| 例句 |
name noun
⇨ name (What's your name?) ⇨ reputation (get a bad name) ⇨ star 1 (famous names) ⇨ make a name for yourself ⇨ succeed verbname verb
⇨ appoint (name sb as captain) ⇨ call 1 (name a baby) ⇨ identify (name the victims) ⇨ list (name your price)name noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ nickname 另见nickname条name ♦︎ title ♦︎ first name ♦︎ surname ♦︎ last name ♦︎ full name ♦︎ family name ♦︎ label ♦︎ middle name ♦︎ maiden name ♦︎ subtitleThese are all words for a word or words that a person, animal or object is known by. 这些词均表示名字、名称、称谓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a name / title / first name / label / subtitle for sb / sth◆under the name / title (of) ...◆to use a name / sb's title / sb's first name / sb's surname / your family name / your middle name / your maiden name◆to change sb / sth's name / title / surname◆to adopt / take a name / title / surname◆to give sb / sth a name / title / label / middle name / subtitle◆to choose / decide on a name / title / first name / middle name / subtitle◆to address sb by their title / first name / surname / last name / full name◆to call sb by their first name / surname / last name / full name◆to have a name / title / surname / family name / middle name / subtitle◆to bear a name / title / surname / family name■ name [countable] a word or words that a particular person, animal, place or thing is known by 名字；名称◆What's your name?你叫什么名字？◆What is / was the name, please?(= a polite way of asking sb's name) 请问您叫什么名字？◆Please write your full name and address below.请将您的姓名全称和详细地址写在下面。◆The tickets were booked in the name of McLean.这些票是以麦克莱恩的名字预订的。◆Are you changing your name when you get married?结婚时你要改姓氏吗？◆Rubella is just another name for German measles.风疹只是德国麻疹的另一个名称。ⓘ Your name is either your whole name or one part of your name. * name既指全名也指名字的一部分◆My name is Maria.我的名字叫玛丽亚。◆His name is Tom Smith.他的名字叫汤姆•史密斯。◆The name's Bond.名字是邦德。 Name is often used in compounds. * name常用于构成复合词◆place name地名◆street name街道名◆code name代号◆pet name (= a name you use for sb instead of their real name, as a sign of affection) 昵称◆pen-name (= a name used by a writer instead of their real name) 笔名◆brand name (= the name given to a product by the company that produces it) 品牌名称 see also name ⇨ call verb 1 ■ title [countable] the name of a book, poem, painting, piece of music, etc.; a word in front of a person's name to show their rank or profession, whether or not they are married, etc.; a name that describes sb's job （书、诗歌、图画、乐曲等的）名称，标题，题目；（人名前表示地位、职业、婚否等的）称号，头衔，称谓；职称◆His poems were published under the title of 'Love and Reason'.他的诗是以《爱情与理智》为题发表的。◆the title track from their latest CD (= the song with the same title as the disc) 他们最新唱片中的专辑同名主打歌◆She has sung the title role in 'Carmen'(= the role of Carmen in that opera).她在《卡门》中演唱卡门的角色。◆The present duke inherited the title from his father.现在的公爵承袭的是他父亲的爵位。◆Give your name and title (= Mr, Miss, Ms, Dr, etc.).报出你的姓名和称谓。◆His job title is Special Projects Officer.他的职称是特别项目干事。 see also entitle ⇨ call verb 1 ■ ˈfirst name [countable] a name that was given to you when you were born, that comes before your family name 名字◆His first name is Tom and his surname is Green.他名叫汤姆，姓格林。◆Please call me by my first name.请叫我的名字就行了。◆ (BrE) to be on first-name terms with sb (= to call them by their first name as a sign of a friendly informal relationship) 与某人以名字相称◆ (NAmE) to be on a first-name basis关系密切，直呼其名ⓘ Other words for sb's first name are given name (especially in American English), forename (in formal or official language) and Christian name (in British English, although this is now rather old-fashioned). These are all more formal and less frequent than first name. 某人的first name亦可称为given name（尤用于美式英语）、forename（用于正式或官方用语）和Christian name（用于英式英语，但现在有些过时）。这些用语均较first name正式，但不及其常用。■ surname [countable] (especially BrE) a name shared by all the members of a family (written last in English names) 姓◆On marriage most women in this country still take their husband's surname.这个国家的大多数妇女在结婚后还是选择采用丈夫的姓。■ ˈlast name [countable] your surname (written last in English names) 姓◆How do you spell your last name?你的姓怎么拼？