| 例句 |
action noun
⇨ action (take responsibility for your actions) ⇨ activity (films with plenty of action) ⇨ case (a libel action) ⇨ effect (the action of sunlight on the skin) ⇨ war (killed in action) ⇨ take action ⇨ act verb ⇨ in action ⇨ active adj. ⇨ put sb/sth out of action ⇨ disable verb action noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process 另见process条action ♦︎ measure ♦︎ step ♦︎ act ♦︎ move ♦︎ gesture ♦︎ deed ♦︎ stunt ♦︎ doingThese are all words for a thing that sb does. 这些词均表示行为、行动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an action / a measure / a step / an act / a move / a gesture / a deed / a stunt by sb◆a step / move / gesture towards sth◆a heroic / brave / daring action / step / act / move / gesture / deed◆a kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed◆a / an evil / terrible act / deed◆to take actions / measures / steps◆to do an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to perform an action / an act / a deed / a stunt◆to make a step / move / gesture■ action [countable, uncountable] a thing that sb does; the process of doing sth in order to make sth happen or to deal with a situation 所做之事；行动；行为过程◆Her quick action saved the child's life.她行动迅速，救了小孩的命。◆Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。◆Only the priest can perform these actions.只有神父才能够做这些事。◆We shall take whatever actions are necessary.我们将采取任何必要的措施。◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。◆What is the best course of action in the circumstances?在这种情况下，最佳的应对方法是什么？◆She began to explain her plan of action to the group.她开始向小组成员讲解她的行动计划。■ measure [countable] an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim （官方的）措施，方法◆Special measures are being taken to protect the local water supplies.正采取特别措施保护当地供水。◆Tougher measures against racism are needed.需要对种族主义采取更强硬的措施。◆This is just a temporary measure, while the emergency exists.这仅仅是在紧急情况下采取的临时措施。◆The government introduced emergency measures to stave off an economic crisis.政府推行了紧急措施来暂时纾缓经济危机。■ step [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve sth 步骤；措施◆This was a first step towards a united Europe.这是向统一欧洲的目标迈进的第一步。◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。◆This won't solve the problem but it's a step in the right direction.这虽不能解决问题，却是朝正确方向迈出的一步。◆The new drug is a major step forward in the treatment of the disease.研制出这种新药是治疗这一疾病的重大进展。■ act [countable] a thing that sb does 行为；行动◆an act of kindness / generosity / love / aggression / desperation善行；慷慨之举；爱的表示；挑衅；铤而走险◆You have committed a serious criminal act.你已经犯下严重罪行。◆The very act of writing out your plan clarifies what you need to do.将计划写下来，这样做能厘清你要做的事。◆He was caught in the act of stealing (= caught stealing).他偷窃时当场被抓。NOTE 辨析 Action or act?These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc. 这两个词意义相同，但用于不同的句型。act通常后接of，并常与形容词连用。action通常不与of连用，但常与his、her等词连用◆a heroic act of bravery英雄壮举◆a heroic action of bravery ◆his heroic actions / acts during the war他在战争中的英雄壮举 Action often combines with take but act does not. * action常与take搭配，act则不能◆We shall take whatever acts are necessary. ■ move [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth （为达目的而采取或需要采取的）行动◆This latest move by the government has aroused fierce opposition.政府最近采取的这一行动引起了强烈的反对。◆The management has made no move to settle the strike.资方还没有采取任何措施来解决罢工问题。◆If he wants to see me, he should make the first move.他要是想见我就得采取主动。◆Getting a job in marketing was a good career move.找份市场营销的工作是个不错的职业选择。■ gesture / /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ / [countable] a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention （表明感情或意图的）姿态，表示◆It was a nice gesture (= it was kind) to invite his wife too.把他妻子也请来是友好的表示。◆Words and empty gestures are not enough－we demand action!讲空话或摆姿态是不够的－我们需要的是行动！◆We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill / a goodwill gesture.