to talk about sb's general behaviour, not a particular action. * behave通常表示一般性的而非具体的行为◆You behaved very wisely in coming to me. Behave is used to talk about how well, how sensibly or how normally sb has behaved, but not how fairly or legally. * behave可以表示行为好坏、是否明智或正常，但不能表示行为是否公正或合法◆to behave well / impeccably / sensibly / suspiciously表现好；表现得无可挑剔／很明智／令人起疑◆to behave unfairly/illegally/unlawfully/wrongly Act is used to talk about how sensibly, how normally, how fairly or how legally sb has behaved, but not how well. * act可以表示行为是否明智、正常、公正或合法，但不能表示行为好坏◆to act wisely / out of character / fairly / unlawfully行事明智／不符合某人的性格／公正；行为不合法◆to act well/impeccably/badly/abominably ■ conˈduct yourself [transitive] (formal) (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way 表现；行事◆He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。◆The report challenges them to examine how they conduct themselves in the workplace.报告迫使他们检讨自己在工作场所的行为。▸ conduct /ˈkɒndʌkt; NAmE ˈkɑːndʌkt/ noun [uncountable] (formal) ◆We need to improve standards of training and professional conduct.我们需要提高培训和职业操守的水准。◆The sport has a strict code of conduct.该项体育运动有严格的行为规范。 play3 verb children playing 孩子们在玩耍play football/for England/against France 踢足球；代表英格兰参赛；跟法国队比赛play the piano/the role of Hamlet 弹钢琴；扮演哈姆雷特play ♦︎ perform ♦︎ stage ♦︎ do ♦︎ produce ♦︎ act ♦︎ put sth on ♦︎ presentThese words all mean to play a musical instrument, sing, act in a play, etc., especially to entertain an audience. 这些词均表示演奏、演唱或扮演。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to play / perform / do a piece◆to play / act a role / part◆to perform / stage / do / produce / act in / put on / present a play / show◆to perform / stage / do / act in / put on a production◆to stage / do / put on / present a / an performance / concert / exhibition◆a band / musician plays / performs / does sth◆a company stages / does / produces / puts on / presents a play / show◆to play / perform / stage / act / present sth well◆to play / perform / stage / present sth brilliantly◆to play / perform / act sth together◆to play / perform / do sth live / in public■ play [transitive, intransitive] to make music on a musical instrument; to take a part in a play or film 演奏（乐器）；（在戏剧或电影中）扮演◆I'm learning to play the piano.我正学弹钢琴。◆Play us that new piece.给我们演奏那首新曲子吧。◆In the distance a band was playing.远处有个乐队在演奏。◆The part of the Queen was played by Helen Mirren.女王这一角色由海伦•米伦扮演。◆He had always wanted to play Othello.他一直想扮演奥赛罗。■ perform [transitive, intransitive] to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc. 演出；表演◆The play was first performed in 1987.该剧于1987年首演。◆I'd like to hear it performed live.我希望能听现场演出。◆I'm looking forward to seeing you perform.我期待着看你演出。 see also performance ⇨ performance , performer ⇨ actor ■ stage [transitive] (especially written) to organize a play or event for people to see 上演；举办；举行◆The local theatre group is staging a production of 'Hamlet'.当地剧团在上演《哈姆雷特》。◆They're staging an exhibition in the church hall.他们正在教堂大厅里办展览。◆Birmingham has bid to stage the next national athletics championships.伯明翰申办了下届全国田径锦标赛。 see also stage ⇨ drama ■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] (rather informal, especially spoken) to perform or organize a performance of a play, opera, concert, etc. 演出，编排（戏剧、歌剧、音乐会等）◆The local dramatic society is doing 'Hamlet' next month.当地剧社下月上演《哈姆雷特》。■ produce [transitive] to be in charge of preparing a play, film or television programme for the public to see 制作，拍摄（戏剧、电影或电视节目）◆She produced a TV series about adopted children.她拍摄了一部描写被收养儿童的电视系列片。 see also production ⇨ performance ■ act [intransitive, transitive] to perform a part in a play or film 扮演（戏剧或电影中的角色）◆Most of the cast act well.这出戏大多数演员演得不错。◆He just can't act (= acts very badly).他根本不会演戏。◆The play was well acted.这出戏演得不错。◆She is acting the role of Juliet.她在演朱丽叶这一角色。 see also acting ⇨ drama , actor ⇨ actor NOTE 辨析 Play or act?In this meaning, act can be used with an object ( act a part/role) as well as without ( He just can't act.); play can only be used with an object. It is more common to talk about a person playing rather than acting a role or part. People usually talk about acting a part when they are talking about sb pretending to be a particular type of person in everyday life. 表达此义时，act可以带宾语，如act a part/role，也可以不带，如He just can't act。play必须带宾语。表示扮演某个角色较常用play，而不用act。