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active adj.
⇨ active (the active ingredient in aspirin) ⇨ busy 1 (active in politics) ⇨ energetic (physically active) active adjective active ♦︎ in operation ♦︎ in force ♦︎ in action ♦︎ up and running ♦︎ operationalThese words all describe sb/sth being able to do, or doing, the activity or work that is typical for them. 这些词均表示发挥功效或起作用。■ active doing sth regularly; functioning; having or causing a chemical effect 定期进行的；起作用的；起化学作用的◆These animals are active only at night.这些动物只在夜间活动。◆Numbers of sexually active teenagers have continued to rise.有性行为的青少年人数持续增加。◆The virus is still active in the blood.病毒仍然在血液中起作用。◆What is the active ingredient in aspirin?阿司匹林中的有效成分是什么？ OPP inactive ⓘ Inactive describes sb/sth that is not doing anything, is not in use or not working or has no effect. * inactive指不活动的、不使用的、不起作用的◆Some animals are inactive during the daytime.有些动物白天不活动。◆an inactive drug / disease失效的药物；非活动性疾病 ■ in opeˈration idiom (rather formal) (of a system) working, being used or having an effect （系统）工作中，使用中，有效◆The system needs to be in operation for six months before it can be assessed.此系统须运行六个月后才能对它进行评估。◆Temporary traffic controls are in operation on New Road.“新路”正实施临时交通管制。ⓘ When a system comes into operation it starts working or having an effect. * come into operation表示开始运行或开始生效◆The new rules come into operation from next week.新规定下周开始生效。When you put sth into operation you start using it or make it start working. * put sth into operation表示开始使用或启动◆It's time to put our plan into operation.该是执行我们计划的时候了。 see also operate ⇨ organize , operate ⇨ work verb 3 ■ in ˈforce idiom (of a law or rule) being used （法律或规定）有效力，实施中◆The new regulations are now in force.新规定现已生效。ⓘ When a law or rule comes/enters into force it starts being used. * come/enter into force表示法律或规定开始实施◆When do the new regulations come into force?新规定何时开始执行？When you bring sth into force you make a law or rule start being used. * bring sth into force表示使法律或规定开始生效◆They are hoping to bring the new legislation into force by the end of the year.他们希望在年底前实施新法。 ■ in ˈaction idiom (of a person or thing) doing the activity or work that is typical for them （人或物）在活动中，运转中◆I've yet to see all the players in action.我还得看所有参赛者实地比赛。■ ˌup and ˈrunning idiom (of a system, for example a computer system) working; being used （系统，如计算机系统）在运转，在使用中◆By that time the new system should be up and running.到那时，新系统应该已经运转起来了。ⓘ Up and running is usually used to talk about sth starting to work or be used after a period of development. * up and running通常指经过一段时间的研发后开始运转或使用。 see also run ⇨ work verb 3 ■ operational [not usually before noun] (rather formal) ready to be used; in use 可使用；在使用中◆The new airport should be fully operational by the end of the year.新机场应该会在年底前全面投入运营。ⓘ Operational is very often used in the phrase fully operational. * operational经常用于短语fully operational中。 see also operate ⇨ work verb 3 busy1 adjective a busy woman 忙碌的女人a busy weekend 繁忙的周末crowdeda busy airportbusy ♦︎ active ♦︎ engaged ♦︎ involved ♦︎ occupied ♦︎ hard-pressed ♦︎ at workThese words all describe people doing a lot or having a lot to do. 这些词均表示忙碌的、工作中的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆busy / involved / occupied with sth◆active / engaged / involved / occupied in sth◆engaged / at work on sth◆to keep sb busy / active / involved / occupied◆very / particularly / quite busy / active / involved◆currently busy / active / engaged / involved / occupied / at work◆constantly busy / engaged / involved / occupied / at work◆actively engaged / involved in sth■ busy having a lot to do; not free to do sth else because you are working on sth; spending a lot of time on sth 忙碌的；无暇的；忙于（做某事）◆Are you busy tonight?你今晚忙吗？◆I'm afraid the doctor is busy at the moment. Can he call you back?抱歉，医生现在没空。让他给你回电话行吗？◆The principal is a very busy woman.校长她可是个大忙人。◆She was always too busy to listen.她总是很忙，无暇听我说话。◆James is busy practising for the school concert.詹姆斯正忙着为学校音乐会排练。▸ busily adverb ◆He was busily engaged in repairing his bike.他正忙着修他的自行车。■ active (rather formal) giving a lot of time or attention to sth; making a determined effort and not leaving sth to happen by itself 忙于；积极的◆They were both politically active.他们两人在政治上都很积极。◆She takes an active part in school life.她积极参加学校活动。◆The parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget.学生家长积极参加反对削减教育预算的活动。◆They took active steps to prevent the spread of the disease.他们采取积极措施，防止疾病蔓延。 OPP inactive , passive ⓘ The opposite of active in this meaning is inactive or passive. 表达此义时，active的反义词是inactive或passive◆The area has a large, but politically inactive population.该地区人口虽多，但对政治并不热衷。◆He played a passive role in the relationship.他在那段关系中处于被动地位。 see also passive ⇨ passive , active ⇨ energetic ▸ actively adverb ◆She was actively looking for a job.她在积极找工作。