我们不承担责任，但愿意退款，以表善意。■ deed [countable] (formal or literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad （善或恶的）行为，行动◆It's a stirring tale of heroic deeds.这是一则激动人心的英雄事迹。◆These were evil deeds perpetrated by wicked people.这些伤天害理的事都是坏人干的。◆ (rather informal, especially spoken) I took Sarah's children to school so I've done my good deed for the day.我送了萨拉的孩子去上学，所以今天已经做了善事。■ stunt [countable] a dangerous and difficult action that sb does to entertain people, especially as part of a film （尤指电影中的）特技表演◆He did all his own stunts in the movie.影片中所有的特技都是他自己完成的。◆a stunt pilot / rider / team特技飞行员／骑手／表演队◆a stuntman / stuntwoman男特技演员；女特技演员ⓘ Stunt is also used, sometimes in a disapproving way, for sth that is done in order to attract people's attention. * stunt有时含贬义，指意在引起注意的花招或噱头◆They jumped off London Bridge as a publicity stunt.他们跳伦敦桥作为宣传噱头。 ■ doing [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing done or caused by sb 所做的事；所作所为◆I've been hearing a lot about your doings recently.关于你的所作所为我最近听到很多。 activity noun activity ♦︎ action ♦︎ rush ♦︎ bustleThese are all words for a situation in which a lot of things are being done. 这些词均表示热闹、活跃。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) great activity / action / rush / bustle◆(a) frantic activity / action / rush◆increased / intense activity / action◆to be involved in / stop the activity / action■ activity [uncountable] a situation in which sth is happening or a lot of things are being done 活动；活跃；热闹◆The streets were noisy and full of activity.街上熙熙攘攘，车水马龙。◆Economic activity has taken a downturn this year.今年的经济活动有所减退。◆Muscles contract and relax during physical activity.身体活动时，肌肉收缩放松。OPP inactivity ⓘ The opposite is inactivity. * activity的反义词是inactivity◆periods of enforced inactivity and boredom被迫无事可做、单调乏味的时期 ■ action [uncountable] (rather informal) exciting events 激动人心的事◆I like films with plenty of action.我喜欢惊险刺激的电影。◆New York is where the action is.纽约是个热闹活跃的地方。■ rush [singular] a situation in which people are very busy and there is a lot of activity 忙碌；繁忙◆Book now and avoid the last-minute rush.现在就预订吧，免得最后一刻忙乱。◆The evening rush was just starting.繁忙的夜晚才刚开始。ⓘ Rush is usually used after an adjective for a particular time when there is a lot of activity. * rush通常用于形容词后，表示一段繁忙的时间。■ bustle / /ˈbʌsl/ / [uncountable] busy and noisy activity of a lot of people in one place 忙乱嘈杂；人多喧闹◆Do you enjoy the hustle and bustle of city life?你喜欢都市生活的喧闹繁忙吗？ see also bustling ⇨ crowded case noun case ♦︎ trial ♦︎ hearing ♦︎ appeal ♦︎ action ♦︎ suit ♦︎ lawsuit ♦︎ proceeding ♦︎ prosecution ♦︎ litigation ♦︎ court martialThese are all words for a formal legal dispute between people that is decided in court. 这些词均表示官司、诉讼、审判。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) legal case / hearing / appeal / action / proceedings◆(a) criminal case / hearing / appeal / action / proceedings / prosecution / litigation◆(a) civil case / hearing / appeal / action / suit / lawsuit / proceedings / litigation◆a murder / rape / fraud case / trial◆(a) libel case / trial / hearing / action / suit / proceedings◆to bring a case / an action / a suit / a lawsuit / proceedings / a prosecution (against sb / sth)◆to take action / proceedings (against sb / sth)◆to file an appeal / a suit / a lawsuit◆to face trial / a hearing / an action / a suit / a lawsuit / proceedings / prosecution / litigation / court martial◆to hear a case / an appeal◆to win / lose a case / an appeal / an action / a suit / a lawsuit■ case [countable] a question to be decided in court; the facts and evidence that are used to accuse or defend sb/sth in court 诉讼；待裁决的案件；（在法庭上用来控告或辩护的）论据，理由◆The case will be heard next week.此案下周审理。◆The new evidence weakened the case for the defence.新的证据削弱了被告的论据。◆Our lawyer didn't think we had a case (= had good enough arguments to win in court).我们的律师认为我们论据不足，赢不了官司。