表示在日常生活中装成某类人时通常用act◆I found myself acting the part of the happy newly-married wife.我发现自己正假扮成一个幸福的新婚妻子。A play or film as a whole is acted, not played. 谈论戏剧或电影的整体表演，用act而不用play。◆The play/film was well played. see also act ⇨ pretend ■ ˌput sth ˈon phrasal verb (putting, put, put)to organize or produce a play or event for people to see 举办；上演；展出◆The local drama club is putting on 'Macbeth' at the Playhouse.当地的剧社正在剧场演出《麦克白》。■ present [transitive] (written) to organize or produce a play or event for people to see 举办；上演；展出◆Compass Theatre Company presents a new production of 'King Lear'.罗经剧团推出了全新制作的《李尔王》。◆We plan to present the film uncensored and without commercial breaks.我们计划推出这部影片的未经删剪版，且不插入任何广告。NOTE 辨析 Stage, put sth on or present?You can stage, put on or present a live performance, show, play, concert or exhibition. You can present a film or a programme that has been recorded, but you cannot stage or put on a film. Put on is used especially to talk about amateur (= not professional) performances. * stage、put on或present可以与现场演出如performance、show、play、concert搭配，或与exhibition搭配。present与film或录制好的节目搭配，但是stage或put on不能与film搭配。put on尤指业余演出。 pretend verb pretend ♦︎ act ♦︎ feign ♦︎ put sth on ♦︎ adopt ♦︎ fake ♦︎ bluff ♦︎ assumeThese words all mean to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true. 这些词均表示假装、伪装。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pretend / feign / assume interest / indifference◆to feign / fake illness / injury◆to put on / adopt / assume an accent◆to put on / adopt / assume an air of concern / indifference, etc.■ pretend [intransitive, transitive] to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true 假装；伪装◆I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.总是要装假，我厌倦了。◆Of course it was wrong; it would be hypocriticial to pretend otherwise.当然是错了，装作没错就是虚伪了。◆I pretended to be asleep.我假装睡着了。◆He pretended not to notice.他装作没看见。◆She pretended (that) she was his niece.她冒充他的外甥女。◆He pretended to his family that everything was fine.他对家人佯称一切都好。◆ (formal) Why hurt her by pretending an interest he did not feel?他对她并无兴趣，为什么要装作对她有好感来伤害她？ⓘ Pretend is followed by a noun only in formal contexts. * pretend仅在正式语境中后接名词。■ act [intransitive] (used with a noun or adjective complement 与名词补语或形容词补语连用) to pretend by your behaviour to be a particular type of person 假装（成某种人）◆He's been acting the devoted husband all day.他整天装出一副模范丈夫的样子。◆I decided to act dumb.我决定装哑。 see also act ⇨ play verb 3 ■ feign / /feɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written) to pretend that you have a particular emotion or that you are ill, injured, asleep or dead 假装，装作，佯装（有某种情感、生病、受伤、睡着或死）◆He survived the massacre by feigning death.他装死才在大屠杀中死里逃生。◆'A present for me?' she asked with feigned surprise.“给我的礼物？”她故作惊讶地问道。■ ˌput sth ˈon phrasal verb (putting, put, put) (rather informal) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking 装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆I don't think she was hurt. She was just putting it on.我认为她没受伤，她是装出来的。◆He put on an American accent.他假装操着一口美国腔。■ adopt [transitive] (formal) to use a particular manner, expression or way of speaking 采用（某种举止、表情或说话方式）◆She adopted an air of indifference.她摆出一副漠不关心的样子。◆He smiled and adopted a more casual tone of voice.他笑了，换了个较为随意的语气。■ fake [transitive, intransitive] (rather informal) to pretend that you are ill, injured or have a particular physical feeling 假装，佯装，装出（有病、受伤或身体有某种感觉）◆She's not really sick － she's just faking it.她并不是真的病了，是装出来的。◆He faked a yawn.他装着打了个哈欠。◆Do you think she's faking?你觉得她是在装假吗？ⓘ When fake is used without an object, it is usually in a negative statement or a question, and in the form faking. * fake不带宾语时，通常以faking的形式用于否定句或疑问句◆But what if he wasn't faking?可要是他不是在装，那怎么办？ ■ bluff [intransitive, transitive] to try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do, or that you know sth that you do not really know 虚张声势；吹牛；唬人◆I don't think he'll shoot－I think he's just bluffing.我认为他不会开枪－我想他不过是在吓唬人。◆She successfully bluffed her way through the interview (= by pretending to be sb she was not or know things that she did not know).她蒙混过关，通过了面试。 see also bluff ⇨ trick noun ■ assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmE əˈsuːm/ [transitive] (formal, sometimes disapproving) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking 装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆She assumed an air of concern.她装着很关心的样子。