nature noun ⇨nature1 (the nature of the problem)⇨nature2 (the beauties of nature)⇨kind (books of a scientific nature)⇨personality (She is very sensitive by nature.)
nature1
noun
the exact nature of the problem问题的确切性质the beauties of nature自然界中美好的东西nature ♦︎ character ♦︎ essence ♦︎ stuff ♦︎ spiritThese are all words for the basic or most important qualities of a thing.这些词均表示基本特征、本质。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in nature / character / essence / spirit◆the very nature / character / essence / stuff / spirit of sth◆the real / true nature / character / essence / spirit of sth◆the individual / fundamental nature / character / essence of sth◆to preserve / capture / convey / reflect the nature / character / essence of sth◆to consider / understand / reveal / define the nature / character / essence of sth■nature [singular] the basic qualities of a thing基本特征；本质；基本性质◆It's difficult to define the exact nature of the problem.很难给这个问题确切定性。◆My work is very specialized in nature.我的工作性质非常专业化。◆The future by its very nature is uncertain.就其本质来说，未来是不确定的。 see also nature ⇨ personality■character [countable, usually singular, uncountable] all the qualities and features that make a place or thing different from others; the way that sth is, or a particular quality or feature that a thing, event or place has（事物、事件或地方的）特点，特征，特色◆The character of the neighbourhood hasn't changed at all.这片住宅区的风貌依旧。◆I love the delicate character of the light in the evening.我喜欢夜间柔和的灯火。 see also character ⇨ personalityNOTE辨析 Nature or character?Nature is used especially to talk about the basic qualities of abstract things, such as a problem, work, society, a strategy, risks or the future. Character is used more to talk about the qualities and features of places, buildings and other physical things, especially qualities and features that appeal to your senses and feelings and make a place or thing seem different or special in some way. * nature尤指诸如problem、work、society、strategy、risk、future之类的抽象事物的基本特征。character则较多指地方、建筑物和其他实物的特点、特征，尤指令人觉得赏心悦目，并使地方或实物在某种程度上看来与众不同或别有风味的特征。■essence / /ˈesns/ / [uncountable] the most important quality or feature of sth, that makes it what it is本质；实质；精髓◆Like so many peasant foods, the essence of pasta is its simplicity.像很多农家饭一样，意大利面食的精髓是简单。◆In essence(= when you consider the most important points), your situation isn't so different from mine.从本质上讲，你我的情况并非相差很远。 see also essential ⇨ fundamental■stuff [uncountable] the most important feature of sth; sth that sth else is based on or is made from基本特征；特质；基础；原料◆Parades and marches were the very stuff of politics in the region.游行示威是那一地区政治生活的基本内容。◆Let's see what stuff you're made of(= what sort of person you are).我们来看看你是怎样的一个人。■spirit [singular, uncountable] the real or intended meaning or purpose of sth真实意义；实质◆The referee should try to obey the spirit as well as the letter(= the narrow meaning of the words) of the law.裁判执法既要尽力依循规则的字面意思，也须掌握规则的精神实质。
nature2
noun
the exact nature of the problem问题的确切性质the beauties of nature自然界中美好的东西nature ♦︎ the environment ♦︎ wildlife ♦︎ life ♦︎ ecosystem ♦︎ the wild ♦︎ the natural worldThese words all mean the world and the plants and animals that live in it.这些词均表示自然界、生态环境、野生动植物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in nature / the environment / an ecosystem / the wild◆(a / an / the) marine / terrestrial / aquatic environment / wildlife / life / ecosystem◆to protect the environment / wildlife / ... life / the natural world◆to damage the environment / wildlife / ... life◆to benefit / preserve / save / affect / destroy the environment / wildlife■nature ( Nature) [uncountable] all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people; the way that things happen in the physical world when it is not controlled by people自然界；大自然；自然方式◆Take time to appreciate the beauties of nature.悠闲地欣赏自然界中美好的东西。◆The forces of nature are constantly reshaping our world.自然界的力量在不断重塑我们的世界。◆It seemed against the laws of nature that such a creature could even exist.竟有这样的生物存在，这似乎有违自然规律。◆Just let nature take its course.就顺其自然吧。◆Her illness was Nature's way of telling her to do less.她的疾病表示天意在告诉她不要太劳累。ⓘ You cannot use the nature to talk about plants, animals and the natural world.不可用the nature（加定冠词the）指自然界◆the beauties of the natureWhen you are just talking about your immediate surroundings it is usually better to use a different word.指附近的环境时，最好用其他的词◆They stopped to admire nature.◆They stopped to admire the scenery / countryside.他们停下来欣赏风景／乡村景色。 see also countryside,scenery ⇨ country2▸natural