■ ˈfull name [countable] all your names, usually in the order first name + middle name(s) + last name 全名（通常的顺序是first name + middle name(s) + last name）◆His full name was William Augustus Grove.他的全名是威廉•奥古斯塔斯•格罗夫。 see also full ⇨ whole ■ ˈfamily name [countable] the part of your name that shows which family you belong to 姓；姓氏◆'Smith' is the most common family name in Britain.史密斯是英国最常见的姓氏。◆He wanted a son to carry on the family name.他想要个儿子来传宗接代。■ label [countable] (disapproving) a word or phrase that is used to describe sb/sth in a way that seems too general, unfair or not correct （不恰当的）称谓，绰号，叫法◆I hated the label 'housewife'.我不喜欢“家庭主妇”这个称谓。◆He was cruelly given the label 'Mr Zero' by the Press.新闻界刻薄地称他为“零度先生”。 see also label ⇨ call verb 1 ■ ˈmiddle name [countable] a name that comes between your first name and your family name 中名（名和姓之间的名字）◆'What's your middle name?' 'I don't have one / Well actually, I have two...'“你的中名叫什么？”“我没有中名／噢，实际上我有两个⋯”■ ˈmaiden name [countable] a woman's family name before marriage （女子的）娘家姓◆Kate kept her maiden name when she got married (= she did not change her surname to that of her husband).凯特结婚后仍用自己娘家的姓。ⓘ If a woman uses her husband's surname after they get married, the new name is her married name. 如果女子结婚后用丈夫的姓，这个新的姓就是她的married name。■ subtitle [countable] a second title of a book or other written work that appears after the main title and gives more information 副标题；小标题◆This book's title is 'Oxford Learner's Thesaurus'. Its subtitle is 'A dictionary of synonyms'.这部书名为《牛津英语同义词学习词典》，副标题是“一部学习型同义词词典”。▸ subtitle verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆The article is subtitled 'New language for new times'.这篇文章的副标题是“新时代的新语言”。 reputation noun see also status reputation ♦︎ image ♦︎ profile ♦︎ name ♦︎ honour ♦︎ stature ♦︎ characterThese are all words for the opinion that people in general have of sb/sth. 这些词均表示名声、名誉、形象。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's reputation / image / name / stature as sth◆of considerable reputation / stature◆a bad reputation / image / name◆(an) international reputation / image / profile / stature◆sb's professional reputation / image / honour / stature◆to gain a reputation / an image / a name as / for sth◆to damage sb's reputation / image / character◆to blacken sb's reputation / name / character◆to protect sb's reputation / image / name◆to defend / restore sb's reputation / image / honour■ reputation [countable, uncountable] the opinion that people have about what sb/sth is like, based on what has happened in the past and what they have been told 名誉；名声◆The restaurant has an excellent reputation.那家餐厅口碑极好。◆He acquired a dubious reputation for dealing in stolen goods.他因买卖赃物名声不太好。◆He had staked his reputation on the success of the play.他用自己的名誉赌这部戏会成功。◆The weather in England is living up to its reputation (= is exactly as expected).英格兰的天气真是名副其实。 see also reputable ⇨ respectable , disreputable ⇨ sordid ■ image [countable, uncountable] the impression that a person, organization, product, etc. gives to the public （人、组织、产品等给公众的）印象；形象；声誉◆His public image is very different from the real person.他在公众心目中的形象与他真实的本人截然不同。◆The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image.这些广告旨在提升公司形象。◆the stereotyped images of women in children's books儿童读物中女性模式化的形象◆Image is very important in the music world.在音乐界，个人形象很重要。■ profile [countable] the general impression that sb/sth gives to the public and the amount of attention they receive 印象；形象；外界的关注◆The deal will certainly raise the company's international profile.这笔交易肯定会提升这家公司的国际形象。◆This issue has had a high profile (= a lot of public attention) in recent months.近几个月来，这个议题一直是公众关注的焦点。◆I advised her to keep a low profile (= not to attract attention) for the next few days.我建议她未来几天保持低调。ⓘ Sb/sth's profile is usually considered in terms of height: they can have a high/low profile or you raise/lower the profile of sb/sth. * profile通常按高低来论。可以说high/low profile或raise/lower the profile。■ name [countable, usually singular] the fame and reputation of a person, group or organization 名誉；名声；名气◆She made her name as a writer of children's books.她靠写儿童读物成名。◆These practices give the industry a bad name.