■ trial [uncountable, countable] a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not （法院的）审讯，审理，审判◆He's on trial for murder.他因涉嫌谋杀罪受审。◆She will stand trial for fraud.她因涉嫌诈骗将受审。◆The men were arrested but not brought to trial.这些人已被捕，但未移交法院审判。◆The case never came to trial.此案从未开庭审理。◆He did not receive a fair trial.他没有受到公正的审判。■ hearing [countable] an official meeting at which the facts about a crime, complaint, etc. are presented to the person or group of people who will have to decide what action to take 审讯；听审；听证会◆a court / disciplinary hearing庭审；纪律聆讯◆At a preliminary hearing the judge announced that the trial would begin on March 21.在预审时，法官宣布将在3月21日进行审理。◆She was granted a divorce in a five-minute hearing.经过五分钟的审理，法庭准许她离婚。■ appeal [countable, uncountable] a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or decision to be changed 上诉；申诉◆ (BrE) to lodge an appeal提出上诉◆ (NAmE) to file an appeal提出上诉◆ (BrE) an appeal court / judge上诉法庭／法官◆ (NAmE) an appeals court / judge上诉法庭／法官◆He lost his appeal against the 3-match ban.他对禁赛3场的处罚提出申诉，但遭驳回。■ action [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a legal process to settle a dispute or deal with a complaint 诉讼；起诉◆A libel action is being brought against the magazine that published the article.刊发该文章的杂志将受到诽谤诉讼。◆He is considering taking legal action against the hospital.他正考虑起诉这家医院。■ suit [countable] (rather formal) a claim or complaint against sb that a person or organization can make in court 起诉；控告◆His former business associate filed a suit against him claiming £5 million damages.他以前的生意伙伴对他提起诉讼，索要500万英镑的损害赔偿金。◆Their arguments grew worse and worse and ended with a divorce suit.他们吵得越来越凶，最终提出了离婚诉讼。■ lawsuit / /ˈlɔːsuːt, ˈlɔːsjuːt/ / [countable] (rather formal) a suit 诉讼；起诉◆The opening of the factory was delayed because of a lawsuit brought by an environmental group.因为一个环保团体提起诉讼，工厂推迟开业了。■ proceeding / /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/ / [countable, usually plural] (rather formal) the process of using a court to settle a dispute or to deal with a complaint 诉讼；诉讼程序◆The company has started legal proceedings against its competitor.那家公司对竞争对手提起了法律诉讼。■ prosecution / /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃn; NAmE ˌprɑːsɪˈkjuːʃn/ [uncountable, countable] the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime; the process of being officially charged with a crime in court （被）起诉，检举；诉讼◆Prosecution for a first minor offence rarely leads to imprisonment.对轻罪初犯者的起诉很少判处监禁。◆He threatened to bring a private prosecution against the doctor.他威胁要对医生提起民事诉讼。 see also prosecute ⇨ accuse ■ litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈgeɪʃn/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) the process of making or defending a claim in court 诉讼；打官司◆The company has been in litigation with its auditors for a full year.那家公司和它的审计员已经打官司整整一年。■ ˌcourt ˈmartial /ˈmɑːʃl; NAmE ˈmɑːrʃl/ (plural courts martial) [countable, uncountable] a military court that deals with members of the armed forces who break military law; a trial at such a court 军事法庭；军事法庭的审判；军法审判◆He was convicted at a court martial.他在军事法庭上被判有罪。◆All the soldiers now face court martial.现在，所有这些士兵都面临军事法庭的审判。 effect noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ result 另见result条effect ♦︎ impact ♦︎ influence ♦︎ power ♦︎ force ♦︎ impression ♦︎ actionThese are all words for the changes in sb/sth that are caused by sb/sth else. 这些词均表示效应、影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an effect / impact / influence / impression on / upon sb / sth◆under the effect / impact / influence of sth / sb◆(a) considerable / tremendous / great effect / impact / influence / power / force / impression◆a profound / significant / strong / big / positive / lasting effect / impact / influence / impression◆a / an cultural / economic / political / social effect / impact / influence◆to have an effect / impact / influence◆to make an impact / impression◆to feel the effect / impact of sth■ effect [countable, uncountable] a change in sb/sth that is caused by sb/sth else 效应；影响◆Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.