◆He had assumed a stage Southern accent.他佯装戏中的南方口音。NOTE 辨析 Put sth on, adopt or assume? Put sth on is rather informal; adopt and assume are formal. Assume is more disapproving than adopt and suggests that sb's behaviour is false. * put sth on是相当非正式的表达方式；adopt和assume很正式。assume的负面含义多于adopt，意为某人的行为是假装出来的、不真诚的。 action noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process 另见process条action ♦︎ measure ♦︎ step ♦︎ act ♦︎ move ♦︎ gesture ♦︎ deed ♦︎ stunt ♦︎ doingThese are all words for a thing that sb does. 这些词均表示行为、行动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an action / a measure / a step / an act / a move / a gesture / a deed / a stunt by sb◆a step / move / gesture towards sth◆a heroic / brave / daring action / step / act / move / gesture / deed◆a kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed◆a / an evil / terrible act / deed◆to take actions / measures / steps◆to do an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to perform an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to make a step / move / gesture■ action [countable, uncountable] a thing that sb does; the process of doing sth in order to make sth happen or to deal with a situation 所做之事；行动；行为过程◆Her quick action saved the child's life.她行动迅速，救了小孩的命。◆Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。◆Only the priest can perform these actions.只有神父才能够做这些事。◆We shall take whatever actions are necessary.我们将采取任何必要的措施。◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。◆What is the best course of action in the circumstances?在这种情况下，最佳的应对方法是什么？◆She began to explain her plan of action to the group.她开始向小组成员讲解她的行动计划。■ measure [countable] an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim （官方的）措施，方法◆Special measures are being taken to protect the local water supplies.正采取特别措施保护当地供水。◆Tougher measures against racism are needed.需要对种族主义采取更强硬的措施。◆This is just a temporary measure, while the emergency exists.这仅仅是在紧急情况下采取的临时措施。◆The government introduced emergency measures to stave off an economic crisis.政府推行了紧急措施来暂时纾缓经济危机。■ step [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve sth 步骤；措施◆This was a first step towards a united Europe.这是向统一欧洲的目标迈进的第一步。◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。◆This won't solve the problem but it's a step in the right direction.这虽不能解决问题，却是朝正确方向迈出的一步。◆The new drug is a major step forward in the treatment of the disease.研制出这种新药是治疗这一疾病的重大进展。■ act [countable] a thing that sb does 行为；行动◆an act of kindness / generosity / love / aggression / desperation善行；慷慨之举；爱的表示；挑衅；铤而走险◆You have committed a serious criminal act.你已经犯下严重罪行。◆The very act of writing out your plan clarifies what you need to do.将计划写下来，这样做能厘清你要做的事。◆He was caught in the act of stealing (= caught stealing).他偷窃时当场被抓。NOTE 辨析 Action or act?These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc. 这两个词意义相同，但用于不同的句型。act通常后接of，并常与形容词连用。action通常不与of连用，但常与his、her等词连用◆a heroic act of bravery英雄壮举◆a heroic action of bravery ◆his heroic actions / acts during the war他在战争中的英雄壮举 Action often combines with take but act does not. * action常与take搭配，act则不能◆We shall take whatever acts are necessary. ■ move [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth （为达目的而采取或需要采取的）行动◆This latest move by the government has aroused fierce opposition.政府最近采取的这一行动引起了强烈的反对。◆The management has made no move to settle the strike.资方还没有采取任何措施来解决罢工问题。◆If he wants to see me, he should make the first move.他要是想见我就得采取主动。◆Getting a job in marketing was a good career move.找份市场营销的工作是个不错的职业选择。■ gesture / /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ / [countable] a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention （表明感情或意图的）姿态，表示◆It was a nice gesture (= it was kind) to invite his wife too.把他妻子也请来是友好的表示。◆Words and empty gestures are not enough－we demand action!讲空话或摆姿态是不够的－我们需要的是行动！◆We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill / a goodwill gesture.我们不承担责任，但愿意退款，以表善意。■ deed [countable] (formal or literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad （善或恶的）行为，行动◆It's a stirring tale of heroic deeds.这是一则激动人心的英雄事迹。◆These were evil deeds perpetrated by wicked people.这些伤天害理的事都是坏人干的。◆ (rather informal, especially spoken) I took Sarah's children to school so I've done my good deed for the day.我送了萨拉的孩子去上学，所以今天已经做了善事。■ stunt [countable] a dangerous and difficult action that sb does to entertain people, especially as part of a film （尤指电影中的）特技表演◆He did all his own stunts in the movie.