这些做法让该行业背上骂名。◆We must avoid anything that might damage the good name of the firm.我们必须避免做任何可能有损公司良好声誉的事。 see also make a name for yourself ⇨ succeed ■ honour (BrE) (NAmE honor) [uncountable] a good reputation, especially for showing high moral standards; respect from other people 荣誉，名誉（尤指表现出较高的道德水准）；他人的尊敬◆She felt that she had to defend the honour of her profession.她觉得必须捍卫自己行业的荣誉。◆The family honour is at stake.家族声誉岌岌可危。◆She brought honour to her country by winning an Olympic gold medal.她赢得奥运金牌，为祖国带来了荣誉。 OPP dishonour ⇨ disgrace 2 see also honourable ⇨ respectable , honourable ⇨ worthy ■ stature / /ˈstætʃə(r)/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) the importance and respect that a person or group has because of their ability and achievements （因个人或团体的能力和成就带来的）声望，名望◆The orchestra has grown in stature.这支管弦乐队的声望有所提高。◆The election result enhanced the party's stature.选举结果提高了该党的地位。■ character [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) the opinion that people have of you, especially of whether you can be trusted or relied on （尤指可信度方面的）名誉，声望，名气◆He had been discharged without a stain on his character.他已获释，清誉无损。◆My teacher agreed to be a character witness (= sb who says that a person can be trusted) for me in court.我的老师同意在法庭上做我的品德信誉见证人。 star1 noun a pop star 流行音乐歌星the star role in the play 剧中的主角 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ hero 另见hero条star ♦︎ celebrity ♦︎ name ♦︎ personality ♦︎ superstar ♦︎ legend ♦︎ public figure ♦︎ greatThese are all words for a famous and successful person, especially in the areas of entertainment and sport. 这些词均表示名人，特别是娱乐或体育界的明星。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达知名的程度| celebrity | ➔ | star | ➔ | superstar | | name | | | | legend | | personality | | | | great | | public figure | | | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a famous / top star / celebrity / name / personality◆a leading / prominent name / personality / public figure◆a big star / celebrity / name◆an international star / celebrity / name / superstar◆a television / TV / media star / celebrity / personality◆a showbiz star / celebrity / personality / legend◆a film / movie / pop / rock star / superstar / legend◆a screen star / legend / great◆a Hollywood star / superstar / legend◆a sporting / sports star / celebrity / personality / legend◆to make sb a star / celebrity / superstar / legend / public figure■ star [countable] a famous performer, for example an actor, singer or sports player 著名演员；歌星；体育明星◆I wanted to be a pop star when I was a teenager.我十几岁时想当一个流行音乐歌星。◆She acts well but she hasn't got star quality.她演技不错，但不具备明星的素质。 see also stardom ⇨ fame , icon ⇨ hero ■ celebrity / /səˈlebrəti/ / [countable] a famous person, especially one who often appears on television （尤指经常上电视的）名人，名流◆She was the first TV celebrity he had met in the flesh.她是他亲眼见过的第一位电视名人。◆The show's success made her an overnight celebrity.节目的成功使她一夜之间成了名人。 see also celebrity ⇨ fame ■ name [countable] a famous person, especially in the fields of culture or sport （尤指文化或体育界的）名人◆Some of the biggest names in the art world were at the party.艺术界的一些头面人物参加了这次聚会。◆The event attracted many famous names from the past.这次活动吸引了许多昔日的名人。ⓘ Name is often used when people are talking about famous people who have been invited to an event, or who are employed in order to attract the public's attention. * name常指应邀出席某活动或受聘来吸引公众注意的名人。■ personality [countable] (especially written) a famous person, especially one who works in entertainment or sport （尤指娱乐或体育界的）名人，风云人物◆Various personalities from the world of music were invited.邀请了音乐界的许多名流。◆In a viewers' poll he was voted TV Personality of the Year.在一次观众投票中，他被选为年度电视圈名人。■ superstar / /ˈsuːpəstɑː(r), ˈsjuːpəstɑː(r); NAmE ˈsuːpərstɑːr/ [countable] (rather informal) a very famous performer, for example an actor, singer or sports player 超级明星；巨星◆The movie made her an international superstar.那部电影使她成为了国际超级明星。■ legend /ˈledʒənd/ / [countable] a very famous person, especially in the fields of sport, music or acting, who is admired by other people （尤指体育、音乐或表演界的）传奇人物◆She was a legend in her own lifetime.她在世的时候就是个传奇人物。◆Many of golf's living legends were playing.