尽管她备受折磨，但好像并未受到不良影响。◆Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.她的批评使他完全丧失了信心。◆It's not always easy to distinguish between cause and effect.分清因果并非总是那么简单。◆The management changes had little or no effect on output.管理层的变化对产量影响不大。 see also affect ⇨ affect verb ■ impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth 巨大影响；强大作用◆Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.她的讲话对每个人都有深远影响。◆The programme examined the environmental impact of power generation.该项目考察了发电对环境的影响。◆We are trying to minimize the impact of price rises on customers.我们力求将涨价带给顾客的影响减到最低。 see also impact ⇨ affect verb ■ influence [uncountable, countable] the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves, or on the way that sth works or develops （对思想、行为或事物发展变化的）影响，作用◆Children around the age of eight are especially vulnerable to the influence of television.八岁左右的儿童尤其容易受到电视的影响。◆The artists exerted a strong influence on a younger generation.这些艺术家对年轻一代产生了重大影响。◆They said she was a bad influence on the other children.他们称她对其他孩子产生坏影响。 see also influence ⇨ affect verb ■ power [uncountable] the influence of a particular thing or group within society （社会内部的）影响力，势力◆He talked about the enormous power of the mass media.他谈到了大众媒体的强大影响力。◆The government promised greater opportunities for parent power.政府允诺给予父母更多的施展影响力的机会。■ force [uncountable] the strong effect of sb's arguments or personality （论点或人格的）强大效力◆She spoke with force and deliberation.她讲话铿锵有力，字斟句酌。◆He felt the full force of her criticism.他感受到了她的批评所产生的强大威力。◆He controlled himself by sheer force of will.他全凭意志力控制住了自己。■ impression [countable, usually singular] the effect that an experience or person has on sb/sth, especially on the way that sb thinks or behaves in the future （尤指某种经历或某个人对思想或行为产生的）影响，效果◆The stillness and silence leave a deep impression on visitors.那一刻的静止无声给来访者留下了深刻的印象。◆You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression (= to make people admire and remember you).你如果真想留下好印象，就得表演得更好。◆My words made no impression on her.我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。 see also impress ⇨ impress , impressive ⇨ impressive ■ action [uncountable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) the effect that one substance or chemical has on another （一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的）作用◆Vitamin D can be made in the body by the action of sunlight on the skin.维生素D可以通过阳光对皮肤的作用在人体内产生。 see also act ⇨ affect verb war noun war ♦︎ battle ♦︎ action ♦︎ conflict ♦︎ fighting ♦︎ combat ♦︎ warfare ♦︎ campaign ♦︎ hostilities ♦︎ skirmishThese are all words for a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other. 这些词均表示战争、战斗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign / hostilities / a skirmish with / against / between sb / sth◆in war / battle / action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / hostilities◆in a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆(a) civil / nuclear war / conflict / warfare◆(a) fierce / bloody action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare◆(a) decisive war / battle / action / conflict / campaign◆(a) military battle / action / conflict / combat / campaign◆to win / lose a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆to fight a war / battle / campaign◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / a skirmish takes place◆war / conflict / fighting / hostilities breaks out / break out◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities begins / begin◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities ends / end◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign continues◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign goes on◆the outbreak of war / conflict / fighting / combat / hostilities■ war [uncountable, countable] a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a period of time 战争；战争状态◆The two countries were at war for eight years.