影片中所有的特技都是他自己完成的。◆a stunt pilot / rider / team特技飞行员／骑手／表演队◆a stuntman / stuntwoman男特技演员；女特技演员ⓘ Stunt is also used, sometimes in a disapproving way, for sth that is done in order to attract people's attention. * stunt有时含贬义，指意在引起注意的花招或噱头◆They jumped off London Bridge as a publicity stunt.他们跳伦敦桥作为宣传噱头。 ■ doing [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing done or caused by sb 所做的事；所作所为◆I've been hearing a lot about your doings recently.关于你的所作所为我最近听到很多。 performance noun performance ♦︎ show ♦︎ production ♦︎ display ♦︎ act ♦︎ spectacleThese are all words for an occasion on which a play, concert or some other form of entertainment is performed. 这些词均表示演出、表演。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a performance / a show / a production / a display / an act / a spectacle◆at a performance / show / production / display / spectacle◆during a performance / a show / a display / an act◆a great performance / show / display / spectacle◆a brilliant / superb performance / show / production / display◆a magnificent performance / display / spectacle◆a live performance / show / production / act◆a stage performance / show / production◆a public performance / display / spectacle◆a / an amateur / professional performance / show / production◆a musical performance / show / production / act◆to do a performance / a show / a production / an act◆to put on / stage a performance / show / production / display◆to perform a show / an act◆to see a performance / a show / a production / a display / an act◆to watch a performance / show / production / display■ performance [countable] an occasion on which a play, concert or some other form of entertainment is performed 演出；表演◆They gave a magnificent performance of Ravel's String Quartet.他们演出的拉威尔弦乐四重奏很精彩。◆Please refrain from talking during the performance.演出中请勿交谈。 see also perform ⇨ play verb 3 ■ show [countable] a theatre performance, especially one that includes singing and dancing 演出；歌舞表演◆This one-man show had the audience falling about with laughter.这场单人表演让观众笑得前仰后合。◆She's the star of the show!她是这场演出的明星！ see also show ⇨ concert ■ production [countable] a film, play or broadcast that is prepared for the public （电影、戏剧或广播节目的）上映，上演，播出◆She's currently performing in a new production of 'King Lear'.她目前正在出演一部新版《李尔王》。ⓘ Production is most often used to talk about plays and musicals. * production最常指戏剧和音乐剧。 see also produce ⇨ play verb 3 ■ display [countable] an act of performing a skill or of showing sth happening, in order to entertain people 展示；表演◆Most of the local people attended the firework display.当地人大都去看了烟花表演。◆We watched a breathtaking display of aerobatics.我们观看了一场惊险的特技飞行表演。■ act [countable] one of several short pieces of entertainment in a show 一段表演◆The show includes clowns and other circus acts.演出包括小丑和其他马戏表演。■ spectacle / /ˈspektəkl/ / [countable, uncountable] a performance or event that is very impressive and exciting to look at 精彩的表演；壮观的场面◆The carnival parade was a magnificent spectacle.狂欢节游行场面热闹壮观。 see also spectacular ⇨ impressive pretence (BrE) (NAmE pretense) noun pretence ♦︎ cover ♦︎ mask ♦︎ front ♦︎ façade ♦︎ actThese are all words for the act of behaving in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true. 这些词均表示假装、伪装。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a cover / mask / front for sth◆to put on a pretence / a mask / a front / an act◆to maintain a pretence / cover / front / façade◆to keep up a pretence / a front / an act◆to see through a pretence / an act■ pretence (BrE) (NAmE pretense) [uncountable, singular] the act of behaving in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true 假装；伪装；虚伪的表现◆By the end of the evening she had abandoned all pretence of being interested.到晚会结束时，她已将假装出来的兴趣抛得一干二净了。◆She was unable to keep up the pretence that she loved him.她无法继续假装爱他了。■ cover [countable, usually singular] activities or behaviour designed to hide sb's real identity or feelings, or to hide sth illegal （对身份、情绪或违法事情的）掩盖，掩饰◆His work as a banker was a cover for his activities as a spy.他以银行家的身份为间谍活动作掩护。◆It would only take one phone call to blow their cover (= make known their true identities and what they were really doing).只要拨打一个电话就可以揭穿他们的伪装。■ mask [countable, usually singular] (literary) a manner or expression that hides your true character or feelings （对真实性格或情绪的）伪装，掩饰◆Behind the mask of indifference she was grinning.