■ engaged [not before noun] (formal) giving a lot of time or attention to sb/sth; not free to do sth 忙于；没有空◆They were engaged in conversation.他们正谈得起劲。◆He is now engaged on his second novel.他正埋头写他的第二部小说。◆I can't come to dinner on Tuesday－I'm otherwise engaged (= I have already arranged to do sth else).我星期二另有安排，不能来参加宴会。 see also engagement ⇨ meeting 2 ■ involved [not usually before noun] giving a lot of time or attention to sb/sth 忙于；专注于◆She was deeply involved with the local hospital.她曾全心投入当地医院的工作。◆I was so involved in my book I didn't hear you knock.我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。◆He's a very involved father (= he spends a lot of time with his children).他是个很投入的父亲。 see also involvement ⇨ involvement ■ occupied [not before noun] (rather formal) giving a lot of time or attention to sb/sth 忙于；专注于◆He's fully occupied looking after three small children.照顾三个小孩让他忙得不可开交。◆Only half her time is occupied with politics.她只用一半的时间从事政治活动。◆The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied.最重要的是别让自己闲着。NOTE 辨析 Involved or occupied? Involved usually suggests that sb has a personal or emotional connection with the person or thing mentioned; occupied simply suggests that sb has a lot to do. * involved通常意味着与所关注的人或所忙之事有个人或情感上的联系，occupied仅表示很忙。■ ˌhard-ˈpressed having a lot of problems, especially too much work, and too little time or money 处于强大压力下的（尤指工作重、时间紧迫、资金少）◆Hard-pressed junior doctors want shorter working hours.实习医生压力太大，希望缩短工作时间。■ at ˈwork [not before noun] busy doing sth 忙着（做某事）◆He is still at work on the painting.他仍在忙着画那幅画。◆Danger－men at work.危险－有人施工。 energetic adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ lively 另见lively条energetic ♦︎ vigorous ♦︎ active ♦︎ dynamic ♦︎ mobileThese words all describe people or activities that have or show a lot of energy. 这些词均表示精力充沛的、充满活力的或活动量大的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an energetic / an active / a dynamic person / man / woman◆an energetic / active member of sth◆a vigorous / an active supporter / opponent of sb / sth◆an energetic / a vigorous / an active / a dynamic campaign◆a vigorous / an active interest in sth◆energetic / vigorous exercise剧烈运动■ energetic / /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk; NAmE ˌenərˈdʒetɪk/ (of a person or activity) having or needing a lot of energy （人）精力充沛的，充满活力的；（活动）需要能量的◆He knew I was energetic and would get things done.他知道我精力充沛，会把事情办成的。◆The heart responds well to energetic exercise.心脏对激烈运动反应良好。◆For the more energetic (= people who prefer physical activities) we offer windsurfing and diving.我们为喜欢剧烈运动的人准备了帆板和潜水运动。▸ energetically adverb ◆He strode out energetically towards the gate.他精神抖擞地大步走向门口。■ vigorous /ˈvɪgərəs/ / (of a person or activity) showing great energy and determination （人）精力充沛的，果断的；（活动）剧烈的，坚决的◆They conducted a vigorous campaign against tax fraud.他们发起了坚决打击骗税的运动。◆ (BrE) Take vigorous exercise for several hours a week.每周做几个小时的剧烈运动。OPP gentle ⇨ gentle ▸ vigorously adverb ◆She shook her head vigorously.她拼命地摇头。◆The accusation was vigorously denied.这一指控被断然否认。NOTE 辨析 Energetic or vigorous?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆energetic / vigorous exercise剧烈运动 Energetic tends to refer more to physical energy and activities; vigorous often refers to business or political activities. A vigorous man/woman is really a strong and healthy person. In this meaning vigorous more often describes people engaged in business or political activity. * energetic往往更多修饰体能和活动，vigorous常修饰商业或政治活动。vigorous man/woman指体魄强健的人。表达此义时，vigorous较常修饰从事商业或政治活动的人◆a vigorous opponent / supporter / campaigner劲敌；强有力的支持者；坚定的活动家 ■ active always busy doing things, especially physical activities （尤指体力上）忙碌的，活跃的◆Although he's nearly 80, he is still very active.尽管快80岁了，他还是十分活跃。◆Before our modern age, people had a more physical and active lifestyle.进入现代社会以前，人们的生活方式是活动量大、忙忙碌碌。ⓘ Active is used especially to describe older people who are always busy. It is also commonly used with life and lifestyle. It can also describe people who give a lot of their time and attention to sth. * active尤用于描述闲不住的老年人，常与life和lifestyle连用，还可以指人在某方面投入很多时间和精力。 see also active ⇨ busy 1 ■ dynamic / /daɪˈnæmɪk/ / (approving) (of a person) having a positive attitude and a lot of energy and new ideas （人）积极的，充满活力的，多新点子的◆She has a dynamic personality.她的个性充满活力。◆He was a dynamic young advertising executive.他年轻、精力充沛，是广告公司的管理人员。■ mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl; NAmE ˈmoʊbl/ [not usually before noun](of a person) able to move or travel around easily （人）行动方便的，腿脚灵便的◆The kitchen is specially designed for the elderly or people who are less mobile.这个厨房是专门为上了年纪或行动不便的人设计的。◆You really need to be mobile (= have a car) if you live in the country.你如果住在乡下，确实需要一辆车。▸ mobility /məʊˈbɪləti; NAmE moʊˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable] ◆An electric wheelchair has given her greater mobility.电动轮椅让她行动起来方便多了。 |