两国之间的战争打了八年。◆The USA declared war on Germany in 1917.美国于1917年向德国宣战。◆The terrorists were charged with waging war against the state.恐怖分子被指控向那个国家发动战争。◆My grandfather fought in two world wars.我的祖父参加了两次世界大战。◆The country went to war in 1914.该国1914年卷入战争。OPP peace ⇨ peace ■ battle [countable, uncountable] a time when two or more armies meet and fight, especially during a war; a violent fight between two groups of people 战役；战斗；搏斗◆Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中战败。◆His father had been killed in battle.他的父亲已经阵亡。◆Many young men were sent into battle without proper training.许多年轻人没有受到应有的训练就被送上了战场。◆Scores of people have been hurt in running battles with police.很多人在与警察的持久战中受了伤。■ action [uncountable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) fighting in a battle or war 战斗；作战◆He was killed during enemy action.他在一次敌军行动中阵亡。◆He was reported missing in action.据报告他在战斗中失踪。◆I never saw action during the war.战争时期，我从未参加过战斗。■ conflict [countable, uncountable] a violent situation or period of fighting between two countries （两国之间的）军事冲突，战斗◆Peace talks have failed to end the 6-year-old conflict.和平谈判未能终止六年的军事冲突。◆Conflict between the two groups has left more than 8 000 dead.两派间的冲突已导致超过8 000人死亡。■ fighting [uncountable] the violent activity that takes place when two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other 军事冲突；战斗◆Heavy fighting broke out in the east of the country.该国东部爆发了激烈的军事冲突。◆There were outbreaks of street fighting in three districts of the city last night.昨夜这个城市有三个区发生了巷战。 see also fight ⇨ fight verb 1 ■ combat /ˈkɒmbæt; NAmE ˈkɑːmbæt/ [uncountable] fighting, especially during a time of war 搏斗；打仗；战斗◆The soldiers are in combat with rebel forces.士兵与叛乱武装对抗。◆The troops were locked in hand-to-hand combat.部队陷入了肉搏战。■ warfare /ˈwɔːfeə(r); NAmE ˈwɔːrfer/ [uncountable] the activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods （尤指用某种武器或方式的）战，作战，战争◆He denied his country has developed the capability for chemical warfare.他否认他的国家已经有能力打化学战。◆The fighting quickly turned into full-scale guerrilla warfare.这场战斗很快演变成一场全面的游击战争。■ campaign [countable] a series of attacks or battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war 战役◆The Russian campaign ended with the German defeat at Stalingrad.俄罗斯战役以德国在斯大林格勒战败宣告结束。◆The terrorists responded with a bombing campaign directed at business and commerce.恐怖分子的反应是针对企业和商业发动爆炸袭击。■ hostilities /hɒˈstɪlətiz; NAmE hɑːˈstɪlətiz/ [plural] (rather formal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) acts of fighting in a war 战争行为◆Hostilities between the two countries ended in a ceasefire.两国最终达成停火协议，结束了敌对行动。ⓘ Hostilities is used especially to talk about when fighting begins, ends, stops for a short time or starts again. Collocating verbs include begin, break out, cease, end, suspend and resume. Phrases include the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities. 表示战争的开始、结束、暂时中断或重新爆发时尤用hostilities，与之搭配的动词有begin、break out、cease、end、suspend和resume，构成的短语有the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities（战争的爆发／停止／暂停／再次爆发）。■ skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ; NAmE ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/ [countable] a short fight between small groups of soldiers, etc., especially one that is not planned （尤指突发的）小规模战斗，小冲突◆Minor skirmishes broke out all along the border.边界多处爆发了小规模战斗。 see also skirmish ⇨ fight verb 1 act verb act ♦︎ do something ♦︎ take action ♦︎ take steps ♦︎ move ♦︎ make a, your, etc. moveThese words all mean to deal with a situation in a particular way. 