那时有许多当世的高尔夫球传奇选手仍在打球。ⓘ A legend has a higher level of fame and a higher status than other types of famous people. It suggests that sb has shown real talent over a long career, and that they are famous because of this rather than because of their appearance or personality. * legend的知名度和身份比其他类型的名人更高一些，意味着某人在长期职业生涯中表现出了真正的天赋，他们因才华而非长相或性格而出名。 see also legendary ⇨ famous ■ ˌpublic ˈfigure [countable] (rather formal) a famous person, especially one who has a lot of influence in politics or society （尤指对政界或社会有重大影响力的）公众人物◆He is an important public figure with a significant influence on public policy.他是个重要的公众人物，对公共政策有很大的影响力。 see also public ⇨ famous , figure ⇨ person ■ great [countable, usually plural] (informal) a very famous and successful person 名人；伟人◆He was one of boxing's all-time greats.他曾是史上最杰出的拳击高手之一。ⓘ Greats is mainly used to talk about people who were very popular in the past. People are typically described as movie/Hollywood/all-time greats or as one of the greats of British comedy/the game, etc. * great主要用于指过去曾非常著名的人物，他们通常被描述为movie/Hollywood/all-time greats（电影／好莱坞／空前的名人）或one of the greats of British comedy/the game, etc.（英国喜剧／运动界等名人之一）。 see also great ⇨ great adj. 2 succeed verb succeed ♦︎ make it ♦︎ make your/a mark ♦︎ achieve ♦︎ arrive ♦︎ make a name for yourself ♦︎ conquer ♦︎ get onThese words all mean to be or become successful, especially in your career or in a particular area of activity. 这些词均表示成功、成名，尤指在事业上或某领域中。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to succeed / make it / make your mark / make a name for yourself / get on in sth◆to succeed / make it / make your mark / arrive / make a name for yourself as sth◆to make your mark / make a name for yourself by doing sth■ succeed [intransitive] to be successful in your career, earning money, power and/or respect 成功；有成就；有作为◆You will have to work hard if you are to succeed.你要想有所作为就必须苦干。◆She doesn't have the ruthlessness to succeed in business.她没有在生意场上成功所需的决绝。OPP fail ⇨ fail 2 see also succeed ⇨ achieve ■ ˈmake it idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to be successful in your career （事业上）获得成功◆You can make it if you believe in yourself.你只要相信自己，就能成功。◆He never really made it as an actor.他从来就不是个成功的演员。■ ˌmake your ˈmark■ ˌmake a ˈmark idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to become famous and successful in a particular area （在某领域）取得成功，成名◆She has already made her mark on the music industry.她在音乐界已经很有名气了。■ achieve [intransitive] to be successful in a particular area, especially in your studies 成功；（尤指）学业有成◆Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.他们的家庭背景使他们很难有机会在学校学有所成。 see also achieve ⇨ achieve ■ arrive [intransitive] (usually used in the phrase sb has/had arrived 通常用于短语sb has/had arrived) (informal) to become successful in a particular area （在某领域）取得成功◆He knew he had arrived when he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize.被列入布克小说作品奖决选名单后，他知道自己成功了。■ make a name for yourself idiom (made, made) (rather informal) to become famous and gain a reputation 成名；出名◆She's made quite a name for herself.她已经相当有名气了。 see also name ⇨ reputation ■ conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r); NAmE ˈkɑːŋkər/ [transitive] (rather informal) to become very popular or successful in a particular place 在（某地）很受欢迎，成功◆The band is now setting out to conquer the world.这支乐队现在要去征服世界。◆This is a British film which could conquer the US market.这是一部能够征服美国市场的英国电影。■ ˌget ˈon phrasal verb (getting, got, got) (BrE, rather informal) to be successful in your career 事业有成◆Parents are always anxious for their children to get on.父母总是渴望孩子事业有成。◆I don't know how he's going to get on in life.我不知道他将来怎样出人头地。NOTE 辨析 Make it or get on? Make it often suggests that there is one critical moment or achievement in sb's career, at which point you can tell whether they have been successful or not; it also suggests that success depends on talent and self-belief. Get on suggests a more gradual process of becoming successful through hard work. * make it常意味着某人的职业生涯中有一个决定其成功与否的关键时刻或成就，而成功依赖于天赋和自信；get on意味着通过艰苦努力逐渐取得成功。 