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competition2 noun a drawing/dancing competition 绘画／舞蹈比赛competition between businesses 商业竞争enemyShe's gone to work for the competition.competition ♦︎ race ♦︎ contest ♦︎ rivalry ♦︎ competitivenessThese are all words for a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for sth that not everyone can have. 这些词均表示竞争、角逐、较量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆competition / a race / a contest / rivalry for sth◆competition / a race / a contest / rivalry / competitiveness between people◆in competition / a race / a contest / rivalry with sb / sth◆competition / a race to do sth◆(a) fierce competition / contest / rivalry / competitiveness◆(an) open competition / race / contest◆international competition / rivalry / competitiveness◆to enter / win / lose the race / contest■ competition [uncountable] a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for sth that not everyone can have 竞争；角逐◆There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.现在学校之间为了招录新生而展开激烈的竞争。◆We are in competition with four other companies.我们在和其他四家公司竞争。◆We face strong competition from other countries.我们面临来自其他国家的激烈竞争。◆They won the order against fierce international competition.在激烈的国际竞争下，他们赢得了这份订单。◆The company is having to lay off workers in the face of stiff competition.面对激烈的竞争，这家公司不得不裁员。 see also competitor ⇨ participant ■ race [singular] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a competition between a number of people, groups or organizations, especially for political power, economic advantage or to achieve sth first （尤指为获得政权、经济优势或率先达成目标的）竞争，角逐◆Polls give him the edge over his Democratic rival in the race for the presidency.他和民主党的竞争对手角逐总统，民意调查显示他略占优势。◆Two right-wing candidates lead the presidential race.两名右翼候选人在总统竞选中领先。◆The rival TV companies are in a race to bring out the first film drama of her life.几家相互竞争的电视公司抢着推出关于她生平的首部影视剧作品。◆The race is on (= has begun) to find a cure for this disease.人们开始争相寻找这种疾病的疗法。■ contest [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a competition between candidates for political power or between businesses for economic advantage （对政治权力或商业优势的）争夺，竞争◆During the election contest newspapers are not allowed to publish opinion polls.在选举期间，报纸不允许发表民意调查。◆The other bidders for the contract complained that it had not been a fair contest.其他合同投标人抱怨这不是公平竞争。NOTE 辨析 Race or contest?Both these words are used about political elections and in many cases you can use either word. However, contest usually refers to the election itself and sometimes the two or three weeks of campaigning just before it; race covers the whole period of campaigning for an election which can last months, especially in the case of US presidential elections. You can say that sb wins/loses a race/contest and that sb leads/is ahead in the race for sth but not usually that sb 'leads/is ahead in the contest for sth'. Race, but not contest can also be used to talk about the drive to achieve sth, especially before anyone else has achieved it. 这两个词均可用于政治选举，在许多情况下可以通用。不过，contest通常指选举本身，有时也指选举前两三周的竞选活动。race包括整个竞选期间，可以持续几个月，尤其是美国的总统选举。可以说某人win/lose a race/contest（在竞争中获胜／落败），以及lead/be ahead in the race for sth（在⋯的角逐中领先），但通常不说lead/be ahead in the contest for sth。race，而非contest，还可指为达到某一目的而进行的努力，尤其是赶在在其他人之前。■ rivalry / /ˈraɪvlri/ / [countable, uncountable] a situation in which two people, teams, groups or companies, are competing for the same thing 竞争；竞赛；较量◆Bitter ethnic rivalries within the region have grown.激烈的族群冲突在这一地区滋长。◆There is a certain amount of friendly rivalry between the teams.两队间有某种程度上的友好较量。◆Her parents had been very aware of the problems of sibling rivalry (= between brothers and sisters) before the younger child was born.在较小的孩子出生前她的父母就已经清楚地意识到手足相争的问题。NOTE 辨析 Competition or rivalry?In this meaning competition is used most often in the context of business; rivalry is used more in the contexts of politics, sport and personal relationships. 表达此义时，competition最常指商业竞争，而rivalry则多指政治、体育和人际关系上的竞争。■ competitiveness / /kəmˈpetətɪvnəs/ / [singular, uncountable] the feeling of being in competition with sb/sth for sb/sth; how well sb/sth competes 竞争意识；竞争力◆Jenny brings a fierce competitiveness to the team.珍妮将强烈的竞争意识带入团队。◆The move is an attempt to improve the competitiveness of British industry.此举试图提升英国工业的竞争力。▸ competitive adjective ◆It's a fiercely competitive market.这是一个竞争激烈的市场。 |