这些词均表示行动、采取措施。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to act / take action / take steps / move / make your move against sb / sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move to do sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move / make your move immediately◆to act / do something / take action / move quickly■ act [intransitive] to do sth for a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.至关重要的是，我们应该采取行动制止破坏雨林。◆The girl's life was saved because the doctors acted so promptly.多亏医生行动迅速，女孩的生命得救了。◆He claims he acted in self-defence.他声称自己是出于自卫。ⓘ Act in this meaning is often followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency. * act表达此义时，常后接表示迅速或紧急之意的副词◆They acted at once / immediately / promptly / quickly / swiftly.他们立即采取了行动。 Act is also often used when people are talking about whether sb should be blamed for doing sth that has had a negative effect. * act也常用于谈及某人的行为造成负面结果而是否应该受到指责◆He acted in self-defence / in good faith.他是出于自卫／好意。 ■ ˈdo something phrase (does, did, done) (rather informal, especially spoken) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆The company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应对差劲的服务采取点儿措施。◆Don't just stand there－do something.别光站在那儿，做点儿什么吧。■ ˌtake ˈaction phrase (took, taken) (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。■ ˌtake ˈsteps phrase (took, taken) (especially written) to do a series of things in order to achieve sth 采取（一系列）措施◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。ⓘ Unlike other verbs in this group, take steps does not necessarily suggest that sth is very urgent. 有别于这组词中的其他动词，take steps不一定意味着事情很紧急。■ move [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation 行动；做事◆The police moved quickly to dispel the rumours.警察迅速采取行动来消除谣言。ⓘ Move is usually followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency such as swiftly or quickly. * move通常后接表示迅速或紧急的副词，如swiftly或quickly。■ make a, your, etc. ˈmove idiom (made, made) (especially written) to do the action that you intend to do or need to do in order to achieve sth 采取行动；开始行动◆The rebels waited until nightfall before they made their move.叛乱者等到夜幕降临才开始行动。 active adjective active ♦︎ in operation ♦︎ in force ♦︎ in action ♦︎ up and running ♦︎ operationalThese words all describe sb/sth being able to do, or doing, the activity or work that is typical for them. 这些词均表示发挥功效或起作用。■ active doing sth regularly; functioning; having or causing a chemical effect 定期进行的；起作用的；起化学作用的◆These animals are active only at night.这些动物只在夜间活动。◆Numbers of sexually active teenagers have continued to rise.有性行为的青少年人数持续增加。◆The virus is still active in the blood.病毒仍然在血液中起作用。◆What is the active ingredient in aspirin?阿司匹林中的有效成分是什么？ OPP inactive ⓘ Inactive describes sb/sth that is not doing anything, is not in use or not working or has no effect. * inactive指不活动的、不使用的、不起作用的◆Some animals are inactive during the daytime.有些动物白天不活动。◆an inactive drug / disease失效的药物；非活动性疾病 ■ in opeˈration idiom (rather formal) (of a system) working, being used or having an effect （系统）工作中，使用中，有效◆The system needs to be in operation for six months before it can be assessed.此系统须运行六个月后才能对它进行评估。◆Temporary traffic controls are in operation on New Road.“新路”正实施临时交通管制。ⓘ When a system comes into operation it starts working or having an effect. * come into operation表示开始运行或开始生效◆The new rules come into operation from next week.新规定下周开始生效。When you put sth into operation you start using it or make it start working. * put sth into operation表示开始使用或启动◆It's time to put our plan into operation.该是执行我们计划的时候了。 see also operate ⇨ organize , operate ⇨ work verb 3 ■ in ˈforce idiom (of a law or rule) being used （法律或规定）有效力，实施中◆The new regulations are now in force.新规定现已生效。ⓘ When a law or rule comes/enters into force it starts being used. * come/enter into force表示法律或规定开始实施◆When do the new regulations come into force?