appoint verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ employ 另见employ条appoint ♦︎ elect ♦︎ name ♦︎ nominate ♦︎ designate ♦︎ co-opt ♦︎ commission ♦︎ vote sb in ♦︎ vote sb into/onto sthThese verbs all mean to officially or formally choose sb for a job, especially an important one, or for a position of responsibility. 这些动词均表示任命或委任要职。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to appoint sb / name sb / nominate sb / designate sb / commission sb / vote sb in as sth◆to appoint / elect / name / nominate sb to sth◆to appoint / elect / name / nominate / designate / co-opt sb to do sth◆to officially / formally appoint / name / nominate / designate sb■ appoint [transitive] to choose sb for a job, especially an important one, or for a position of responsibility 任命，委任（要职）◆They have appointed a new principal at my son's school.我儿子就读的学校任命了一位新校长。◆She has recently been appointed to the committee.她最近获任命为委员会成员。◆They appointed him (as) captain of the national team.他们任命他为国家队队长。◆A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一名律师受任为这个孩子的代理人。OPP dismiss ⇨ fire verb ▸ appointment noun [countable, uncountable] ◆Following her recent appointment to the post...在她新近获任此职之后⋯◆the appointment of a new captain for the England team英格兰队新队长的任命 see also appointment ⇨ job ■ elect [transitive] to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them 选举；推选◆an elected assembly / leader / representative选出的议会／领导人／代表◆the newly elected government新当选的政府◆She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个获选进参议院的黑人女性。◆What changes will he make if he gets elected?如果当选，他将进行什么变革？ⓘ Elect is most often used in political contexts to refer to choosing governments, leaders and representatives, who are chosen by a formal, written vote. * elect多用于政治语境，指通过正式的投票方式选举政府、领导人及代表。 see also election ⇨ choice 1 , election ⇨ election ▸ electoral adjective ◆electoral systems / reforms选举制度／改革■ name [transitive] to choose sb for a job or position 任命；委任◆I had no hesitation in naming him (as) captain.我毫不犹豫地任命他为队长。◆Mr Shah has been named to run the new research unit.沙先生获委任负责领导这个新的研究小组。■ nominate / /ˈnɒmɪneɪt; NAmE ˈnɑːmɪneɪt/ [transitive] (rather formal) to choose sb to do a particular job or task 任命；指派◆I have been nominated to the committee.我受命成为委员会委员。◆She was nominated to speak on our behalf.她被指派代表我们发言。 see also nomination ⇨ choice 1 ■ designate /ˈdezɪgneɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to choose sb for a particular job or position 选定；指派；委任◆The director is allowed to designate his / her successor.主任获准选定自己的继任人。NOTE 辨析 Name, nominate or designate? Name is much more frequent, especially in written language. It is often used in business contexts to talk about appointing a new boss, committee member, etc. However, nominate is used when you are talking about a particular task, not a job or position that continues for a period of time. 与nominate、designate相比，name尤其在书面语中较常用，在商务语境中常用来指任命新老板、委员会新成员等。而nominate指的是委派别人执行某项特定的任务，而不是长期负责某项工作或担任某个职位◆She was named to speak on our behalf. Designate is a formal way of saying name. * designate是name正式的说法。 ■ ˌco-ˈopt [transitive] to make sb a member of a group or committee by the agreement of all the other members （经所有成员同意）增选⋯为委员◆She was co-opted onto the board.她获增选为董事会成员。■ commission / /kəˈmɪʃn/ / [transitive, usually passive] to choose sb as an officer in one of the armed forces 任命⋯为军官◆He has just been commissioned (as a) pilot officer.他刚获任命为空军少尉。■ ˌvote sb ˈin■ ˌvote sb ˈinto sth■ ˌvote sb ˈonto sth phrasal verb to choose sb for a position by voting for them 投票选出⋯任（某职）◆He was voted in as treasurer.他当选为财务主管。◆She was voted onto the board of governors.她获选入董事会。 OPP vote sb out , vote sb out of/off sth see also vote ⇨ election call1 verb We called the baby Mia. 我们给婴儿取名米娅。call the office/the police/a taxi 给办公室打电话；打电话叫警察／出租车hear a voice calling 听见呼喊声hear a bird callingcall ♦︎ name ♦︎ term ♦︎ entitle ♦︎ label ♦︎ designate ♦︎ dub ♦︎ brand ♦︎ nickname ♦︎ address ♦︎ christenThese verbs all mean to give sb/sth a name or title. 这些动词均表示取名、命名。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to label / designate / brand / address sb / sth as sth◆to call / address sb by their full name, their first name, etc.◆to call / name / dub / nickname / christen sb Mary, Ali etc.