adjective
◆a country's natural resources(= its coal, oil, forests, etc.)一国的自然资源▸naturally
adverb
◆naturally occurring chemicals天然存在的化学物质■the environment [singular] the natural world in which people, animals and plants live, especially when it is threatened or has been damaged by human activity（尤指受到人类活动威胁或破坏的）自然环境，生态环境◆There is increasing public concern about pollution of the environment.公众对环境污染的忧虑日益加深。▸environmental
adjective
◆the environmental impact of pollution污染对环境的影响▸environmentally
adverb
◆an environmentally sensitive area(= one that is easily damaged or that contains rare animals, plants, etc.)生态环境脆弱的地区■wildlife / /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ / [uncountable] animals that are wild and live in a natural environment that is not controlled by people野生动物；野生生物◆Development of the area would endanger wildlife.开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。◆The area is an important wildlife habitat.该地区是重要的野生动物栖息地。■life [uncountable] living things生物；活物◆pond life池塘生物◆Yet more species of plant and animal life die out as their very specialized habitat is disturbed.还有更多的动植物物种因为其专属的栖息地受到干扰而灭绝。◆Is there intelligent life on other planets?其他星球上存在具有智慧的生物吗？■ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm; NAmEˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ [countable] all the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment生态系统◆Islands often support delicate ecosystems that evolved without any need for defence.岛屿上所维系的生态系统大多很脆弱，是在无需防御的情况下演化而成的。■the wild [countable, singular] a natural environment that is not controlled by people自然环境；野生状态◆The bird is too tame now to survive in the wild.这只鸟已经驯化了，现在难以在野生环境中生存。◆The animals were released back into the wild when they had recovered.这些动物在康复后被放归野生环境。■the ˌnatural ˈworld [countable, singular] the earth's plants, animals and natural features that have not been created or changed by human actions自然界◆Many medicines are made from ingredients found in the natural world.许多药是用从自然界找到的原料制成的。
kind
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ category另见category条kind ♦︎ sort ♦︎ type ♦︎ form ♦︎ version ♦︎ variety ♦︎ style ♦︎ genre ♦︎ nature ♦︎ brandThese are all words for a group of people or things that are the same in some way.这些词均表示种类、类型。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a kind / sort / type / form / version / variety / style / genre / brand of sth◆of a / the ... kind / sort / type / form / variety / style / nature◆in kind / type / form / style / nature◆different kinds / sorts / types / forms / versions / varieties / styles / genres◆various kinds / sorts / types / forms / versions / styles / genres◆a different kind / sort / type / form / version / style / nature / brand◆another kind / sort / type / form / version / variety / style / brand◆the same kind / sort / type / form / version / variety / style / genre / nature / brand◆all kinds / sorts / types / forms / varieties / styles / brands (of sth)◆every / any kind / sort / type / form / variety / style / nature◆some kind / sort / type / form / variety / nature (of sth)◆a particular kind / sort / type / form / version / variety / style / genre / nature / brand◆the best / worst kind / sort / type / form◆a / the / that kind / sort / type of thing◆of this / that kind / sort / type◆of every kind / sort / type / form / variety / style / nature■kind [countable, uncountable] a group of people or things that are similar in a particular way同类的人（或事物）；种类◆They play music of all kinds.他们演奏各种类型的音乐。◆The school is the first of its kind in the UK.这是英国同类学校中最早的一所。◆She does the same kind of work as me.她和我做同一种工作。◆She isn't that kind of person.她不是那种人。◆I miss him, in a funny kind of way.我对他有一种莫名其妙的思念。◆They sell all kinds of things.他们出售各种各样的东西。◆You're going to need some kind of cover to protect it from the rain.你得拿什么东西把它盖上以防止雨淋。◆'I was terrible!' 'You were nothing of the kind!'“我那时糟透了！”“你才不哩。”■sort [countable] (especially BrE) a group of people or things that are similar in a particular way同类的人（或事物）；种类◆'What sort of music do you like?' 'Oh, all sorts.'“你喜欢哪一类音乐？”“噢，哪一类都喜欢。”◆This sort of problem is quite common.这类问题相当普遍。◆He's the sort of person who only cares about money.他这种人一心只想着钱。