新规定何时开始执行？When you bring sth into force you make a law or rule start being used. * bring sth into force表示使法律或规定开始生效◆They are hoping to bring the new legislation into force by the end of the year.他们希望在年底前实施新法。 ■ in ˈaction idiom (of a person or thing) doing the activity or work that is typical for them （人或物）在活动中，运转中◆I've yet to see all the players in action.我还得看所有参赛者实地比赛。■ ˌup and ˈrunning idiom (of a system, for example a computer system) working; being used （系统，如计算机系统）在运转，在使用中◆By that time the new system should be up and running.到那时，新系统应该已经运转起来了。ⓘ Up and running is usually used to talk about sth starting to work or be used after a period of development. * up and running通常指经过一段时间的研发后开始运转或使用。 see also run ⇨ work verb 3 ■ operational [not usually before noun] (rather formal) ready to be used; in use 可使用；在使用中◆The new airport should be fully operational by the end of the year.新机场应该会在年底前全面投入运营。ⓘ Operational is very often used in the phrase fully operational. * operational经常用于短语fully operational中。 see also operate ⇨ work verb 3 disable verb disable ♦︎ paralyse ♦︎ cripple ♦︎ incapacitate ♦︎ immobilize ♦︎ put sb/sth out of actionThese words all mean to injure or damage sb/sth so that they cannot move or work. 这些词均表示使人伤残或使事物不能运转。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆He was disabled / paralysed / crippled in a car accident.◆people who are disabled / crippled / incapacitated by illness◆a disabling / crippling accident / condition / disease / illness / injury◆The country has been paralysed / crippled / immobilized by a general strike.■ disable / /dɪsˈeɪbl/ / [transitive] to damage sb's body so that, for example, they cannot walk or cannot use a part of their body; to prevent sth from working correctly 使伤残；使不能运转◆The gunfire could kill or disable the pilot.炮火会使飞行员丧命或伤残。◆The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm.窃贼破坏报警器后得以进入大楼。■ paralyse (BrE) (NAmE paralyze) / /ˈpærəlaɪz/ / [transitive, often passive] to make sb unable to feel or move all or part of their body; to prevent sth from functioning normally 使瘫痪；使麻痹；使不能正常运转◆The accident left him paralysed from the waist down.那次事故使他腰部以下瘫痪了。◆The airport is still paralysed by the strike.机场仍因罢工而陷于瘫痪。◆ (figurative) She stood there, paralysed with fear.她站在那里，吓得呆若木鸡。▸ paralysis / /pəˈræləsɪs/ / noun [uncountable] ◆paralysis of both legs双腿瘫痪◆The strike caused total paralysis in the city.罢工使这座城市完全瘫痪。■ cripple [transitive, usually passive] to damage sb's body so that they are no longer able to walk or move normally; to seriously damage or harm sb/sth so that it/they cannot work or live normally 使残废；使跛；严重毁坏（或损伤）◆He was crippled by polio as a child.他幼年患过小儿麻痹症，结果腿就瘸了。◆to be crippled with arthritis因患关节炎而腿瘸◆Sugar producers have been crippled by plummeting prices.因食糖价格暴跌，食糖生产商损失惨重。◆The pilot tried to land his crippled plane.飞行员试图驾驶严重受损的飞机着陆。▸ crippling adjective ◆a crippling disease严重损害健康的疾病◆crippling debts导致经济瘫痪的债务■ incapacitate / /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/ / [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to make sb unable to live or work normally 使失去正常生活（或工作）能力◆He was incapacitated by old age and sickness.年老多病使他失去了正常生活能力。◆mentally incapacitated people精神失常的人■ immobilize (BrE also immobilise) /ɪˈməʊbəlaɪz; NAmE ɪˈmoʊbəlaɪz/ [transitive] to prevent sth from moving or working normally 使不能动；使不能正常运转◆a device to immobilize the car engine in case of theft汽车被盗时使引擎发动不起来的装置◆The firm has been immobilized by a series of strikes.一连串的罢工使得这家公司无法正常运营。◆Always immobilize a broken leg immediately.腿断了应立即打夹板固定。■ ˌput sb/sth out of ˈaction idiom (putting, put, put)to make sb/sth unable to work or be used because of injury or damage 使不能工作；使不能使用◆Jon has been put out of action for weeks by a broken leg.乔恩断了一条腿，已经有几个星期不能工作。▸ out of ˈaction idiom ◆The photocopier is out of action today.复印机今天出故障了。 |