◆to call / dub / nickname sb captain, the wizard, etc.◆officially called / named / termed / entitled / labelled / designated / dubbed / christened◆aptly called / named / termed / entitled / nicknamed◆commonly called / termed / labelled■ call [transitive] to give sb/sth a particular name; to use a particular name or title when you are talking to sb 给⋯命名；称呼；把⋯叫做◆They decided to call the baby Mark.他们决定给婴儿取名马克。◆His name's Hiroshi but everyone calls him Hiro.他名叫广志，但人人都叫他广。◆What do they call that new fabric?他们把那种新织品叫做什么？◆They called their first daughter after her grandmother.他们给大女儿取了祖母的名字。◆We call each other by our first names here.我们这儿彼此直呼其名。■ name [transitive] to officially give a name to sb/sth （正式）命名；给⋯取名◆They named their son John.他们给儿子起名叫约翰。◆He was named after his father (= given his father's first name).他取了父亲的名字。◆ (especially NAmE) The planet Mars is named for the Roman god of war.火星是以罗马战神的名字命名的。ⓘ You can also rename sb/sth by giving them/it a new name. * rename表示重新命名◆Leningrad was renamed St Petersburg.列宁格勒给重新命名为圣彼得堡。◆to rename a file (= on a computer) 将文件重新命名 see also name ⇨ name noun ■ term [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to use a particular name or word to describe sb/sth, especially in scientific and technical contexts 把⋯称为，把⋯叫做（尤用于科技领域）◆At his age, he can hardly be termed a young man.到了这个年纪，他称不上是年轻人了。◆REM sleep is termed 'active' sleep.快速眼动睡眠称作“主动”睡眠。 see also term ⇨ word ■ entitle [transitive, usually passive] to give a title to a book, play, film, painting, etc. 给（书、戏剧、电影、画作等）命名；题名◆The company launched a huge marketing campaign entitled 'Buy Blue'.该公司推出了一个名为Buy Blue的大型市场推广活动。◆He read a poem entitled 'Salt'.他读了一首题为《盐》的诗。 see also title ⇨ name noun ■ label (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [transitive, often passive] (sometimes disapproving) to describe sb/sth in a particular way, especially in a negative way and often unfairly （尤指负面且常不公正地）把⋯称为◆He was labelled (as) a traitor by his former colleagues.他以前的同事称他为叛徒。◆It is unfair to label a small baby as naughty.说小婴儿淘气不公平。 see also label ⇨ name noun ■ designate / /ˈdezɪgneɪt/ / [transitive, usually passive] (rather formal) to say officially that sth has a particular character or name; to describe sth in a particular way 命名；指定◆This area has been designated (as) a National Park.本区域已经划定为国家公园。◆designated seats for the elderly老人专座■ dub (-bb-) [transitive, often passive] to give sb/sth an unofficial name, especially in the media, sometimes in a humorous or critical way （尤指在媒体上）把⋯戏称为，给⋯起绰号◆The media dubbed anorexia 'the slimming disease'.媒体将厌食症戏称为“苗条病”。■ brand [transitive] (sometimes disapproving) to describe sb as being bad or unpleasant, especially unfairly （尤指不公正地）丑化（某人），败坏（某人）名声◆They were branded as liars and cheats.他们被说成是说谎者和骗子。◆The newspapers branded her a hypocrite.报纸上说她是虚伪的人。■ nickname / /ˈnɪkneɪm/ / [transitive, often passive] to give sb/sth an informal, often humorous, name that is used instead of or in addition to their/its real name 给⋯起外号◆She was nicknamed 'The Ice Queen'.她外号叫“冰上王后”。ⓘ When you nickname sb/sth, you usually choose a new name that is connected with their real name, their personality, appearance or qualities, or with sth they have done or can do. 给某人或某物起外号时，选择的新名字通常与对象的本名、个性、外表、特质、经历或本领有关◆Michael Jackson, nicknamed 'Jacko'迈克尔•杰克逊，外号Jacko◆He was nicknamed 'Stretch' because he was so tall.他的外号是“大个”，因为他个子很高。 see also nickname ⇨ nickname noun ■ address [transitive] to use a particular name or title for sb when you speak or write to them 称呼（某人）；冠以（某种称呼）◆The judge should be addressed as 'Your Honour'.对法官应该称呼“法官大人”。◆How should I address her?我该怎么称呼她？◆Please address my client by his full name, Mr Babic.巴比奇先生，请称呼我的客户全名。■ christen / /ˈkrɪsn/ / [transitive, often passive] to give a name to a baby at a religious ceremony to welcome him or her into the Christian Church; to give a name to sb/sth （施洗时）为（某人）命名；给（某人）取教名◆The child was christened Mary.这个孩子受洗时取名玛丽。◆Did you have your children christened?你的孩子都受洗了吗？◆They christened the boat 'Oceania'.他们将这条船命名为“大洋洲号”。