◆Most people went on training courses of one sort or another.多数人都上过这样那样的培训班。◆ (spoken) What sort of price are you willing to pay(= approximately what price)?你愿意出什么样的价？ see also sort ⇨ classifyverb■type [countable] a class or group of people or things that share particular qualities or features or are part of a larger group类型；种类◆He mixes with all types of people.他和各种类型的人打交道。◆What type of car do you drive?你开的是哪种类型的汽车？◆How much do you charge for this type of work?这种活你收多少钱？◆This is the oldest existing shrine of its type.这是现存的同类神社中历史最悠久的一座。◆You can divide his novels into three main types.他的小说可以分成三大类。◆She has a very rare blood type.她的血型非常罕见。◆This is a new formula for all skin types.这是一种适合各种肤质的新配方。NOTE辨析 Kind, sort or type?Kind is the most frequent of these words in this meaning. Sort is also frequent but is slightly more informal than kind and is used more in spoken English than in written English, and more in British English than in American English. Type is slightly more formal than the other two words and tends to be used more to talk about things that can be divided into classes or groups in a fairly objective way, for example in official, scientific or academic contexts.这几个词中kind的使用频率最高，sort的使用频率也较高，但稍不如kind正式。sort多用于口语而非书面语，多用于英式英语而非美式英语。type比另外两个词稍正式些，往往指可以很客观地去分类的事物，例如官方、科学或学术语境中的事物。■form [countable] one type of a thing that exists in a number of different types, especially when these have different physical characteristics（尤指根据物理特性界定的）类型，种类◆We need to look for an alternative form of energy.我们需要寻找一种替代型能源。◆This is one of the most common forms of cancer.这是其中一种最常见的癌症。◆Will we ever discover intelligent life forms on other planets?我们会在其他星球上发现高智能的生命形态吗？◆Music is not like other art forms.音乐不同于其他艺术形式。ⓘ Different forms of a thing are usually different in their physical characteristics, in a way that different types of a thing need not be.一种事物的不同form通常具有不同的物理特性，而一种事物的不同type则不一定这样◆He mixes with all forms of people.◆Are there intelligent life types on other planets? see also form ⇨ form1■version [countable] a copy of sth, especially a product, that is slightly different from the original thing（尤指产品的）版本，型式◆the latest version of the Volkswagen Golf大众高尔夫车系的最新车型◆the de luxe / luxury version豪华型◆The English version of the novel is due for publication next year.这部小说的英译本预定明年出版。■variety [countable] a type of a thing, for example a plant or language, that is different from the others in the same general group（植物、语言等的）变种，变体；品种◆Apples come in a great many varieties.苹果品种繁多。◆The variety of English that they speak is closer to American than British.他们所讲的那种英语更接近于美式英语而非英式英语。◆They stock over 200 varieties of cheese.他们备有200多种奶酪。■style [countable, uncountable] the features of a book, painting, building, etc. that make it typical of a particular author, artist, historical period, etc.（文学作品、绘画、建筑等的）风格，体◆This is a fine example of the Gothic style.这是哥特风格的一个佳例。◆The city contains many different styles of architecture.这座城市拥有多种不同的建筑风格。◆They were told to write the passage in the style of Hemingway.他们被要求模仿海明威的风格写短文。■genre / /ˈʒɒ̃rə, ˈʒɒnrə; NAmEˈʒɑːnrə/ [countable, uncountable] (formal) a particular style or type of literature, art, music or film that can be recognized because of its special features（文学、艺术、音乐或电影的）体裁，类型◆Crime fiction is a genre which seems likely to stay with us for many years.看来犯罪小说这种文学样式在很长一段时间内不会消亡。◆His essay discusses theories of style and genre.他的文章探讨了风格与体裁方面的理论。■nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ / [singular] (ratherformal) a particular type of sth种类；类型◆His books were mainly of a scientific nature.他的书主要是科学类的。◆Don't worry about things of that nature.不用担心那类事情。◆Decisions of this nature often take a long time.作这类决定常常要花很长时间。ⓘ In this meaning nature is usually used in the phrase of a ... nature. * nature表达此义时通常用于短语of a ... nature。■brand [countable] a particular type of sth, especially sb's particular way of doing or thinking about sth类型（尤指某人独特的行为或思维方式）◆She has her own unique brand of humour.她有自己别具一格的幽默。
personality
noun