她装出一副漠不关心的样子，其实在偷笑。◆The mask of politeness slipped for a moment.那彬彬有礼的伪装不小心露出了马脚，但只是片刻而已。■ front [singular] behaviour that is not genuine, designed to hide your true feelings or opinions （隐藏真实情绪或观点的）表面，外表◆It's not always easy putting on a brave front for the family.为家人装出坚强勇敢的样子有时并不容易。NOTE 辨析 Cover or front? Cover is often used to talk about behaviour or actions which hide illegal activities. Front is used about situations where sb tries to hide real feelings, because their real feelings might cause embarrassment, either to themselves or others. * cover常指掩饰违法活动的行为举止；front指对真实情绪的刻意掩盖，因为真实感情的流露会使自己或他人感到尴尬。■ façade [countable, usually singular] (rather formal, especially written) the way that sb/sth appears to be, which is different from the way sb/sth really is （虚假的）表面，外表◆She managed to maintain a façade of indifference.她尽量继续装作漠不关心的样子。◆Squalor and poverty lay behind the city's glittering façade.表面的繁华掩盖了这座城市的肮脏和贫穷。■ act [singular] a way of behaving that is not sincere but is intended to have a particular effect on others （为取得某种效果而做的）假装◆Don't take her seriously－it's all an act.别跟她认真，这全是假戏一场。 rule noun rule ♦︎ law ♦︎ regulation ♦︎ act ♦︎ statute ♦︎ commandmentThese are all words for an official statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation. 这些词均表示规则、规章、条例。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the rules / laws / regulations on sth◆a rule / law against sth◆under a rule / the regulations / an act / a statute◆within the rules / law / regulations / act / statute◆against the rules / law / regulations◆strict rules / laws / regulations◆to pass a law / a regulation / an act / a statute◆to obey a rule / a law / the regulations / a commandment◆to comply with a rule / a law / the regulations / a statute◆to break a rule / law / regulation / commandment◆to contravene / be in breach of a rule / a law / the regulations / an act / a statute◆to repeal a law / a regulation / an act / a statute◆to tighten up a rule / a law / the regulations◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act / a statute governs / prohibits / forbids sth◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act allows (for) sth◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act comes into force■ rule [countable] a statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation or when playing a game （具体情况或游戏的）规则，规章，条例◆Tackling a player without the ball is against the rules.阻截无持球队员是犯规的。◆He was punished for breaking school rules.他因违反校规被罚。◆You and your room-mates should establish some ground rules.你和室友应该制订一些基本守则。◆Without unwritten rules civilized life would be impossible.没有不成文的规章，就不会有文明生活。◆Couldn't they just bend the rules and let us in without a ticket?难道他们就不能通融一下，让我们没票也进去吗？ see also rule ⇨ principle 2 ■ law [countable] a rule that everyone in a country or society must obey which deals with a particular crime or area of activity （针对某罪行或活动领域的一条）法律，法规◆The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene.政府针对食品卫生出台了一些严格的新法规。◆There ought to be a law against it!应该立法加以禁止！◆The country has very strict gun laws.那个国家对枪支管理有非常严格的法律规定。 see also law ⇨ law noun , law ⇨ principle 2 ■ regulation [countable, usually plural] an official rule made by a government or some other authority 章程；规章制度；规则；法规◆It's against safety regulations to eat or drink in the laboratory.在实验室饮食违反安全章程。◆There are too many rules and regulations.规章制度过多。 see also regulation ⇨ government 2 ■ act ( often 常作 Act) [countable] a law that has been passed by a parliament （议会通过的）法案，法令◆an Act of Parliament / Congress议会／国会法案◆the Higher Education Act 19651965年颁布的高等教育法◆The Act was passed by a majority of 175 votes to 143.本法案以175票对143票多数表决通过。■ statute / /ˈstætʃuːt/ / [countable] a law that has been passed by a parliament, council, etc. and formally written down; a formal rule of an organization or institution 成文法；法令；章程；条例◆Penalties are laid down in the statute.法规中有关于惩罚措施的规定。◆Corporal punishment was banned by statute in 1987.1987年通过的法令明文禁止体罚。◆It is not yet on the statute book (= it has not yet become law).成文法中还没有这方面的规定。◆Under the statutes of the university they had no power to dismiss him.按大学的规章制度，他们无权开除他。■ commandment [countable] a law given by God, especially any of the Ten Commandments given to the Jews in the Bible 诫条（尤指《圣经》中上帝给犹太人的十诫之一）◆You shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God.你要谨守耶和华你们的神的诫命。 |