▸ christening noun [countable] ◆my nephew's christening (= the ceremony in which a baby is christened) 我侄子的洗礼 identify verb identify ♦︎ know ♦︎ recognize ♦︎ name ♦︎ make sb/sth out ♦︎ isolate ♦︎ discern ♦︎ pinpoint ♦︎ place ♦︎ pick sb/sth outThese words all mean to be able to see or hear sb/sth and/or be able to say who or what they are. 这些词均表示认出、识别。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to identify / know / recognize sb / sth by sth◆to identify / recognize / name / pinpoint sb / sth as sb / sth◆to identify / know / recognize / make out / isolate / pinpoint / discern who / what / how...◆to immediately identify / know / recognize / pinpoint / place / pick out sb / sth◆to easily identify / recognize / make out / isolate / discern / pick out sb / sth◆to clearly / barely / hardly / just identify / recognize / make out / discern / pick out sb / sth◆to dimly know / recognize / make out / discern sb / sth■ identify [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be able to say who or what sb/sth is 确认；认出；鉴定出◆She was able to positively identify her attacker.她明确地指认出袭击她的人。◆Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they were).很多被捕的人拒不透露身份。◆First of all we must identify the problem areas within the system.首先我们必须找出系统内出问题的地方。 see also identify ⇨ find 3 ▸ identification noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Each product has a number for easy identification.每件产品都有标码以便识别。◆Only one witness could make a positive identification.只有一名目击者能够明确指认。■ know [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be able to say who or what sth is when you see or hear it, because you have seen or heard it before 认识；认出；辨认出◆I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice.我看不到谁在讲话，但能辨认出声音。◆She knows a bargain when she sees one.她一看就知道有没有便宜可捡。■ recognize (BrE also recognise) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them/it, because you have seen or heard them/it before 认识；认出；辨认出◆Do you recognize this tune?你能听出这是哪支曲子吗？◆We barely recognized her－she had changed so much in ten years.我们几乎认不出她了，她十年来变化太大了。◆I recognized him by the way he walked.我从他走路的样子认出了他。▸ recognition noun [uncountable] ◆He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition.他瞥了她一眼，但似乎没认出她来。NOTE 辨析 Know or recognize? Know is used especially to talk about sounds that seem familiar and when sb recognizes the quality or opportunity that sb/sth represents, as in the phrase sb knows a ... when they see one. * know尤用于表示辨认出听上去熟悉的声音，也表示发现某人或某事物所展现的特质或机会，比如在短语sb knows a ... when they see one（一看便知⋯） 中◆I know / recognize that voice / laugh / tune.我能辨别出那声音／笑声／曲子。◆He knows / recognizes a lady when he sees one.是不是淑女他一看就知道。 Recognize can also be used in these examples, but it sounds slightly more formal. Know in this meaning is not usually used to talk about people. * recognize也可用于这些例子，但听起来稍显正式。know表达此义时通常不用于人◆I knew him as soon as he came in the room. ■ name [transitive] to say the name of sb/sth in order to show that you know who/what they are 说出⋯的名称；叫出⋯的名字◆The victim has not yet been named.受害人的姓名尚未得知。◆The missing man has been named as James Kelly.失踪者已被确认为名叫詹姆斯•凯利的男子。◆Can you name all the American states?你能说出美国所有的州吗？■ ˌmake sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb (made, made) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear 看清；听清；辨认清楚◆I could just make out a figure in the darkness.黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。◆The sign was too far away for me to make out what it said.指示牌太远了，我看不清上面写着什么。■ isolate [transitive] (formal or technical 术语) to separate a part of a situation, problem, idea, etc. so that you can see what it is and deal with it separately 将⋯剔出（以便弄清和单独处理）◆It is possible to isolate a number of factors that contributed to her downfall.可以找出导致她垮台的一些因素。■ discern / /dɪˈsɜːn; NAmE dɪˈsɜːrn/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to recognize or know sth, especially sth that is not obvious; to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear 识别，分辨，看出，听出（不明显的事物）◆It is possible to discern a number of different techniques in her work.从她的作品中可以看到许多不同的创作手法。◆It is often difficult to discern how widespread public support is.要了解公众支持的广泛程度常常是困难的。 