personality ♦︎ nature ♦︎ character ♦︎ temperament ♦︎ self ♦︎ persona ♦︎ make-up ♦︎ dispositionThese are all words for the qualities and characteristics that make a person who they are and different from others.这些词均表示性格、个性。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆by nature / temperament◆in sb's nature / character◆a violent personality / nature / character / temperament◆a / an outgoing / charming personality / character / disposition◆a sunny personality / nature / disposition◆a generous nature / character / disposition◆sb's real / true nature / character / self◆sth reflects sb's personality / nature / character◆an aspect of sb's personality / nature / character / temperament / disposition◆a side of sb's personality / nature / character◆a part of sb's personality / character / make-up■personality [countable, uncountable] a person's qualities and features that combine to make them different from other people性格；个性；人格◆The children all have very different personalities.孩子们的性格各不相同。◆His wife has a strong personality.他的妻子个性很强。◆He maintained order by sheer force of personality.他全凭人格力量稳住局势。◆There are likely to be tensions and personality clashes in any social group.任何社会团体都容易出现关系紧张和个性冲突。■nature [countable, uncountable] the usual way that a person or animal behaves that is part of their personality天性；本性；性格◆He has an inquisitive nature.他天性好学。◆It's not in her nature to be unkind.刻薄不是她的天性。◆It was against his nature to tell lies.说谎有悖于他的天性。◆She is very sensitive by nature.她天性很敏感。◆It's only human nature to want more money.想拥有更多的财富乃是人的本性。◆People are always taking advantage of her good nature(= her kindness).人们总是在利用她的善良。 see also nature ⇨ nature1■character[countable, usually singular] all the qualities and features that make a person or group of people different from others（人或团体的）品质，性格◆She revealed her true character when anyone disagreed with her.如果有人与她的意见相左，她的本性便暴露无遗。◆The lawyer argued that his client's violent behaviour was out of character.律师争辩说当事人的暴力行为与他的性格完全不符。◆Generosity is part of the American character.慷慨是美国人性格的一部分。 see also character ⇨ nature1■temperament / /ˈtemprəmənt/ / [countable, uncountable] a person's or an animal's nature as shown in the way they tend to behave or react to situations or people（人或动物的）气质，性情，禀性◆To become a champion, you have to have the right temperament.要成为冠军，你得具备必要的气质。◆She was fiery by temperament.她性情暴躁。NOTE辨析 Personality, nature, character or temperament?Personality is used especially to talk about the way sb behaves in the company of other people, for example whether they are lively or quiet, confident or shy, cheerful or bad-tempered. Nature is used especially to talk about what sb would normally do, often when contrasting this with behaviour that seems to be different from what they would normally do. Character is similar to nature, but is more often used in connection with a person's moral behaviour or how honest or strong-minded they are. Temperament is mostly used to talk about a person's emotional state, whether they are likely to react to a particular situation by, for example, becoming angry or sad or by staying calm. * personality尤表述与人共处时的举止，如活泼还是安静、自信还是腼腆、开朗还是易怒。nature尤表述某人惯常的行为举止，常用于比较某人的惯常做法与反常行为。character与nature相似，但较常用于描述人的德行，或是否诚实、是否固执等。temperament最常表述人的情绪状态，是否容易对某一特殊情况感到生气、悲伤或保持冷静等。■self(pluralselves) [countable, usually singular] the type of person you are, especially the way you normally behave, look or feel（自己的）通常的行为方式，本来面目，惯常心态◆He's not his usual happy self this morning.今天早上，他不像平素那乐呵呵的样子。◆Only with a few people could she be her real self.只有和某几个人在一起时，她才能表现出真实的自我。◆You'll soon be feeling your old self again(= feeling well or happy again).你很快又会变回原来的你。◆Her private and public selves were vastly different.她在私下里和在公众面前的样子完全不同。 see also self ⇨ identity■persona / /pəˈsəʊnə; NAmEpərˈsoʊnə/ (pluralpersonae /pərˈsoʊniː, pərˈsoʊnaɪ/ orpersonas) [countable] (formal) the aspects of a person's character that they show to other people, especially when their real character is different伪装；假象；人格面具◆His public persona is quite different from the private family man described in the book.他的公开形象与书中描写的恋家男人相去甚远。■ˈmake-up [singular] (ratherinformal) the different qualities that combine to form a person's character性格；气质◆Jealousy is not part of his make-up.嫉妒不是他的本性。◆The report studies the psychological make-up of a serial killer.这个报告对一个连环杀手的心理特征作了分析研究。■disposition /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn/ / [countable, usually singular] (formal) the natural qualities of a person's character, as shown in the way they tend to behave or react to sth（通过行为倾向表现出来的）性格，性情◆Tom was everybody's favourite with his bouncy, cheerful disposition.汤姆性情活泼、开朗，所有人都喜欢他。◆Some scenes aren't recommended for viewers of a nervous disposition.某些场景不适合神经质的人观看。