see also distinguish ⇨ distinguish 1 , discernible ⇨ visible ■ pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/ / [transitive] to find and show the exact position of sb/sth or the exact time that sth happened; to be able to give the exact reason for sth or to describe sth exactly 明确指出，确定（位置或时间）；准确解释（或说明）◆He was able to pinpoint on the map the site of the medieval village.他能在地图上准确找到那个中世纪村庄的位置。◆The report pinpointed the areas most in need of help.报告精确说明了亟待援助的地区。■ place [transitive] (usually used in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) to recognize sb/sth and be able to identify them/it 认出；辨认；识别◆I've seen her before but I just can't place her.我以前见过她，不过现在认不出她来。◆His accent was impossible to place.他的口音无法辨别。■ ˌpick sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to recognize sb/sth from among other people or things 认出来；辨别出◆See if you can pick me out in this photo.看你能不能认出这张照片上哪个是我。 list verb list ♦︎ define ♦︎ specify ♦︎ detail ♦︎ state ♦︎ name ♦︎ itemizeThese words all mean to present things in a list or in a particular order. 这些词均表示给事物列清单或排次序。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to list / define / specify / detail / state / name / itemize sth as sth◆to list / define / specify / detail / state / name / itemize sth in sth◆to list / define / specify / detail / itemize sth under sth◆to define / specify / detail / state what / how / where / who...◆to specify / state that...◆to list / define / specify / detail tasks◆to list / specify / state / itemize details◆to list / define / specify / detail / name / enumerate items◆to fully / carefully list / define / specify / detail / itemize sth◆to clearly define / specify / state sth◆to list / define / specify / itemize sth separately■ list [transitive] to write the names of things in a particular order; to include sth in a list （按某种次序）把⋯列表，列清单；把⋯列入清单◆We were asked to list our ten favourite songs.我们应要求列出自己最喜爱的十首歌曲。◆Towns in the guide are listed alphabetically.旅游指南里的城镇是按字母顺序排列的。◆Articles may be listed under more than one heading.有些条款可能列在不止一个标题之下。◆The names are listed below.名单如下。■ define [transitive] to describe or show sth accurately 阐明；明确；界定◆We need to define the task ahead very clearly.我们需要明确今后的任务。◆The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete.问题的难易度是以解决这个问题所花时间的长短来衡量的。◆It is difficult to define what makes him so popular.很难解释清楚是什么原因使他如此走红。 see also definition ⇨ definition ■ specify / /ˈspesɪfaɪ/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to give exact details of sth such as a measurement, time or instructions 具体说明；明确规定；详述◆Forms must be returned by the specified date.这些表格必须在指定日期前交回。◆The contract clearly specifies who can operate the machinery.合同明确规定什么人可以操作机器。◆The regulations specify that calculators may not be used in the examination.考试规则明确规定考试时不得使用计算器。▸ specification / /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ / noun [countable, uncountable] ◆the technical specifications of the new model (= of car) 新车型的技术规格◆The house has been built exactly to our specification.房子完全是按照我们的设计要求建造的。■ detail [transitive] to give a list of facts or all the available information about sth 详细列举；详细说明；详述◆The brochure details all the hotels in the area and their facilities.这本小册子详细介绍了当地所有旅馆及其设施。 see also detail ⇨ information noun ■ state [transitive, usually passive] to fix or announce the details of sth, especially on a written document （尤指在书面文件中）规定，公布◆This is not one of their stated aims.在他们公布的目标里没有这一条。◆You must arrive at the time stated.你必须在规定时间到达。■ name [transitive] to specify sth exactly 确定；说定；准确陈述◆Name your price.你给个价吧。◆They're engaged, but they haven't yet named the day (= fixed a date for the wedding).他们订婚了，但尚未确定结婚日期。◆Activities available include squash, archery and swimming, to name but a few.所设活动项目包括壁球、射箭、游泳等等，不一而足。◆Chairs, tables, cabinets－you name it, she makes it (= she makes anything you can imagine).椅子、桌子、橱柜－凡是你说得出的，她都能做。ⓘ Name is less formal than specify, but it is mostly used in a few fixed phrases. * name不如specify正式，主要用于几个固定短语中。■ itemize (BrE also itemise) / /ˈaɪtəmaɪz/ / [transitive] to produce a detailed list of things 列出清单◆The report itemized over 25 different faults.报告列举了超过25处不同的错误。◆You can ask for an itemized phone bill (= one which gives details of each call).你可以索要一份电话明细账单。 |